Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed October 20, 2005.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
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NO. 14-04-00531-CR
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WILLIAM MICHAEL CHAMBLIN, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from 262nd District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 982,001
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
After a jury convicted William Michael Chamblin of capital murder,[1] the trial court sentenced him to life in prison. On appeal, he challenges (1) the trial court=s denial of his motion to suppress; (2) the admissibility of an officer=s testimony regarding a 911 call; and (3) the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence supporting his conviction. We affirm.
i. Factual and Procedural Background
On Friday, June 13, 2003, at approximately 7:30 p.m., appellant shot his wife and daughter in their Baytown, Texas home. Shortly after 3:00 a.m. the following morning, appellant called 911 and, without identifying himself by name, informed the operator that he had killed his wife and daughter and provided the address of his residence. Baytown Police SWAT team officers were dispatched to appellant=s home and after a three-hour standoff, appellant surrendered. Upon entry into appellant=s home, officers found the bodies of appellant=s wife and daughter in the kitchen. Both victims died from gunshot wounds to the head and chest.
Appellant was taken into custody and later that morning met with Detective J.R. Miller of the Baytown Police Department, who read appellant his rights. In a videotaped statement, appellant admitted to shooting his wife and daughter, and to making the 911 call. Appellant reiterated the same information in a written statement. A jury found appellant guilty of capital murder, and the trial court sentenced him to life in prison.
II. Discussion
In appellant=s first and second issues, he challenges the trial court=s denial of his motion to suppress his videotaped and written statements. In his third issue, appellant argues the trial court erred by admitting an officer=s trial testimony regarding statements made by a police dispatcher. Lastly, appellant argues in his fourth and fifth issues that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support his conviction.
1. Did the Trial Court Err in Denying Appellant=s Motion to Suppress?
In a pre-trial motion to suppress, appellant sought to exclude both his videotaped and written statements. Specifically, appellant argued in his motion that Miller should not have proceeded with questioning following his statement to Miller that he did not wish to waive his rights. Appellant maintains that all statements he made subsequent to this assertion constitute an involuntary confession, thus, he argues the trial court erred in denying his motion. We disagree.
A. Standard of Review
We conduct a bifurcated review of a trial court=s suppression ruling; that is, we give almost total deference to the trial court=s findings of fact, but conduct a de novo review of the trial court=s application of law to those facts. Cook v. State, 63 S.W.3d 924, 927 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. ref=d) (citing State v. Ross, 32 S.W.3d 853, 856 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (en banc). When, as here, the trial court does not file findings of fact, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the ruling, and assume the trial made implicit findings of fact that support its ruling as long as those findings are supported by the record. Id. Further, if the trial court=s decision is correct on any theory of law applicable to the case, the decision will be sustained. Id. Because the issue in this case does not involve a disagreement about the facts or the credibility of a witness, but rather, whether Miller=s actions violated appellant=s rights against self-incrimination, we review the issue de novo.
B. Analysis
When an accused claims his confession was involuntary, the burden shifts to the State to prove its voluntariness. Mason v. State, 116 S.W.3d 248, 257 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet ref=d). Involuntary confessions are inadmissible only when they flow from the improper conduct of law enforcement officials. Guardiola v. State, 20 S.W.3d 216, 223 (citing Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157, 163B64 (1986)). To determine whether the circumstances render an accused=s statement involuntary, we ultimately must determine whether his will was Aoverborne@ by police coercion. Guardiola, 20 S.W.3d at 223 (citing Armstrong v. State, 718 S.W.2d 686, 693 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985) (en banc)). We make this determination based on the totality of the circumstances surrounding the statement. Id. (citing Davis v. North Carolina, 384 U.S. 737, 741 (1966)). Relevant circumstances may include the Alength of detention, incommunicado or prolonged detention, denying a family access to a defendant, refusing a defendant=s request to telephone a lawyer or family member, and physical brutality.@ Id.
The videotaped interview between appellant and Miller begins as follows:
MILLER: I know that this is probably one of the more stressful days in your entire life, and I don=t want to increase that, but I have to read you some rights or legal warnings. Okay? Nothing to get excited about, but I have to read them to you, okay? I=m going to ask you some questions about what=s going on this morning, and see if we can kind of piece some things together. And before I do that, I=ve got to read you these, okay? It says you have the right to remain silent and not make any statement at all, and that any statements you make may be used against you at your trial. Do you understand that?
APPELLANT: Yeah.
MILLER: Okay. Any statement you make may be used as evidence against you in court. Do you understand that?
APPELLANT: Yes.
MILLER: Okay. You have the right to have a lawyer present to advise you prior to and during any questioning. Do you understand that?
APPELLANT: Yes.
MILLER: Okay. If you are unable to employ a lawyer, you have the right to have a lawyer appointed to advise you prior to and during any questioning. Do you understand that?
APPELLANT: Yes.
MILLER: Okay. You have a right to terminate the interview at any time. Do you understand all those rights?
