Affirmed in Part, Reversed and Rendered in Part, Reversed and Remanded in Part, and Memorandum Opinion filed October 31, 2006.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
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NO. 14-05-00700-CV
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IN THE INTEREST OF B.M.M. AND K.A.M.
On Appeal from the 310th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 94-57646
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
Appellant, Mark Taylor McDonald, Jr., brings this pro se appeal to challenge the trial court=s judgment of child support arrearages against him. We affirm in part, reverse and render in part, and reverse and remand in part.
I. Factual Background
On July 13, 1995, the presiding child support master heard a petition to establish the parent-child relationship between McDonald and B.M.M., born July 19, 1981, and K.A.M., born December 8, 1987. After considering the agreement of the parties and the master=s recommendations, the trial court signed an agreed order establishing the parent-child relationship between McDonald and the children on September 15, 1995. On February 20,
2003, an AOrder on Motion to Modify Support in Suit Affecting the Parent Child Relationship @was signed by the court.
On October 29, 2004, the children=s mother, Mary J. Garcia, filed a motion for enforcement against McDonald,[1] asserting that he had violated certain orders allegedly signed by the trial court on July 13, 1995, July 31, 2002, October 28, 2002, and February 20, 2003. The trial court entered an order of contempt on April 11, 2005, confirming arrearages and holding McDonald in contempt.[2] However, on May 25, 2005, the trial court signed another order vacating the April 11, 2005 order Aas to contempt only,@ leaving the confirmation of arrearages in place.[3] The trial court additionally assessed attorneys fees and costs of $1,000.00 against McDonald.[4]
II. Issues Presented
In his first issue, McDonald argues that the trial court=s order of April 11, 2005 referring to an order signed on October 28, 2002 is erroneous because Athere is no such order in the [trial court=s] docket sheet, nor does the court show any activity [whatsoever] on that date. McDonald argues in his second issue that he was Aerroneously prosecuted in that the Court never signed an order of support on July 13, 1995, July 31, 2002, or October 28, 2002 and thus, the court lacked the jurisdiction to punish [McDonald] or find him in contempt.@ In his third issue, McDonald argues Athe Motion to Enforce, . . . the April 11, 2005 order, [and] the May 25, 2005 order each refer to and allege violations of orders that simply do not exist.@ McDonald asserts in his fourth issue that the February 20, 2003 order Ais the prevailing order, and [McDonald] was current as to that order on the date of the trial . . . and is now current.@ Lastly, McDonald argues in his fifth issue that Athe court never made a provision for a lump sum payment of any amount or for reimbursement of insurance premiums in any order, prior to the [trial court=s] order of February 20, 2003.@ In sum, we construe McDonald=s arguments to challenge the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court=s order of April 11, 2005.
We are unable to address three of McDonald=s five issues because the issues are not properly before this court. First, the contempt finding that McDonald challenges in his second issue has been fully adjudicated in other proceedings, and will not be revisited here. See In re McDonald, 01-05-00616-CV, 2005 WL 2124155 (Tex. App.CHouston [1st Dist.] Aug. 30, 2005, no pet.) (mem. op). Second, McDonald asks this court in his fourth issue to find that McDonald is not currently in violation of the February 20, 2003 order, but refers to no evidence or law in support of this argument. This issue is therefore waived. Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(h). Lastly, in his fifth issue, McDonald asks us to construe all orders in this case before February 20, 2003. However, this issue was not presented to the trial court, and we will not consider it for the fist time on appeal. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1.
We interpret McDonald=s arguments in his first and third issues to assert that the trial court abused its discretion in signing or in failing to vacate the April 11, 2005 order because that order attempts to enforce three prior court orders that either do not exist or do not require McDonald to make the payments alleged.[5]
III. Standard of Review
We review a trial court=s confirmation of an arrearage amount under an abuse of discretion standard. In re T.J.L., 97 S.W.3d 257, 265 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.); see Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex. 1990). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner, without reference to any guiding rules or principles. Worford, 801 S.W.2d at 109. In a nonjury trial where no findings of fact or conclusions of law are filed or requested, we presume the trial court made all the necessary findings to support its judgment. Holt Atherton Indus., Inc. v. Heine, 835 S.W.2d 80, 83B84 (Tex. 1992). The legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support these implied findings may be challenged when, as in this case, a reporter=s record is brought forward. Id. at 84. Under an abuse-of-discretion standard, legal and factual sufficiency are not independent grounds of error, but are relevant factors in assessing whether the trial court abused its discretion. T.J.L., 97 S.W.3d at 266. The trial court does not abuse its discretion if some evidence of a substantive and probative character exists to support the trial court=s decision. Id.
