Opinions of the United
2007 Decisions States Court of Appeals
for the Third Circuit
1-12-2007
USA v. Rivera
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential
Docket No. 05-1937
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"USA v. Rivera" (2007). 2007 Decisions. Paper 1774.
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No. 05-1937
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
v.
ISAAC RIVERA,
aka, ISAAC BURGOS,
aka, ISAAC BONILLA,
Isacc Rivera,
Appellant
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey
(D.C. No. 01-0373)
District Judge: Honorable Freda L. Wolfson
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a),
November 27, 2006
Before: FUENTES, GARTH, Circuit Judges, and POLLAK,* District Judge.
(Filed: January 12, 2007)
*
Honorable Louis H. Pollak, Senior District Judge for the United States District
Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
______________
OPINION
______________
FUENTES, Circuit Judge.
Isaac Rivera appeals his sentence, which was imposed after he pled guilty pursuant
to a plea agreement with the United States.1 For the reasons stated below, we hold that
the District Court imposed a reasonable sentence that adequately accounts for Rivera’s
cooperation with the Government, and that the District Court properly considered all of
the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors.
I.
In our previous opinion in this case, United States v. Rivera, 357 F.3d 290 (3d Cir.
2004) (“Rivera I”), we described the following relevant background:
From approximately June 2000 until on or about June 5, 2001,
Rivera led a drug trafficking conspiracy that imported kilogram-quantities
of cocaine powder from his suppliers in Puerto Rico, converted some of that
powder into cocaine base, and distributed the cocaine and cocaine base in
Camden, New Jersey. On October 9, 2001, a federal grand jury returned a
two-count indictment against Rivera. Count One charged him with
conspiracy to distribute and to possess with intent to distribute more than 50
grams of cocaine base and more than five kilograms of cocaine powder in
violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. Count Two charged possession with intent to
1
As this Court noted in its February 9, 2004 opinion, the underlying indictment in
this case named Rivera as Isaac Burgos a/k/a Isaac Bonilla a/k/a Isaac Rivera. With both
parties’ consent, at the change of plea hearing, the District Court granted a motion to
deem changed all pleadings and documents to reflect that the defendant (now appellant)’s
true name is Isaac Rivera, with Burgos and Bonilla listed as aliases.
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distribute more than 500 grams of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. §
841(a)(1). On November 7, 2001, Rivera and the United States entered into
an agreement which provided, among other things, that Rivera would plead
guilty to Count One of the indictment and the United States would dismiss
Count Two.
...
The district court ultimately adopted the factual findings and
recommendations of the Presentence Report and, . . . sentenced Rivera to a
324 months term of imprisonment and supervised release of five years.
Id. at 291-93.
In Rivera I we vacated Rivera’s 324 month sentence because at sentencing the
Government had advocated for a Total Offense Level that was four levels above the
parties’ stipulated level in their cooperating plea agreement: the parties had stipulated to a
Total Offense Level of 35 and the government advocated for a Total Offense Level of 39.
We remanded Rivera’s case for resentencing before a different judge.
On March 18, 2005, the District Court resentenced Rivera. The Court adopted the
uncontested factual findings of the PSR and the probation officer’s calculation of a
Criminal History Category of III. Following the plea agreement, the Court calculated a
Total Offense Level of 35, making the applicable guidelines range 210 to 262 months.
The Court sentenced Rivera to 216 months’ imprisonment. This appeal followed.
On appeal, Rivera argues that the District Court failed to consider sufficiently his
cooperation with the government and as a result sentenced him to a greater amount of
time than necessary, in contravention of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). Rivera also argues that his
sentence does not comport with his similarly situated co-defendants’ sentences, in
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violation of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6).
II.
We review a District Court’s imposition of a criminal sentence for reasonableness.
United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 261 (2005); U.S. v. Dragon, 2006 WL 3821402, at
*3 (3d Cir. 2006); United States v. Cooper, 437 F.3d 324, 329 (3d Cir. 2006). Cooper
established the framework for this undertaking, explaining that “we must first be satisfied
the court exercised its discretion by considering the relevant factors.” 437 F.3d at 329.
“[T]he court is not required to discuss and make findings as to each of the § 3553(a)
factors ‘if the record makes clear the court took the factors into account in sentencing.’ ”
Dragon, 2006 WL 3821402, at *3 (quoting Cooper, 437 F.3d at 329). Nor are there any
magic words that a district judge must use when sentencing, as long as the record shows
“that the court considered the § 3553(a) factors and any sentencing grounds properly
raised by the parties which have recognized legal merit and factual support in the record.”
437 F.3d at 329. And, as simply put in Dragon, “district judges are not required . . . to
routinely state that the sentence imposed is the minimum sentence necessary to achieve
the purposes set forth in § 3553(a)(2).” 2006 WL 3821402, *4.
Considering these principles, Rivera’s appeal is without merit because the record
reveals that the resentencing court carefully considered the extent of Rivera’s cooperation
and the relevance of his co-defendants’ sentences. The Court separately addressed each
of the § 3553(a) factors and noted, with respect to the history and characteristics of the
4
offense, as follows:
I have been presented material from defense counsel with regard to Mr.
Rivera’s efforts to cooperate with the government or give some information
that might be useful. I’ve heard from the government that none of that was
in fact substantial assistance and there is no 5K application.
I note that no pleas, no charges et cetera ha[ve] resulted from them. I
will, however, certainly consider that he has made attempts to provide
information and cooperate, which may be part of his efforts to rehabilitate
himself.
(App. at 160.) The Court then addressed Rivera’s co-defendants’ sentences:
I have looked at the various sentences as well that have been imposed on
others that were related to this offense. I know that has been commented
upon by defense counsel as well. I note in that regard some of the sentences
have been very substantial, 262 months, 188 months, 200 months, 100
months, some of whom were involved in a lesser way as well.
Of course to the extent that the defendant has urged that the Court
impose a sentence of the mandatory minimum of 10 years, . . . I find that
that sentence would be out-of-line in connection with the others that have
been provided . . . based upon this defendant’s involvement and the
seriousness.
(App. at 161.) Finally, the District Court stated its appreciation that the Sentencing
Guidelines are advisory and expressed that it found, in Rivera’s case, that a sentence at
the bottom of the guidelines range was consistent with what the Court found appropriate,
and no greater than necessary, considering the§ 3553(a) factors.
Based on this record it is abundantly clear that the District Court gave meaningful
consideration to the extent of Rivera’s cooperation, to his co-defendants’ sentences, and
to all of the relevant provisions of § 3553(a). See Cooper, 437 F.3d at 329. We afford
5
deference to the District Court because it is “in the best position to determine the
appropriate sentence in light of the particular circumstances of the case.” Id. at 330
(citation omitted).
III.
We have considered all of Rivera’s remaining arguments and conclude that they
are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the District Court’s
sentence was reasonable under Booker and Cooper. Accordingly, we will affirm the
judgment of sentence.
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