TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-13-00114-CV
M. F. P., Appellant
v.
Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, Appellee
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 4 OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY
NO. 11-2797-FC4, HONORABLE JOHN McMASTER, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
M.F.P. challenges the trial court’s decree terminating his parental rights to S.P.,
contending by his sole issue on appeal that factually insufficient evidence supports the trial court’s
finding that termination is in the child’s best interest. We will affirm the judgment.
Background
S.P. was born in 1998, the oldest of five children born to the same mother. S.P. is
the only one of these children alleged to be appellant’s child. Appellant’s attorney asserted that
appellant has three other children. Appellant has never met the child subject of this suit because
he did not believe the mother when she said she was pregnant with his child—he called her a
“pathological liar.” Since paternity testing prompted by this case proved him to be the child’s father,
appellant has exchanged letters with the child and spoken with him on the telephone. Appellant also
provided as much as $100 in child support. At the time of the February 2013 trial, appellant had
been incarcerated for six-and-a-half years awaiting trial on racketeering charges. He was confined
to a segregation unit in the California detention center because of fighting while incarcerated.
The child lived with his maternal grandmother, his maternal uncle, and his siblings
for much of his life even while in the primary care of the child’s mother. The Department intended
that his grandmother adopt S.P. along with his siblings. Adoption of this child would entitle his
grandmother to a $400 per month subsidy.
Before this trial, the trial court terminated all other parental rights to the child and his
siblings. Though there was minimal reference to the conditions prompting this suit, the termination
order reveals that the court found that the children’s mother and the other children’s father had
knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain in conditions or surroundings that
endangered the children’s physical or emotional well-being, engaged in conduct or knowingly placed
the children with persons who engaged in conduct that endangered the children’s emotional or
physical well-being, constructively abandoned the children, failed to comply with services, and used
controlled substances in a way that endangered the children and violated other restrictions.
The trial court found that appellant had engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the
children with persons who engaged in conduct that endangered the child’s physical or emotional
well-being. The court also found that termination of appellant’s parental rights was in the child’s
best interest. Appellant challenges only the best-interest finding on appeal.
Standards of proof and review
Clear and convincing evidence must support the decision to terminate parental rights,
including the best-interest finding. Tex. Fam. Code § 161.001(2); In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256,
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263-64 (Tex. 2002). Courts consider many factors in assessing the child’s best interest, including
the nine factors listed in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976) (factors include
(1) the child’s desires, (2) current and future physical and emotional needs of child, (3) current and
future physical danger to the child, (4) parental abilities of person seeking custody, (5) whether
programs are available to assist person seeking custody in promoting best interests of child, (6) plans
for child by person seeking custody, (7) stability of home, (8) acts or omissions of parent that may
indicate parent-child relationship is not proper, and (9) any excuse for acts or omissions of parent).
Termination proceedings are strictly scrutinized on appeal. See Holick v. Smith,
685 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1985). With respect to our review of the factual sufficiency of the
evidence, we consider the entire record, including disputed evidence, to determine “whether
the evidence is such that a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the
truth of the State’s allegations.” J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266; In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex. 2002).
“If, in light of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable fact finder could not
have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not reasonably
have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is factually insufficient.” In re J.F.C.,
96 S.W.3d at 266.
The testimony
Because much of the testimony is relevant to more than one Holley factor regarding
the child’s best interest, we will review the testimony as a whole. The witnesses at trial included
the child’s maternal grandmother, maternal uncle, and caseworker. These witnesses recounted their
observations as well as some contact with the child’s father.
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Although the child did not testify, the witnesses all testified that he wanted to stay
with his grandmother, uncle, and siblings.1 The child wanted to retain contact with his father and
wrote in a letter to appellant that he loved and missed appellant, but the child told his caseworker
that he did not want his father to have any power to make decisions for him. Appellant wanted the
child to stay in his current placement, but wanted to retain his rights to ensure continued contact
with the child. The child’s maternal grandmother testified that, although she preferred that the child
have no contact with his father because the child got “confused” a lot, she would permit continued
appropriate contact. The child’s uncle testified that he would permit continued contact as long as
the child desired regardless of whether the court terminated the legal parent-child relationship.
The grandmother was approved to adopt the child, but the uncle was not. The
child was doing fine in her care despite some developmental/academic deficiencies that were
1
In his reply brief, appellant complains that this decree must be reversed because of the
absence of testimony from the child. He contends this testimony is necessary to the best-interest
determination. He relies on a provision that the “child shall attend each permanency hearing unless
the court specifically excuses the child's attendance.” See Tex. Fam. Code § 263.302. The parties
discussed the issue before the termination hearing began and expressed their agreement to
permit hearsay statements regarding what the child had said about his wishes to the witnesses. The
Department’s attorney said, “as long as we are [in agreement] that this is what he has told the parties,
this is what his wishes have been stated, that we would rather keep him out of the courtroom and
keep him in school if it’s okay.” Appellant’s attorney said, “ I did agree that whatever the child has
said, basically, I don’t see the need to put the child through it.” The trial court stated that he would
prefer to avoid pulling the child out of school “unless there is a profound reason to do that because
it is really disruptive.” The court plainly chose not to require the child’s attendance based on the
child’s interests and the agreement of the parties. There is no showing that the parties who testified
about the child’s wishes misrepresented the child’s wishes. Finally, to the extent that the statute
concerning attendance at permanency hearings applies to this termination hearing, it plainly states
that “[f]ailure by the child to attend a hearing does not affect the validity of an order rendered at the
hearing.” Tex. Fam. Code § 263.302. On this record, the trial court did not err by not requiring the
child to attend and testify regarding his wishes.
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attributed to his absences from school in previous years. The grandmother had stopped working
to take care of the children. The child’s uncle socialized with the child and he attempted to
establish consequences for unsatisfactory academic performance. While the uncle was unemployed
for several months, he took the children to appointments because he could speak English better
than the grandmother. A caseworker once found the uncle asleep on the couch in the afternoon
while in charge of the children. He was about to start a new job maintaining an apartment complex.
The grandmother, uncle, and children had moved three times in the eighteen months this case
was pending—once being evicted for nonpayment of rent—and were contemplating a move to
their previous homes in Seattle or California. Termination and adoption would improve the
grandmother’s monetary position by adding a $400 monthly stipend to the approximately $1,440 she
received in social security payments and food stamps. There was no testimony regarding whether
adoption of the other siblings would bring a similar per-child stipend.
Appellant’s incarceration for an uncertain term prevents him from personally
providing care for the child. He sent “maybe $100” to assist with the child’s care after learning that
he was the father. He had taken a parenting class in prison before knowing about this child as a
means of getting out of his cell. He had fathered three other children but was not the primary
caregiver to any of them. Although his attorney described appellant’s parents and siblings as “quite
decent” and employed, the caseworker did not inquire about their interest in adopting the children.
There is no evidence that any of appellant’s relatives have offered to care for or support the child.
According to the maternal grandmother, they have not sent any financial support. There was no
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speculation regarding when appellant might be released or what sort of financial, emotional, or
physical support appellant or his relatives could provide either before or after his release.
Conclusion
We conclude that factually sufficient evidence was presented at trial on which the
trial court could reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction that termination of appellant’s
parental rights was in S.P.’s best interest. Finding no reversible error presented, we affirm the
termination of appellant’s parental rights.
Jeff Rose, Justice
Before Justices Puryear, Pemberton, and Rose
Affirmed
Filed: June 26, 2013
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