IV. Analysis
Garcia=s motion for enforcement alleges that McDonald violated orders allegedly signed by the trial court on July 13, 1995, July 31, 2002, October 28, 2002, and February 20, 2003. McDonald contends that the orders either do not exist or do not contain the provisions cited and thus cannot serve as a basis for the trial court=s judgment of April 11, 2005. Accordingly, we must begin by determining the existence and contents of these four orders.
A. The Prior Orders
1. The July 13, 1995 Order
McDonald admits that the trial court signed an order on July 13, 1995, but contends that the order only concerned a paternity test, and did not address child support, health insurance, or unreimbursed health care expenses. Garcia, the real party in interest, does not dispute this assertion on appeal.[6] Our review of the record confirms that the order signed on July 13, 1995 only requires McDonald and Garcia to submit to paternity testing. There is no order of this date requiring McDonald to obtain health insurance for the children or pay Garcia a percentage of the children=s unreimbursed health care expenses.
2. The July 31, 2002 Order
The record on appeal contains no order signed on July 31, 2002, and the clerk of the trial court confirms that no order of that date is contained in the court=s file.[7] McDonald avers that no such order exists; the existence of this order, however, is irrelevant, because the trial court=s April 11, 2005 order makes no reference to an order dated July 31, 2002. Accordingly, this argument presents nothing for our review.
3. The October 28, 2002 Order
The record likewise contains no order signed on October 28, 2002, and the clerk of the trial court confirms that no order signed on that date is in the court=s file.[8] McDonald avers, without contradiction, that no such order exists. Because there is no evidence that an order was signed in this case on October 28, 2002, we accept this assertion as correct.
4. The February 20, 2003 Order
The February 20, 2003 order pertains only to K.A.M. This order requires McDonald to pay Garcia child support of $175.00 per month beginning March 1, 2003 and continuing until K.A.M. turns eighteen, attains a high school diploma, or is otherwise emancipated. It also requires Garcia to provide health insurance for K.A.M., and orders McDonald to pay fifty percent of K.A.M.=s unreimbursed health care expenses Aif, at the time the expenses are incurred, [Garcia] is providing health insurance as ordered.@ If Garcia fails to provide health insurance, she is liable for one hundred percent of K.A.M.=s necessary medical expenses.[9] The order further requires McDonald to pay additional Acash medical support of $150.00 each month, beginning the 1st day of March, 2003@ and provides that Garcia Ais responsible for health care expenses incurred monthly totaling up to an amount the equivalent of cash medical support@ ordered to be paid by McDonald.
B. The April 11, 2005 Order
1. Reimbursement of Health Insurance Premiums
According to the trial court=s April 11, 2005 order, the court=s prior orders of July 13, 1995, October 28, 2002, and February 20, 2003 collectively require McDonald to reimburse Garcia for health insurance premiums she paid on the children=s behalf between August 1, 1995 and March 1, 2005. As previously discussed, the order of July 13, 1995 imposes no such obligation on McDonald because it only addresses paternity testing, and there is no evidence that an order signed October 28, 2002 exists.
The only order at issue that requires McDonald to reimburse Garcia for health insurance premiums is the order signed February 20, 2003. That order does not apply retrospectively, and by its terms, requires McDonald to pay additional child support of $150.00 per month to Garcia for K.A.M.=s health insurance premiums beginning March 1, 2003. On appeal, McDonald does not dispute that he is required to pay Garcia additional child support after March 1, 2003, and admits that the amount of the additional child support is $150.00 per month, just as reflected in the trial court=s order.
