United States v. Miguel Mariscal, Jr.

NONPRECEDENTIALȱDISPOSITION Toȱbeȱcitedȱonlyȱinȱaccordanceȱwith ȱFed.ȱR.ȱApp.ȱP.ȱ32.1 United States Court of Appeals ForȱtheȱSeventhȱCircuit Chicago,ȱIllinoisȱ60604 SubmittedȱFebruaryȱ10,ȱ2010 DecidedȱFebruaryȱ11,ȱ2010 Before RICHARDȱA.ȱPOSNER,ȱCircuitȱJudge JOHNȱDANIELȱTINDER,ȱCircuitȱJudge DAVIDȱF.ȱHAMILTON,ȱCircuitȱJudge No.ȱ09Ȭ2301 UNITEDȱSTATESȱOFȱAMERICA, AppealȱfromȱtheȱUnitedȱStatesȱDistrict PlaintiffȬAppellee, CourtȱforȱtheȱSouthernȱDistrictȱofȱIllinois. v. No.ȱ07Ȭ30182Ȭ01ȬWDS MIGUELȱMARISCAL,ȱJR., WilliamȱD.ȱStiehl,ȱ DefendantȬAppellant. Judge. OȱRȱDȱEȱR MiguelȱMariscalȱpleadedȱguiltyȱtoȱconspiracyȱtoȱdistributeȱcocaineȱandȱmarijuana, conspiracyȱtoȱpossessȱcocaineȱandȱmarijuanaȱwithȱtheȱintentȱtoȱdistribute,ȱandȱpossessionȱof cocaineȱwithȱtheȱintentȱtoȱdistribute.ȱȱSeeȱ21ȱU.S.C.ȱ§§ȱ846,ȱ841(a)(1).ȱȱHeȱwasȱsentencedȱto 240ȱmonths’ȱimprisonment.ȱȱMariscalȱappeals,ȱbutȱhisȱappointedȱcounselȱseeksȱtoȱwithdraw pursuantȱtoȱAndersȱv.ȱCalifornia,ȱ386ȱU.S.ȱ738ȱ(1967),ȱbecauseȱsheȱcannotȱidentifyȱany nonfrivolousȱissuesȱtoȱraiseȱonȱMariscal’sȱbehalf.ȱȱWeȱconfineȱourȱreviewȱtoȱtheȱpotential issuesȱidentifiedȱinȱcounsel’sȱfaciallyȱadequateȱbriefȱandȱMariscal’sȱresponseȱunderȱCircuit Ruleȱ51(b).ȱȱSeeȱUnitedȱStatesȱv.ȱSchuh,ȱ289ȱF.3dȱ968,ȱ973–74ȱ(7thȱCir.ȱ2002).ȱȱWeȱgrant counsel’sȱmotionȱtoȱwithdrawȱandȱdismissȱMariscal’sȱappeal. Mariscal’sȱpleaȱagreementȱcontainedȱaȱwaiverȱprecludingȱhimȱfromȱappealingȱor challengingȱhisȱconvictionȱorȱsentenceȱunderȱanyȱprovisionȱofȱfederalȱlawȱunlessȱheȱwas No.ȱ09Ȭ2301 Pageȱ2 sentencedȱtoȱaȱtermȱofȱimprisonmentȱaboveȱhisȱguidelinesȱrange.ȱȱItȱalsoȱcontainedȱan estimateȱofȱMariscal’sȱoffenseȱlevelȱandȱcriminalȬhistoryȱcategoryȱunderȱtheȱsentencing guidelines.ȱȱButȱbothȱMariscalȱandȱtheȱgovernmentȱwereȱsurprisedȱbyȱtheȱpresentence investigationȱreport,ȱwhichȱcalculatedȱanȱoffenseȱlevelȱandȱcriminalȬhistoryȱcategoryȱgreater thanȱeitherȱpartyȱhadȱanticipated.ȱȱMariscalȱthoughtȱhisȱlawyerȱhadȱmisledȱhimȱandȱmoved toȱwithdrawȱtheȱplea.