APPELLANT: Yes.
MILLER: Okay. Now, if you would please, just sign right here . . . just that . . . that I read them and that you understand what those rights are.
APPELLANT: (Immediately signs).
MILLER: The bottom part of this says, >I have read this statement of my rights and I understand what my rights are. I am willing to make a statement and answer questions. I wish to waive the above rights. I understand and know what I am doing.= Essentially, that just gives me your consent to ask you some questions about what happened this morning. It doesn=t mean that you can=t stop talking to me when you get ready to. Okay?
APPELLANT: Yes. I don=t know that I have any rights to waive. I don=t really want to waive any rights; I don=t mind talking to you though.
MILER: Okay. Well your rights are these that I just read you here.
APPLLANT: Right.
MILLER: Okay. And if you=re willing to talk to me, I=d like for you to sign this, right on that line.
APPELLANT: (Looks at document for approximately seven seconds, then signs.)
Fewer than two minutes after signing the statement waiving his rights, appellant admitted to making the 911 call. Three minutes later, appellant admitted to shooting both his wife and daughter. Following the videotaped interview, Miller asked appellant if he would be willing to give a written statement and appellant agreed to do so. Appellant=s written statement began with the following:
Prior to making this statement, I have been warned by Detective J.R. Miller that I have the right to remain silent and not make any statement at all and that any statement I make may be used against me at my trial. Two, any statement I make may be used against me in court. Three, I have the right to have a lawyer present to advise me prior to and during any questioning. Four, if I am unable to employ a lawyer, I have the right to have a lawyer appointed to advise me prior to and during any questioning. And, five, I have the right to terminate the interview at any time. I have, prior to and during the making of this written statement, knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waived the rights set out above and make the following statement.
The written statement contains the same admissions made by appellant during the videotaped interview.
Appellant does not argue that his statements were the product of a prolonged detention or aggressive questioning, and the record affirmatively shows that such tactics were not employed. Appellant made his admissions at the very beginning of the interview and there is nothing in the record that suggests coercion, brutality or other improper conduct on the part of Miller. In fact, the videotape shows that throughout the interview, both appellant and Miller remained seated and spoke calmly. Appellant never sought the advice of counsel, never requested to speak to family members, nor did he ever ask to terminate the interview. On the contrary, the evidence shows that appellant was given several opportunities to assert his rights, and repeatedly chose not to do so. When appellant stated, AI don=t know that I have any rights to waive. I don=t really want to waive any rights; I don=t mind talking to you though,@ Miller reminded appellant of his rights and provided appellant an opportunity to reconsider his decision to make a statement. Appellant then re‑examined the document informing him of the rights he would be giving up, signed it, and began to speak to Miller. In light of the totality of the circumstances surrounding appellant=s videotaped and written statements, we conclude the State has shown that both were made voluntarily, and thus, the trial court did not err in denying appellant=s motion to suppress these statements. We overrule appellant=s first and second issues.
2. Did the Admission of Hearsay Testimony Constitute Reversible Error?
In his third issue, appellant challenges the admissibility of the following exchange between the prosecutor and a testifying officer of the Baytown Police SWAT team:
Q: What was the nature of the call to [appellant=s address]?
A: I was informed that patrol units had responded to a shooting call, a 911 call was received, subject on the line, stating he had shot his wife.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Objection your honor, to continuing hearsay.
THE COURT: Overruled.
Q: You may answer that. Go ahead. What was the subject on the line, according to your information?
A: Communications operator advised me that a subject had phoned 911 stating he had shot his wife and child and hung up the phone, saying nothing else.
Despite appellant=s objection to this testimony, a substantially similar question was posed to the next witness, Officer Chris Simunek, and no objection was raised:
Q: On June 14th, 2003, did you have an occasion to be called to [appellant=s address]?
A: Yes, I was.
Q: What kind of call brought you to that location?
A: It was a 911 call. Dispatch had stated that a male suspect had called advising that he had shot his wife and child.
Q: And at what time were you dispatched to that location? . . .
Later in the trial, the State offered an audio tape of the 911 call into evidence, again, without objection. A witness for the State identified the voice on the tape as that of the appellant, and appellant did not challenge or object to her testimony.
Generally, when a police officer=s testimony is admitted, not for its truth, but to establish the course of events and circumstances leading to an arrest, it is not hearsay. Reed v. State, 794 S.W.2d 806, 809 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 1990, pet. ref=d). But, a police officer Ashould not be permitted to relate historical aspects of the case, replete with hearsay statements in the form of complaints and reports on grounds that she was entitled to tell the jury the information upon which she acted.@ Schaffer v. State, 777 S.W.2d 111, 114B15 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989) (en banc). To preserve error in admitting evidence however, a party must make a proper objection and get a ruling on that objection each time the inadmissible evidence is offered or obtain a running objection. Lane v. State, 151 S.W.3d 188, 193 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). An error in admitting evidence is cured where the same evidence comes in without objection. Id. By failing to either restate his hearsay objection or to obtain a running objection, appellant has waived the issue for our review. Accordingly, we overrule appellant=s third issue.
