Motion for En Banc Reconsideration Denied as Moot; Memorandum Opinion of September 9, 2008, Withdrawn. Affirmed as Modified and Substitute Memorandum Opinion filed April 2, 2009.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
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NO. 14-06-00470-CV
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CHRISTOPHER JOSEPH MCCLOSKEY, Appellant
V.
ANNE MIRIAM MCCLOSKEY, Appellee
On Appeal from the 387th District Court
Fort Bend County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 98-CV-106,445
S U B S T I T U T E M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
Appellant=s motion for en banc reconsideration is denied as moot. The opinion issued September 9, 2008 is withdrawn and the following opinion is substituted therefor. Appellant, Christopher Joseph McCloskey, appeals from an order issued following remand. In four issues, appellant challenges (1) the sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court=s order, (2) the trial court=s jurisdiction and impartiality, and (3) the trial court=s division of the marital estate. We modify the judgment of the trial court and, as modified, affirm.
In 1998, Anne McCloskey began divorce proceedings against Chris McCloskey and Chris counter-petitioned for divorce. A jury heard the issues relating to conservatorship and primary residence of the McCloskey=s two children. The remaining issues relating to the children and the division of property were tried to the trial court. The trial court signed a divorce decree on September 21, 2000, from which appellant appealed. This court issued an opinion in appellant=s appeal on June 12, 2003. McCloskey v. McCloskey, No. 14-00-01300-CV; 14-00-01307-CV 2003 WL 21354709 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2003, no pet.) (memo. op.). In that opinion, the court remanded the issue of attorney=s fees as follows:
In issue ten, Chris raises two complaints regarding the manner in which the trial court assessed and awarded trial and appellate attorney fees against him. First, Chris complains that the trial court classified its award of $50,398.00 in attorney=s fees as Achild support and property division,@ and argues that the trial court=s failure to segregate the portion of the award representing attorney=s fees incurred in the property division and the portion representing fees incurred in connection with child support provides Anne the benefit of the enhanced remedies for enforcement of child support judgments for the entire award. We agree. Because Anne is willing to rectify the matter by classifying the fees as part of the division of property, we sustain this part of Chris=s issue and remand to the trial court to correct the judgment on this issue.
Three years later, on March 13, 2006, the trial court held a hearing on remand. After the hearing, the court modified the original decree with regard to attorney=s fees as follows:
The Court finds that as of January 12, 2001, Michael A. Craig, Petitioner=s attorney, incurred $50,398.00 as attorney=s fees and costs of court, which were necessary for solely the determination of conservatorship of and child support for the children, [D.C.M.] and [L.G.M.]. The Court further finds that the attorney=s fees were reasonable, necessary and customary charges in Fort Bend County, Texas, for an attorney of Michael A. Craig=s experience and capabilities.
The Court finds that as of January 12, 2001, Michael A. Craig, Petitioner=s attorney, incurred an additional $32,500.00 as attorney=s fees and costs of court, which were necessary solely for the preservation of the parties= community estate. The Court further finds that the attorney=s fees were reasonable, necessary and customary charges in Fort Bend County, Texas, for an attorney of Michael A. Craig=s experience and capabilities.
40.3 It is ORDERED, as additional child support, that Michael A. Craig, for the benefit of Anne Miriam McCloskey, is awarded a judgment of $50,398.00 against Christopher Joseph McCloskey for attorney=s fees and expenses, with interest at 10% per year, compounded annually, from September 1, 2000 until paid, for which let execution issue.
Appellant has now filed an appeal of the trial court=s modified order. In his first issue, he contends that the trial court erred in awarding attorney=s fees as child support in the original divorce action because the Family Code permits attorney=s fees to be assessed as child support only in an action filed to enforce child support, not in a divorce proceeding in which child support is determined. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. ' 157.167 (Vernon 2005).
In a suit affecting the parent‑child relationship, the Family Code provides that a trial court Amay order reasonable attorney=s fees as costs@ and that such fees Amay be enforced ... by any means available for the enforcement of a judgment for debt.@ Tex. Fam. Code Ann. ' 106.002 (Vernon 2005). Although attorney=s fees may be taxed as child support in suits brought to enforce a child‑support order, appellate courts distinguish between fees awarded in the original divorce action and in suits brought to modify a child‑support order because of the consequences that follow from characterizing the fees as child support. See Roosth v. Daggett, 869 S.W.2d 634, 637 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 1994, orig. proceeding). Texas law prohibits imprisoning a person for debt and collecting attorney=s fees by contempt proceedings. See Tex. Const. art. I, ' 18; Wallace v. Briggs, 162 Tex. 485, 348 S.W.2d 523, 525B26 (1961).
The trial court=s order in this case characterized $50,398.00 in attorney=s fees Aas additional child support.@ Because this is not a case of child support enforcement, the trial court erred in characterizing the attorney=s fees as child support. See In re Moers, 104 S.W.3d 609, 612 (Tex. App.CHouston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.). Appellant=s first issue is sustained and the judgment is modified to delete the characterization of attorney=s fees as child support.
Appellant brings three other issues not related to this court=s remand. Because this court=s remand was limited to the characterization of attorney=s fees, appellant=s issues regarding characterization of property, bias of the trial judge, and amount of attorney=s fees cannot be considered in this appeal. See Hudson v. Wakefield, 711 S.W.2d 628, 630 (Tex. 1986) (when the appellate court limits remand to a particular issue, the trial court is restricted to determination of that issue). The order from which appellant appeals addressed only the attorney=s fees. The trial court did not consider the other issues raised by appellant. Accordingly, appellant=s remaining issues are overruled.
The judgment of the trial court is modified to delete any reference to the characterization of attorney=s fees as Aadditional child support.@ In all other respects, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
/s/ Adele Hedges
Chief Justice
Panel consists of Chief Justice Hedges and Justices Boyce and Price.*
* Senior Justice Frank C. Price sitting by assignment.