ȱȱTheȱdistrictȱcourtȱappointedȱaȱnewȱlawyer,ȱandȱafterȱconsultingȱwith him,ȱMariscalȱchangedȱhisȱmindȱandȱwithdrewȱhisȱmotion.ȱȱTheȱdistrictȱcourtȱadoptedȱthe presentenceȱinvestigationȱreport’sȱcalculations,ȱgrantedȱtheȱgovernment’sȱmotionȱforȱa belowȬguidelinesȱsentenceȱinȱrecognitionȱofȱtheȱsubstantialȱassistanceȱMariscalȱhad provided,ȱandȱsentencedȱMariscalȱtoȱ240ȱmonths’ȱimprisonment. Mariscalȱadvisedȱcounselȱthatȱheȱhasȱchangedȱhisȱmindȱagainȱandȱnowȱwishesȱto withdrawȱhisȱplea,ȱsoȱcounselȱproperlyȱconsidersȱchallengingȱwhetherȱtheȱpleaȱwas knowingȱandȱvoluntary.ȱȱWeȱagreeȱwithȱcounselȱthatȱtheȱonlyȱpossibleȱerrorȱtheȱdistrict courtȱcommittedȱduringȱtheȱchangeȬofȬpleaȱcolloquyȱwasȱneglectingȱtoȱinformȱMariscalȱof hisȱrightȱtoȱpersistȱinȱhisȱpleaȱofȱnotȱguilty.ȱȱSeeȱFED.ȱR.ȱCRIM.ȱP.ȱ11(b)(1)(B).ȱȱButȱtheȱerrorȱis harmlessȱbecause,ȱhavingȱpreviouslyȱmovedȱtoȱwithdrawȱhisȱguiltyȱplea,ȱMariscalȱalready knewȱtheȱinformationȱtheȱdistrictȱcourtȱomitted.ȱȱSeeȱUnitedȱStatesȱv.ȱDriver,ȱ242ȱF.3dȱ767,ȱ769 (7thȱCir.ȱ2001).ȱȱMariscal’sȱpleaȱagreementȱalsoȱadvisedȱhimȱofȱthisȱright. CounselȱnextȱconsidersȱchallengingȱMariscal’sȱsentence.ȱȱButȱasȱcounselȱproperly observes,ȱMariscal’sȱappealȱwaiverȱforeclosesȱanyȱchallengeȱtoȱhisȱsentenceȱexceptȱaȱclaim thatȱitȱexceededȱtheȱstatutoryȱmaximum,ȱthatȱtheȱdistrictȱcourtȱreliedȱonȱanȱunconstitutional factor,ȱorȱthatȱtheȱappealȱwaiverȱitselfȱwasȱtheȱproductȱofȱineffectiveȱassistance.ȱȱSeeȱUnited Statesȱv.ȱLockwood,ȱ416ȱF.3dȱ604,ȱ608ȱ(7thȱCir.ȱ2005);ȱUnitedȱStatesȱv.ȱBownes,ȱ405ȱF.3dȱ634,ȱ637 (7thȱCir.ȱ2005);ȱJonesȱv.ȱUnitedȱStates,ȱ167ȱF.3dȱ1142,ȱ1145ȱ(7thȱCir.ȱ1999). Mariscal’sȱresponseȱtoȱcounsel’sȱmotionȱdoesȱcontainȱallegationsȱthatȱtheȱlawyerȱwho negotiatedȱtheȱappealȱwaiverȱprovidedȱineffectiveȱassistance.ȱȱAnȱineffectiveȬassistance claim,ȱhowever,ȱisȱbestȱraisedȱonȱcollateralȱreview,ȱwhereȱaȱcompleteȱrecordȱcanȱbe developed.ȱȱMassaroȱv.ȱUnitedȱStates,ȱ538ȱU.S.ȱ500,ȱ504ȱ(2003);ȱUnitedȱStatesȱv.ȱHarris,ȱ394ȱF.3d 543,ȱ557–58ȱ(7thȱCir.ȱ2005). WeȱGRANTȱcounsel’sȱmotionȱtoȱwithdrawȱandȱDISMISSȱMariscal’sȱappeal.