Because there is no support in the record for the ruling, we hold that the trial court abused its discretion in finding that court orders of July 13, 1995 and October 28, 2002 obligate McDonald to reimburse Garcia for the costs of providing health insurance prior to March 1, 2003, and in confirming an arrearage based on the alleged violation of these orders.
2. Payment of Unreimbursed Health Care Expenses
In its April 11, 2005 order, the trial court also found that court orders of July 13, 1995, October 28, 2002, and February 20, 2003 require McDonald Ato pay 50% of the unreimbursed health care expenses if, at the time the expenses are incurred, the party ordered to provide health insurance for the children is providing health insurance as ordered . . . .@ As previously stated, the order of July 13, 1995 imposes no such obligation on McDonald, and there is no evidence that an order signed October 28, 2002 exists requiring McDonald to make such payments. Of the orders at issue, only the order of February 20, 2003 requires McDonald to pay for unreimbursed health care expenses. This order applies only to K.A.M. and requires McDonald to pay for fifty percent of her unreimbursed health care expenses if Garcia is providing K.A.M. with health insurance. This obligation became effective on March 1, 2003; thus, the trial court abused its discretion in finding McDonald in violation of the July 13, 1995 and October 28, 2002 orders and in finding McDonald in arrears for reimbursement of health care expenses other than those pertaining to K.A.M. and incurred on or after March 1, 2003.
V. Conclusion
In her motion, Garcia asked the trial court to enforce four specific orders, and the trial court=s order addresses only those identified orders. Three of the four orders either do not obligate McDonald to pay Garcia or do not exist. The remaining order, signed February 20, 2003, does require McDonald to pay Garcia $150.00 per month for K.A.M.=s health insurance premiums. That order also states that if Garcia provides K.A.M. with health insurance, McDonald must also pay for fifty percent of K.A.M.=s unreimbursed health care expenses incurred after March 1, 2003, but only if health insurance was in effect at the time the expense was incurred. Therefore, we find no support for the trial court=s finding that, under the orders at issue, McDonald is required to reimburse Garcia for health insurance premiums or unreimbursed health care expenses incurred for B.M.M. at any time, or for K.A.M before March 1, 2003.
Because no orders dated July 15, 1995 or October 28, 2002 require McDonald to make the payments alleged, we reverse that portion of the trial court=s April 11, 2005 order finding McDonald in violation of these orders and we render judgment that McDonald is not in violation of such orders, and owes no payments arising from them.[10]
In accordance with the February 20, 2003 order, we affirm the trial court=s findings that McDonald owes additional child support of $150.00 per month for health insurance premiums from March 1, 2003 and has failed to make twenty-five such required payments through March 1, 2005. Because the trial court=s award of unreimbursed health care exceeded the payments required by the orders at issue, we likewise reverse the judgment ordering McDonald to pay unreimbursed health care expenses that include costs other than those incurred for K.A.M. on or after March 1, 2003. Finally, we remand for recalculation of arrearages based on McDonald=s failure to pay (a) fifty percent of K.A.M.=s unreimbursed health care expenses incurred from March 1, 2003 through the date of trial and (b) the twenty-five $150.00 health insurance premiums discussed above.[11]
/s/ Eva M. Guzman
Justice
Judgment rendered and Memorandum Opinion filed October 31, 2006.
Panel consists of Chief Justice Hedges and Justices Yates and Guzman.
[1] We are unable to determine whether the motion contained in the record is the exact motion that was tried and granted. The trial transcript bears the title ATrial De Novo on the Third Amended Motion for Contempt,@ and the trial court=s order states that the court Aheard Movant=s Motion for Enforcement of Child-Support Order@ without identifying whether the ruling addressed an original or amended motion. The motion in the record contains the typed heading, AThird Amended Motion for Contempt of Child-Support Order and Non Compliance and Order to Appear@; however, the words AThird Amended@ have been redacted, and the word AOriginal@ handwritten above them. Nevertheless, the clerk of the trial court identifies this document as a Athird amended@ motion. At trial, McDonald=s attorney stated to the court AI have a motion for contempt for child support. And you mentioned the third amended, so I don=t know that we=re looking at the same.@ Garcia=s attorney responded that McDonald had Abeen served with all three@ motions, to which McDonald=s attorney answered, AThis is what was transferred to me, but it doesn=t have a third amended order. I just want to make sure that I am comparing apples to apples.@ McDonald=s counsel then stated, AAll we did was to update the amount for the last two months.@ Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the motion in the record contains the substance of the motion actually tried.
