NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
File Name: 10a0495n.06
No. 09-3268 FILED
Aug 10, 2010
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS LEONARD GREEN, Clerk
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
ALMA VUSHAJ, )
)
Petitioner, )
)
v. ) PETITION FOR REVIEW OF AN
) ORDER OF THE BOARD OF
) IMMIGRATION APPEALS
ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., Attorney General, )
)
Respondent. )
Before: SILER and SUTTON, Circuit Judges; CLELAND, District Judge.*
SILER, Circuit Judge. Alma Vushaj is a native and citizen of Albania who attempted to
enter the United States illegally. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”), now the
Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”),1 charged her as inadmissible and initiated exclusion
proceedings. Vushaj applied for asylum and withholding of removal, but the Immigration Judge
(“IJ”) denied her application for relief and ordered her removed to Albania. The Board of
Immigration Appeals (“BIA” or “Board”), and later the Sixth Circuit, dismissed her appeals. Vushaj
then moved the Board to reopen her case. The motion was untimely, and the Board denied her
*
The Honorable Robert H. Cleland, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of
Michigan, sitting by designation.
1
The INS was responsible for immigration matters at the time Vushaj entered the United
States. On March 1, 2003, the functions of the former INS were transferred from the Department
of Justice to the newly-established DHS. See Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-926,
116 Stat. 2135 (Nov. 25, 2002).
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Vushaj v. Holder
motion because it found that she failed to show materially changed conditions in Albania that would
entitle her to a new hearing. Vushaj now petitions for review of this denial. For the reasons
explained below, we DENY her petition for review.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Vushaj entered the United States on a false passport in December 1992. Upon arrival in the
United States, she was placed in exclusion proceedings and charged with inadmissibility under §§
212(a)(6)(C)(i) and 212(a)(7)(A)(i)(I) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”). She
conceded inadmissibility and filed an application for asylum and withholding of removal based on
her fear of political persecution in Albania. She claimed her family suffered persecution in Albania
for their membership in the Democratic Party, and she alleged fear of “rape or being killed” if
returned to Albania.
At the only relevant hearing before an IJ, Vushaj established past persecution, but the DHS
rebutted the regulatory presumption of future persecution created by that finding under 8 C.F.R. §
208.13(b)(1)(i) by establishing a “substantial change in country conditions and circumstances” since
Vushaj’s departure from Albania. Relying mainly on State Department reports on Albania,2 the IJ
found that any danger to Vushaj would be the result of the “high crime and violence” prevalent in
Albania, rather than any politically motivated persecution for her association with the Democratic
Party. As a result, the IJ denied Vushaj’s requests for relief and ordered her removed to Albania.
2
Vushaj challenged the use of these Country Reports in her original appeal and in her motion
to reopen; however, because she failed to raise the issue on this appeal, she has waived it. See
Langley v. DaimlerChrysler Corp., 502 F.3d 475, 483 (6th Cir. 2007).
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The Board found no error in the IJ’s decision and dismissed Vushaj’s appeal in 2006. We denied
her petition for review on July 10, 2008.
Vushaj moved the Board to reopen its decision on August 7, 2008, over two years after its
final decision. She claimed that “conditions in Albania have deteriorated” since her last hearing,
entitling her to either a grant of asylum or the reopening of her case. In support of this claim, she
attached affidavits from her parents and an expert on Balkan country conditions. The Board denied
the motion to reopen in 2009. It reasoned that the attached affidavits attested to events predating the
Board’s decision, and “there is no adequate explanation for why the evidence was not presented in
a timely manner.” Vushaj now seeks review of this denial.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review the Board’s denial of a motion to reopen for an abuse of discretion. Haddad v.
Gonzales, 437 F.3d 515, 517 (6th Cir. 2006). We review legal issues in a motion to reopen de novo.
Id.
DISCUSSION
I. Standard
After the BIA has rendered a decision dismissing an appeal from an order denying asylum
or withholding of removal, an alien may file a motion to reopen with the BIA. 8 U.S.C.
