Anssari v. INS

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH  (/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS 81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB %$+5$0 $166$5, ; *+$5$&+('$*+<HWDO  3HWLWLRQHUV   1R  Y !   ,00,*5$7,21 $1'  1$785$/,=$7,21 6(59,&(  5HVSRQGHQW   1 2Q3HWLWLRQIRU5HYLHZRIDQ2UGHURIWKH%RDUG RI,PPLJUDWLRQ$SSHDOV 1RV$ $UJXHG6HSWHPEHU 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG1RYHPEHU %HIRUH1255,6DQG'$8*+75(<&LUFXLWsXGJHV :,6(0$1'LVWULFWsXGJH 7KLV GHFLVLRQ ZDV RULJLQDOO\ LVVXHG DV DQ mXQSXEOLVKHG GHFLVLRQl ILOHG RQ 1RYHPEHU   2Q 0DUFK   WKH FRXUW GHVLJQDWHG WKH RSLQLRQ DV RQH UHFRPPHQGHG IRU IXOOWH[W SXEOLFDWLRQ 7KH +RQRUDEOH 7KRPDV $ :LVHPDQ sU 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH IRU WKH 0LGGOH 'LVWULFW RI 7HQQHVVHH VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ   $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\Y,16 1R BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ $5*8('%HK]DG*KDVVHPL/$:2)),&(2)%(+=$' *+$66(0, /DQVLQJ 0LFKLJDQ IRU 3HWLWLRQHUV  1RUDK $VFROL 6FKZDU] 81,7(' 67$7(6 '(3$570(17 2) s867,&( ,00,*5$7,21 /,7,*$7,21 &,9,/ ',9,6,21:DVKLQJWRQ'&IRU5HVSRQGHQW21%5,() %HK]DG *KDVVHPL /$: 2)),&( 2) %(+=$' *+$66(0, /DQVLQJ 0LFKLJDQ IRU 3HWLWLRQHUV  1RUDK $VFROL 6FKZDU] )UDQFHVFR ,VJUR 81,7(' 67$7(6 '(3$570(17 2) s867,&( ,00,*5$7,21 /,7,*$7,21 &,9,/ ',9,6,21 :DVKLQJWRQ '& IRU 5HVSRQGHQW BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 0$57+$&5$,*'$8*+75(<&LUFXLWsXGJH  7KLV DSSHDO DULVHV IURP SHWLWLRQV ILOHG ZLWK WKH ,16 E\ %DKUDP $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\ DQG KLV IDPLO\ VHHNLQJ SROLWLFDO DV\OXP  $Q LPPLJUDWLRQ MXGJH GHQLHG WKH SHWLWLRQV DQG $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\DSSHDOHGWKLVGHFLVLRQWRWKH%RDUG RI,PPLJUDWLRQ$SSHDOV7KH%RDUGGLVPLVVHGWKHDSSHDODV XQWLPHO\ DQG $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\ QRZ SHWLWLRQV WKLV FRXUWIRUUHYLHZRIERWKWKHRUGHURIWKHLPPLJUDWLRQMXGJH DQG WKH %RDUGj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jVSHWLWLRQVIRUZLWKKROGLQJIURPUHPRYDO PLVOHG$QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\jVFRXQVHOWKLVFRQGXFWFDQQRW VWDWXV EXW GHQLHG WKHLU DSSOLFDWLRQV IRU DV\OXP  7KH EHLPSXWHGWRWKH,16 LPPLJUDWLRQMXGJHjVRUGHUVWDWHGWKDWDSSHDOVIURPWKHRUGHUV ZHUHWREHILOHGZLWKWKH%RDUGRI,PPLJUDWLRQ$SSHDOVE\ 7KHSHWLWLRQIRUUHYLHZLV'(1,(' 1RYHPEHU    &RXQVHO IRU WKH IDPLO\ PDLOHG WKHLU QRWLFHRIDSSHDOE\FHUWLILHGPDLOWRWKH%RDUGRQ1RYHPEHU   EXW WKH QRWLFH DQG DWWDFKHG H[KLELWV ZHUH QRW UHFHLYHGE\WKH%RDUGXQWLO1RYHPEHU$VDUHVXOWWKH %RDUG RUGHUHG WKH IDPLO\jV DSSHDO