MEMORANDUM DECISION
Sep 18 2015, 8:44 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael B. Troemel Gregory F. Zoeller
Lafayette, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Robert J. Henke
James D. Boyer
Deputy Attorneys General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Termination September 18, 2015
of the Parent-Child Relationship Court of Appeals Case No.
of: 79A05-1412-JT-602
Br.H. & Be.H. (Minor Children), Appeal from the Tippecanoe
Superior Court
and
The Honorable Faith A. Graham,
C.H. (Father), Judge
Appellant-Respondent, Trial Court Cause Nos.
79D03-1405-JT-19
v. 79D03-1405-JT-20
The Indiana Department of
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner
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Baker, Judge.
[1] Father appeals the judgment of the juvenile court terminating his parental
relationship with two of his children, Br.H. and Be.H., arguing that there is
insufficient evidence supporting the order. Finding sufficient evidence
supporting the termination order, we affirm.
Facts
Prior DCS History
[2] In July 2009, the Indiana Department of Child Services (DCS) received a report
regarding two of Father’s children, K.H. and C.N.H.1 DCS found them
physically abused, dirty, and unkempt. They were living in a trailer that lacked
all utilities other than a generator used to power the television and the water
heater. When K.H. and C.N.H. were removed a week later, they tested
positive for methamphetamine and cocaine. The children were found to be
children in need of services (CHINS), and Father tested positive for drugs
throughout the CHINS case. On February 25, 2011, the trial court
involuntarily terminated Father’s parental rights over K.H. and C.N.H., finding
that he had failed to participate in services and court hearings; had missed ten
out of twelve visits with K.H. and C.N.H.; was discharged from services due to
1
These children are not at issue in this case.
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non-compliance; and had an extensive history of failure to maintain sobriety.
Tr. Ex. 25 p. 4.
[3] Mother and Father are the parents of Br.H., born in June 2010, and Be.H., born
in June 2013.2 A month after Br.H.’s birth, DCS filed a petition alleging that he
was a CHINS after he was born testing positive for opiates and was suffering
from withdrawal symptoms. Father refused to participate in a drug screen and
indicated that he was homeless. Based on the parent’s admissions, the juvenile
court adjudicated Br.H. to be a CHINS on July 29, 2010. In August 2010, the
court ordered Father to participate in services. Eventually, the juvenile court
closed the CHINS case in January 2012, despite finding in December 2011 that
Father had been essentially non-compliant.
Current DCS Case
[4] On June 17, 2013, DCS removed Br.H and Be.H. three days after Be.H. was
born testing positive for drugs and suffering from withdrawal symptoms. DCS
filed a CHINS petition for both children on June 19, 2013, which the court
granted based on the parents’ admissions of drug use.
[5] The juvenile court held a hearing on July 8, 2013, and issued parental
participation and dispositional decrees. The juvenile court ordered
reunification services with Father, including substance abuse assessments and
2
Mother is not a party to this appeal.
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treatment, parenting assessments, home-based case management services,
individual counseling, random drug screens, and supervised visits. In August
2013, the court found Father in contempt, finding that he had failed to
participate in a substance abuse assessment, failed to attend visitation, failed to
participate in individual counseling, provided a diluted urine sample, tested
positive for suboxone, failed to participate in a “supportive living facility,”
failed to participate in home-based case management, and had an outstanding
warrant. Tr. Ex. 1 at p. 33. Father was incarcerated for contempt from
November 2013 to January 2014. After his release, Father was again found in
contempt of court on April 3, 2014, because he had tested positive for
methamphetamine in March 2014.
[6] On May 19, 2014, DCS filed a termination of parental rights petition regarding
Br.H. and Be.H. The juvenile court conducted factfinding hearings on August
13, October 17, and November 3, 2014. On December 9, 2014, the juvenile
court granted the termination petition, finding, among other things, that
“Father has a long-standing history of instability, substance abuse, and criminal
behavior.” Appellant’s Br. 15.3 It further concluded, “[t]he parents have
3
We would ordinarily cite the Termination Order from the Appendix, rather than Appellant’s brief.
However, while Father’s counsel did comply with Indiana Appellate Rule 46(A)(10)—“The brief shall
include any written opinion, memorandum of decision or findings of fact and conclusions thereon relating to
the issues raised on appeal”—he did not comply with Indiana Appellate Rule 50(A)(2)(b)—the appendix
shall contain “the appealed judgment or order, including any written opinion, memorandum of decision, or
findings of fact and conclusions thereon relating to the issues raised on appeal”—because he left out every
other page of the termination order. We encourage counsel to pay closer attention in the future to the
documents he submits to this Court.
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demonstrated short-term periods of stability and sobriety followed by longer
periods of instability and drug use. Any recent short-term improvements do not
outweigh the long-term, repetitive history of these parents failing to maintain
stability and sobriety.” Appellant’s Br. 17. Moreover, the court found that
Father did not have independent housing suitable for the children. His job
takes him out of state for three weeks every month and he lives in a hotel when
not working. The juvenile court concluded that termination is in the children’s
best interests. Father now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
I. Standard of Review
[7] The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right
of parents to raise their children. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children,
839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind. 2005). However, parental interests are not absolute,
and if parents are unable or unwilling to meet their parental responsibilities,
their interests must be subordinated to those of their children. Id. In
appropriate circumstances, a juvenile court may order the parent-child
relationship terminated. Id. The purpose of terminating a parent-child
relationship is not to punish the parents but to protect their children. In re
S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d 874, 880 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). A juvenile court “need not
wait until a child is irreversibly harmed before terminating the parent-child
relationship.” In re N.Q., 996 N.E.2d 385, 391 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013).