§1229a(c)(7); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a). Generally, such a motion must be filed within ninety days of
the date of final decision. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i). However, an alien may seek to reopen her
application for asylum or withholding of removal at any time if the motion is “based on changed
country conditions arising in the country of nationality or the country to which removal has been
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ordered, if such evidence is material and was not available and would not have been discovered or
presented at the previous proceeding.” § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii); see 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii). The
motion to reopen must therefore state new facts that the alien seeks to prove at a hearing should the
motion be granted. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1).
When an alien files an untimely motion to reopen under § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii), the newly
discovered facts of changed country conditions must support her underlying claims for asylum or
withholding of removal. The BIA has broad discretion to grant or deny motions to reopen. 8 C.F.R.
§ 1003.2(a). It abuses its discretion if it denies a motion to reopen “without a rational explanation,
inexplicably depart[s] from established policies, or rest[s] on an impermissible basis such as
invidious discrimination against a particular race or group.” Haddad, 437 F.3d at 517. In other
words, the BIA may not “exercise its discretion in a way that is arbitrary, irrational or contrary to
law.” Daneshvar v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 615, 625-26 (6th Cir. 2004) (citing Babai v. INS, 985 F.2d
252, 255 (6th Cir. 1993)).
II. Application
Vushaj’s untimely motion to reopen must state changed country conditions that were
undiscoverable at her prior hearing. She bears the burden of alleging, with reasonable specificity,
that conditions in Albania have changed since the Board’s final decision on June 6, 2006, in such
a way that she would now face persecution if returned to that country. See Harchenko v. INS, 379
F.3d 405, 409 (6th Cir. 2004) (finding 90-day filing deadline does not apply to motion to reopen
“filed by aliens seeking asylum or withholding of deportation based on changed country
circumstances”). She has failed to meet that burden.
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Vushaj’s motion contains several conclusory statements that do not constitute “new facts.”
Her most specific allegation is that “delayed local and regional elections continued the Socialist
Party’s stranglehold on the local and regional level which leads to the national government’s
inability to protect the Movant or her children.” Even assuming that this is a new fact, this allegation
applies to the population as a whole, and Vushaj’s motion and brief fail to connect the political
instability in Albania with her own situation. See id. at 410.
Vushaj also submitted an affidavit from Prenk Camaj, an expert on Albania.3 The Board
found that Camaj’s affidavit “attests to events that predate our prior decision.” This is not entirely
true. Although Camaj included a great deal of historical background, he did attest to at least three
political developments since June 2006: (1) the upheaval in the Parliament in July 2006; (2) the 2007
elections in which the Socialist Party regained control over local and regional governments; and (3)
his claim that political killings have “reached a peak” in 2007 and 2008. However, Camaj’s affidavit
failed to show that Vushaj will be subject to individual persecution as a result of the political tension
he describes. Additionally, Vushaj did not submit any other evidence to corroborate this affidavit.
These allegations, without additional support, do not carry the heavy burden of showing that Vushaj
would face a real threat of individual persecution if returned to Albania.4
3
Vushaj’s motion to reopen also included affidavits from her father and mother. Neither
affidavit states any specific facts that tend to prove changed country conditions since 2006.
4
Camaj’s affidavit also includes an allegation that Vushaj would be vulnerable to forced
prostitution as “political retribution,” and because she is “pretty.” This allegation is speculative and
conclusory. See Harchenko, 379 F.3d at 410 (“[A]n alien filing a motion to reopen based on
changed country conditions ‘cannot rely on speculative conclusions or mere assertions of fear of
possible persecution …’”).
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The Board's decision that “the evidence submitted in the motion does not establish changed
country conditions subsequent to our prior decision that establish a particularized claim for the
applicant that would warrant reopening,” did not inexplicably depart from established policies, nor
was it arbitrary or irrational. The decision was consistent with statutory and regulatory standards and
as such was not an abuse of discretion.
PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.
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