Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed August 1, 2013.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
NO. 14-12-00042-CR
EX PARTE JOSE LUIS BECERRA
On Appeal from the 268th District Court
Fort Bend County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 07-DCR-048284
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Jose Luis Becerra appeals from the trial court’s order denying his
application for writ of habeas corpus alleging ineffective assistance of counsel in
advising about the immigration consequences of a guilty plea. Because immigration
consequences are considered collateral to a guilty plea, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
Becerra is a permanent legal resident of the United States. In March 2007,
Becerra was indicted for Indecency with a Child by Sexual Contact, a second degree
felony, in Fort Bend County. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 21.11 (West 2011). Pursuant
to a plea bargain, Becerra pled guilty to Injury to a Child, a third degree felony, in
December 2007. See id. § 22.04. After Becerra pled guilty, the trial court placed him
on four years deferred adjudication probation. Becerra successfully completed
probation, and the charges against him were dismissed in January 2012.
As a result of his 2007 guilty plea, the federal government initiated deportation
proceedings against Becerra.1 In 2011, Becerra filed an Application for Writ of Habeas
Corpus, alleging that his attorney did not properly advise him that his plea of guilty
would result in almost certain deportation. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 11.072
(West 2011). The trial court denied Becerra’s application, and Becerra now appeals.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
An applicant seeking post-conviction habeas corpus relief bears the burden of
establishing his claims by a preponderance of the evidence. Ex Parte Richardson, 70
S.W.3d 865, 870 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). An appellate court reviewing a trial court’s
ruling on a habeas application must review the record evidence in the light most
favorable to the trial court’s ruling and must uphold that ruling absent an abuse of
discretion. Kniatt v. State, 206 S.W.3d 657, 664 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).
ANALYSIS
Becerra contends the trial court erred in denying his habeas writ. In a single
issue, he relies exclusively on the Supreme Court’s holding in Padilla v. Kentucky. 130
S. Ct. 1473, 1486 (2010). In Padilla, the Court held that counsel “must inform her
client whether his plea carries a risk of deportation.” Id. Becerra argues that Padilla
required his attorney to advise him that if he pled guilty, he would certainly be deported
due to the nature of the offense. Because his attorney did not advise him of the certainty
of his deportation, Becerra argues his plea was involuntary.
1
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement served Becerra with a notice to appear as a result
of his 2007 plea bargain. A hearing was scheduled for October 31, 2012. The result of that hearing
does not appear in the appellate record.
2
The Supreme Court recently held, however, that Padilla does not have a
retroactive effect; thus, defendants convicted prior to Padilla cannot benefit from its
holding. Chaidez v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 1103, 1113 (2013). In addition, the Texas
Court of Criminal Appeals has held that Padilla’s rule does not apply retroactively
under the Texas Constitution. Ex Parte De Los Reyes, 392 S.W.3d 675, 679 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2013).
In this case, Becerra was convicted in 2007, three years prior to the 2010 Padilla
holding. Because Padilla does not apply retroactively, Becerra cannot benefit from its
holding. Accordingly, pre-Padilla law applies to his habeas writ alleging ineffective
assistance of counsel.
Under pre-Padilla law, ineffective assistance of counsel in a criminal prosecution
does not extend to collateral aspects like immigration consequences. Ex Parte Luna,
No. 14-11-01063-CR, 2013 WL 1197777, at *4 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
March 26, 2013, no pet.). Becerra had no constitutional right to effective assistance in
warning about the collateral immigration consequences of his guilty plea. Therefore,
we overrule Becerra’s single issue and hold the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
denying Becerra’s habeas application.
CONCLUSION
Having overruled Becerra’s issue on appeal, we affirm the trial court’s denial of
his application for writ of habeas corpus.
/s/ J. Brett Busby
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Boyce, Jamison, and Busby.
Do Not Publish — TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
3