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[8] When reviewing a decision to terminate parental rights, we neither reweigh the
evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses. In re K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d 1225,
1229 (Ind. 2013). We consider only the evidence and any reasonable inferences
therefrom that support the judgment. Id.
[9] When, as here, the trial court enters findings of fact and conclusions of law, we
employ a two-tiered standard of review. Bester, 839 N.E.2d at 147. We first
determine whether the evidence supports the findings, and then determine
whether the findings support the judgment. Id. We will only set aside the
juvenile court’s judgment if it is clearly erroneous. Id. A judgment is clearly
erroneous if the findings do not support the conclusions or the conclusions do
not support the judgment. Id.
[10] Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4 sets out the elements for a petition to terminate
a parent-child relationship:
(2) The petition must allege:
(A) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) The child has been removed from the parent
for at least six (6) months under a
dispositional decree.
(ii) A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-
21-5.6 that reasonable efforts for family
preservation or reunification are not required,
including a description of the court’s finding,
the date of the finding, and the manner in
which the finding was made.
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(iii) The child has been removed from the parent
and has been under the supervision of a local
office or probation department for at least
fifteen (15) months of the most recent twenty-
two (22) months, beginning with the date the
child is removed from the home as a result of
the child being alleged to be a child in need of
services or a delinquent child;
(B) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) There is a reasonable probability that the
conditions that resulted in the child’s removal
or the reasons for placement outside of the
home of the parents will not be remedied.
(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the
continuation of the parent-child relationship
poses a threat to the well-being of the child.
(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions,
been adjudicated a child in need of services;
(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child;
and
(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and
treatment of the child.
[11] Father does not challenge the juvenile court’s conclusions that the children have
been removed from his care for the requisite period of time, I.C. § 31-35-2-
4(b)(2)(A)(i), or that there is a satisfactory plan for the children’s care and
treatment, I.C. § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(D). His only arguments on appeal are that
DCS did not adequately prove 1) that there is a reasonable probability that the
conditions that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement
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outside the home of the parents will not be remedied, or 2) that termination is
in the best interests of the children.
I. Reasonable Probability That Conditions Will
Not Be Remedied
[12] In arguing that the juvenile court erred by concluding there is a reasonable
probability that conditions will not be remedied, Father first requests this Court
to “review his testimony,” to determine his current sobriety and employment.
Appellant’s Br. 3-5. He argues that he has been sober since March 2014 and has
been gainfully employed in the construction business since July 2014. He also
points to testimony from some DCS case managers indicating that he
demonstrated good parenting skills during visitations.
[13] Father’s argument is a request to reweigh the evidence heard at the juvenile
court, which we will not do. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, 642 (Ind. 2014).
Confining ourselves to the evidence that supports the judgment, we find
substantial evidence to support the juvenile court’s finding of fact that the
conditions that led to the children’s removal will not be remedied.
[14] The primary condition leading to the children’s removal was Father’s history of
drug abuse. Father has admitted to the following drug history: he used drugs
prior to 2005; completed drug treatment in September 2005, but relapsed and
continued to use drugs for the next five years; stopped in July 2010, but relapsed
around June 2013; cleaned up in June 2013, but relapsed by August; was clean
during his incarceration from November 2013 to January 2014, but tested
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positive for methamphetamine in January after his release; started trying not to
use drugs in February 2014, but relapsed by March, again testing positive for
methamphetamine; engaged in an intensive outpatient substance abuse
treatment from March to July 2014, but tested positive for marijuana use in
May. He has not provided DCS with a drug screen since July 25, 2014. Given
this history, there was substantial evidence to support the finding of a
reasonable likelihood that Father’s drug use will continue.
[15] In addition, there is substantial evidence from which the trial court could find
that Father was not participating in court-ordered services. He has been found
in contempt twice, and almost all of the services he has been ordered to
complete have been terminated because of his lack of contact and missed
appointments. Father also testified at the hearings that he still did not have
adequate housing, as he was living out of a hotel.
[16] In sum, there was substantial evidence from which the juvenile court could find
that the conditions that led to the removal of the children would not be
remedied.
II. Best Interests of the Children
[17] Father next takes issue with the juvenile court’s finding that termination of the
parent-child relationship would be in the children’s best interests. He points to
evidence showing an attachment between him and Br.H. and argues that
children have a right to be raised by their biological parent.
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[18] While it is certainly true that “[a] parent has a fundamental right to direct the
upbringing of his or her child . . . there exists a corresponding duty of the parent
to provide for the child’s physical and mental well-being.” Lake Cnty Div. of
Family and Children Servs. v. Charlton, 631 N.E.2d 526, 528 (Ind. Ct. App. 1994).
“When the parents fail to fulfill their duty, the state has the authority, pursuant
to its parens patriae power, to intervene.” Id.
[19] Here, the same history of drug abuse and lack of housing recited above provides
substantial evidence from which the juvenile court could find that termination
of the parent-child relationship was in the best interests of the children. While
some DCS workers gave positive testimony about Father, the DCS case
manager and the court appointed special advocate both testified that
termination was in the children’s best interests.
[20] Father concedes that “[t]his determination is a close call.” Appellant’s Br. 10.
That fact alone would foreclose Father’s appeal, as “close call” is the antithesis
of “clearly erroneous.” Consequently, his arguments must fail.
[21] The judgment of the juvenile court is affirmed.
Bailey, J., and Mathias, J., concur.
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