GLVPLVVHG RQ $SULO  IRUODFNRIMXULVGLFWLRQEHFDXVHLWZDVXQWLPHO\ILOHG $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\ DQG KLV IDPLO\ ILOHG D PRWLRQ WR UHFRQVLGHUWKLVGHFLVLRQZLWKWKH%RDUGZKLFKZDVGHQLHGRQ 0D\7KH\KDYHILOHGDSHWLWLRQIRUUHYLHZRIWKH %RDUGjV$SULORUGHULQWKLVFRXUW %HIRUHWKLVFRXUW$QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\VHHNVUHYLHZRI WKHLPPLJUDWLRQMXGJHjVRUGHUVGHQ\LQJKLVIDPLO\DV\OXPLQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV DQG KLV EULHI RQ DSSHDO DWWDFNV WKH VXEVWDQWLYH EDVLV IRU WKH MXGJHjV GHFLVLRQ  $V WKH ,16 FRUUHFWO\SRLQWVRXWKRZHYHURQO\WKH%RDUGjVGLVPLVVDORI $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\jVDSSHDORIWKHLPPLJUDWLRQMXGJHjV GHFLVLRQPD\EHUHYLHZHGE\WKLVFRXUW 7KHSDUWLHVDOVRGLVSXWHZKLFKVWDQGDUGWKLVFRXUWVKRXOG XVH LQ UHYLHZLQJ WKH ,16 RUGHUV  $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\ ZRXOGKDYHWKHFRXUWGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUVXEVWDQWLDOHYLGHQFH VXSSRUWVWKHLPPLJUDWLRQMXGJHjVGHFLVLRQGHQ\LQJDV\OXPWR KLVIDPLO\DVWDQGDUGWKDWKHFODLPVLQFOXGHVGHQRYRUHYLHZ RI WKH MXGJHjV OHJDO GHWHUPLQDWLRQV  7KH ,16 FLWHV ,16 Y $JXLUUH$JXLUUH86  IRUWKHSURSRVLWLRQWKDW WKLVFRXUWRZHVmVSHFLDOGHIHUHQFHlWRWKH%RDUGjVGHFLVLRQ  $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\Y,16 1R 1R $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\Y,16  GHWHUPLQLQJ ZKHWKHU $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\jV DSSHDO ZDV ,QWKLVFDVHWKHLPPLJUDWLRQMXGJHDQQRXQFHGKLVGHFLVLRQ XQWLPHO\DQGZKHWKHULWSRVVHVVHGMXULVGLFWLRQWRRWKHUZLVH RQ 2FWREHU    8QGHU WKH GD\ UXOH $QVVDUL HQWHUWDLQ WKH DSSHDO  6HH LG DW  VWDWLQJ WKDW m>W@KH *KDUDFKHGDJK\jVQRWLFHRIDSSHDOVKRXOGKDYHUHDFKHGWKH $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO ZKLOH UHWDLQLQJ XOWLPDWH DXWKRULW\ KDV ,16 FOHUNjV RIILFH RQ RU EHIRUH 1RYHPEHU   YHVWHGWKH>%RDUG@ZLWKSRZHUWRH[HUFLVHWKHµGLVFUHWLRQDQG +RZHYHU WKH %RDUG GLG QRW UHFHLYH WKH QRWLFH XQWLO DXWKRULW\FRQIHUUHGXSRQWKH$WWRUQH\*HQHUDOE\ODZjLQWKH 1RYHPEHU7KH%RDUGWDNHVWKHSRVLWLRQWKDWLWPD\ FRXUVHRIµFRQVLGHULQJDQGGHWHUPLQLQJFDVHVEHIRUHLWlDQG QRWDVVHUWMXULVGLFWLRQWRKHDUXQWLPHO\DSSHDOVVHH0DWWHURI WKDWm>E@DVHGRQWKLVDOORFDWLRQRIDXWKRULW\ZHUHFRJQL]H>@ (VFREDU ,QWHULP 'HFLVLRQ   :/  %,$ WKDWWKH%,$VKRXOGEHDFFRUGHG&KHYURQGHIHUHQFHl   DQGPRUHUHFHQWO\WKDWLWPD\QRWLJQRUHWKHH[SUHVV ILOLQJGHDGOLQHVFRQWDLQHGLQWKH,16UHJXODWLRQVHYHQZKHUH ,Q FDVHV GHFLGHG EHIRUH WKH SDVVDJH RI WKH ,OOHJDO WKH SHUFHLYHG HTXLWLHV RI D SDUWLFXODU FDVH PD\ FRXQVHO ,PPLJUDWLRQ 5HIRUP DQG ,PPLJUDQW 5HVSRQVLELOLW\ $FW RI UHOD[DWLRQRIWKHGHDGOLQHV6HH,QUHss,QWHULP'HFLVLRQ  ,,5,5$ 3XE/6WDW FRGLILHGLQ :/ %,$ 