3. Is the Evidence Legally and Factually Sufficient?
In his fourth and fifth issues, appellant contends the evidence is both legally and factually insufficient to show that he took the lives of two persons in the same criminal transaction. Appellant=s argument on these issues is predicated on his claim that the videotaped and written statements and the officer=s testimony regarding the 911 call were inadmissible. Having overruled appellant=s three issues above, we will consider the content of both statements and the 911 call as part of our legal and factual sufficiency analysis.
A. Standard of Review
When an appellant challenges both the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence, we address the legal sufficiency challenge first because an affirmative finding on that issue will result in a rendition of a judgment of acquittal, while a finding of factual insufficiency warrants a remand for a new trial. Nickerson v. State, 69 S.W.3d 661, 668 (Tex. App.CWaco 2002, pet. ref=d). When conducting a legal sufficiency review, we must determine whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); Moff v. State, 131 S.W.3d 485, 488 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). During this process, we do not re‑evaluate the credibility of witnesses or the weight of evidence, and we will not substitute our judgment for that of the fact‑finder. Johnson v. State, 967 S.W.2d 410, 412 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). We affirm the judgment if any rational trier of fact could have found the elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. McDuff v. State, 939 S.W.2d 607, 614 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) (en banc).
B. Analysis
A person commits the offense of capital murder if he intentionally or knowingly takes the life of more than one human being during the same criminal transaction. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. '' 19.03(7)(A), 19.02(b) (Vernon 2003). An act is committed intentionally when it is the actor=s conscious objective or desire to engage in the conduct which causes the result. ' 6.03(a). A person acts knowingly when he knows that the conduct is reasonably certain to cause the result. ' 6.03(b). An accused=s intent may be inferred from his acts, words, and conduct. Mouton v. State, 923 S.W.2d 219, 223 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 1996, no pet.). A culpable mental state is almost always proven through circumstantial evidence. Warren v. State, 797 S.W.2d 161, 164 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 1990, pet. ref=d). The jury must review all the evidence and may reasonably conclude from the circumstantial evidence that the requisite mental state existed. Mouton, 923 S.W.2d at 223.
Here, the manner in which appellant committed the murders plainly suggests his specific intent to kill. Appellant admitted to shooting both victims in the head and the chest with a nine millimeter Beretta handgun. A finder of fact may infer the specific intent to kill from the use of a deadly weapon, unless in the manner of its use it is reasonably apparent that death or serious bodily injury could not result. Childs v. State, 21 S.W.3d 631, 635 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet ref=d). A handgun, like that used by the appellant, is a deadly weapon per se. Tex. Pen. Code. Ann. ' 1.07(a)(17)(a) (Vernon 2003). Appellant=s firearm was loaded. Because appellant failed to remove the bullets and used a gun he knew to be loaded, the jury could also reasonably infer an intent to kill. See Mouton, 923 S.W.2d at 223. Additionally, the medical examiner testified that one of the shots was fired fewer than two feet from the victim=s head. Where a deadly weapon is fired at close range and death results, the law presumes an intent to kill. Womble v. State, 618 S.W.2d 59, 64 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1981). Finally, appellant affirmatively stated that he shot both victims, two times each, in approximately less than a minute. When two victims are shot in the same manner, with the same weapon, and when their bodies were deposited only a few feet from each other, the evidence is sufficient to show that the shootings were part of the same criminal transaction. Rios v. State, 846 S.W.2d 310, 314B15 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) (en banc). Thus, based on the evidence, we conclude a rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant committed all elements of the offense of capital murder. The evidence is legally sufficient to support the jury=s verdict and we overrule appellant=s fourth issue.
In reviewing the evidence for factual sufficiency, we view it neutrally, setting aside the verdict only if (1) the evidence supporting the verdict, if taken alone, is too weak to sustain the finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, or (2) the contrary evidence is so strong that the State could not have met its burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Zuniga v. State, 144 S.W.3d 477, 484B85 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). In our evaluation of the evidence, we must be deferential to the jury=s findings and resist intruding on its role as the sole judge of the witnesses= credibility and of the weight to be given to the evidence. Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (en banc). As noted above, the evidence supporting the verdict is overwhelming, and appellant has put forth no evidence to the contrary. Thus, the jury=s decision is not so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust.
In conclusion, we hold that the trial court properly denied appellant=s motion to suppress, appellant waived his complaint regarding the officer=s hearsay testimony, and further, that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the conviction. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court=s judgment.
/s/ Eva M. Guzman
Justice
Judgment rendered and Memorandum Opinion filed October 20, 2005.
Panel consists of Justice Fowler, Edelman, and Guzman.
Do Not Publish C Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
[1] See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 19.03(7)(A) (Vernon 2003).