[2] In the April 11, 2005 order, the trial court stated the following:
On July 13, 1995, this Court signed Orders that appear[] in the minutes of this Court and state[] in relevant part as follows: . . . AAs additional child support, the Court ORDERS obligor to, within 15 days after entry of this order, obtain health insurance for each child subject of this suit . . . The Court ORDERS MARY J. GARCIA to pay 50% and ORDERS MARK T. MCDONALD JR. to pay 50% of the unreimbursed health care expenses if, at the time the expenses are incurred, the party ordered to provide health insurance for the children is providing health insurance as ordered . . . .@
On October 28, 2002, this Court signed Orders that appear[] in the minutes of this Court and state[] in relevant part as follows: . . . AMARY JANE GARCIA is ORDERED to pay 50% and MARK TAYLOR MCDONALD JR. is ORDERED to pay 50% of the unreimbursed health care expenses if, at the time the expenses are incurred, the party ordered to provide insurance for the children is providing health insurance as ordered.@
On February 20, 2003, this Court signed Orders that appear[] in the minutes of this Court and state[] in relevant part as follows: . . . AMARY JANE GARCIA is ordered to maintain health insurance in full force and effect on each child subject of this suit as long as child support is payable for that child . . . MARK TAYLOR MCDONALD JR. should be ordered to pay additional child support for the actual cost of such health insurance . . . MARY JANE GARCIA is ORDERED to pay 50% and MARK TAYLOR MCDONALD JR. is ORDERED to pay 50% of the unreimbursed health care expenses if, at the time the expenses are incurred, the party ordered to provide insurance for the children is providing health insurance as ordered.@
The Court finds that Respondent has failed to pay health insurance premiums as ordered to MARY JANE GARCIA through Harris County Child Support Division in the amounts and on the dates shown below . . . The Court finds and confirms that [McDonald] is in arrears for the health care premiums and reimbursements of health care expenses in the amount of $9,000.00 for the period July 13, 1995 through March 21, 2005.
[3] Without signing a new contempt order, the trial court signed an order of commitment the same day it vacated the existing contempt order. The order of commitment was subsequently reversed. In re McDonald, 01-05-00616-CV, 2005 WL 2124155 (Tex. App.CHouston [1st Dist.] Aug. 30, 2005, no pet.) (mem. op).
[4] McDonald recites that the Writ of Commitment signed on May 25, 2005, refers to a child support arrearage of $17,000.00, attorneys= fees of $3,000.00, and uninsured medical costs of $2,023.00; however, the First Court of Appeals determined that the order was void. McDonald,, 2005 WL 2124155, at *3.
[5] This construction is supported by McDonald=s prayer for relief, in which he asks us to find that the April 11, 2005 order is based on orders that do not exist, and to hold that the judgment of arrearages is void on its face.
[6] Garcia did not file a brief. In our review of the record, we note that the order signed on September 15, 1995 was the result of a hearing held on July 13, 1995; however, because Garcia did not move for enforcement of the September 15, 1995 order, the requirements of that order are not before us.
[7] Similarly, the docket sheet contains no entry reflecting that an order was signed on July 31, 2002.
[8] As noted, the docket sheet does not reflect an order signed on that day.
[9] Specifically, the order states, AA parent ordered to provide health insurance who fails to do so is liable for 100% of necessary medical expenses of the children, without regard to whether the expenses would have been paid if health insurance had been provided, and the cost of health insurance premiums or contributions, if any, paid on behalf of the children.@
[10] We note that the only orders at issue in this appeal are the nonexistent orders of July 31, 2002 and October 28, 2002, and the orders dated July 13, 1995, and February 20, 2003. Accordingly, we do not address the obligations of McDonald or Garcia under any other order, including any obligations that might arise from the trial court=s order of September 15, 1995.
[11] McDonald has expressly waived any right to recover his own fees or costs incurred on appeal.