7KHYDULRXVFRXUWVRI VFDWWHUHGVHFWLRQVRIDQG86& ZHQRUPDOO\UHYLHZHG DSSHDOVKDYHUHFRJQL]HGWKDWWKHILOLQJSHULRGIRUDQRWLFHRI WKH%RDUGjVGLVPLVVDOVIRUXQWLPHOLQHVVGHQRYR6HH6LQLVWDM DSSHDOLVJHQHUDOO\mPDQGDWRU\DQGMXULVGLFWLRQDOl+XVVHLQ Y,161R:/DW  WK&LU$SU :/DW VHHDOVR&]\]:/DW    SHUFXULDP +XVVHLQY,161R $WLTXOODKY,16)G WK&LU 9ODLFXY :/  DW  WK &LU 0DU    SHU FXULDP  ,16)G WK&LU *LYHQWKLVSUHFHGHQW 1HYHUWKHOHVV&RQJUHVVjVSDVVDJHRI,,5,5$DSSHDUVWRPDNH LWZRXOGDSSHDUWKDWWKH%RDUGjVGHFLVLRQUHIXVLQJWRDVVHUW %RDUG GHFLVLRQV UHJDUGLQJ DSSHDOV RI ,16 RUGHUV KLJKO\ MXULVGLFWLRQLQWKLVFDVHPXVWEHXSKHOGDQGWKHUHIRUHWKDW GLVFUHWLRQDU\JLYHQWKHFXUUHQWVWDWXWRU\ODQJXDJHUHYLHZIRU $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\jVSHWLWLRQVKRXOGEHGHQLHG DEXVH RI GLVFUHWLRQ PD\ EH PRVW DSSURSULDWH  6HH HJ  86&$† E  '    m>7@KH$WWRUQH\*HQHUDOjV ,WLVWUXHWKDWVRPHFRXUWVLQFOXGLQJWKH6L[WK&LUFXLWKDYH GLVFUHWLRQDU\ MXGJPHQW ZKHWKHU WR JUDQW >DV\OXP@ VKDOO EH UHFRJQL]HGWKDWWKH%RDUGPD\KDYHMXULVGLFWLRQWRKHDUDQ FRQFOXVLYHXQOHVVPDQLIHVWO\FRQWUDU\WRWKHODZDQGDQDEXVH RWKHUZLVHXQWLPHO\DSSHDOLIDSDUW\KDVEHHQmPLVOHGE\WKH RIGLVFUHWLRQl VHHDOVR&]\]Y,161R:/ ZRUGVRUFRQGXFWRIWKHFRXUWl9ODLFX)GDWRULI  WK&LUsDQ  UHYLHZLQJ%RDUGjVGLVPLVVDORI RWKHUmH[WUDRUGLQDU\RUXQLTXHFLUFXPVWDQFHVlLQWHUIHUHGZLWK DSSHDOIRUXQWLPHOLQHVVIRUDEXVHRIGLVFUHWLRQ  WLPHO\ILOLQJ&]\]:/DW VHH6LQLVWDM :/DW +XVVHLQ:/DW ,QDQ :HFRQFOXGHWKDWLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIWKHFRUUHFWVWDQGDUGRI DIILGDYLW VXSSRUWLQJ $QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\jV PRWLRQ WR UHYLHZ LV DFWXDOO\ XQQHFHVVDU\ LQ WKLV FDVH EHFDXVH HYHQ UHFRQVLGHUWKH%RDUGjVGLVPLVVDORIKLVDSSHDOKLVFRXQVHO XQGHUDGHQRYRVWDQGDUG$QVVDUL*KDUDFKHGDJK\jVSHWLWLRQ VWDWHVWKDW8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYLFHHPSOR\HHVOHGKLPWR PXVWIDLO,16UHJXODWLRQVVWDWHWKDWLQRUGHUWRDSSHDOWKH EHOLHYH WKDW PDLOLQJ WKH QRWLFH RI DSSHDO WR WKH %RDUG YLD GHFLVLRQ RI DQ LPPLJUDWLRQ MXGJH D SHWLWLRQHU PXVW ILOH D FHUWLILHGPDLOZRXOGHQVXUHWLPHO\UHFHLSWRIWKHQRWLFH%XW QRWLFH RI DSSHDO mGLUHFWO\ ZLWK WKH %RDUG RI ,PPLJUDWLRQ QHLWKHUWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHjVSURYLVLRQRILQFRUUHFWLQIRUPDWLRQ $SSHDOV ZLWKLQ  FDOHQGDU GD\V DIWHU WKH VWDWLQJ RI >WKH QRU LWV IDLOXUH WR GHOLYHU WKH QRWLFH RQ WLPH FRQVWLWXWHV DQ MXGJHjV@GHFLVLRQl&)5† E 7KHGDWHRIILOLQJWKH H[WUDRUGLQDU\FLUFXPVWDQFHWKDWZRXOGMXVWLI\LQWHUYHQWLRQE\ QRWLFHRIDSSHDOLVWKHGDWHWKH%RDUGUHFHLYHVWKH1RWLFH6HH WKLV FRXUW LQWR WKH %RDUGjV H[HUFLVH RI GLVFUHWLRQ  6HH †  F   7KH %RDUG PD\ VXPPDULO\ GLVPLVV XQWLPHO\ 7DODPDQWHV3HQDOYHU Y ,16  )G   WK &LU DSSHDOV6HH† G  )   LQZKLFKWKHFRXUWVDLG