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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 13-13253
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 1:03-cr-00089-CB-C-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
DONNIE JOE SINGLETON,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Alabama
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(March 19, 2014)
Before TJOFLAT, WILSON and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Appellant Donnie Joe Singleton argues that his sentence is procedurally
unreasonable because the district court failed to consider the statutory sentencing
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factors and relied upon a clearly erroneous fact in imposing his sentence. The
United States maintains that the district court’s decision was explicitly guided by
the §3553(a) factors, and the court did not base its sentence on its belief that
Singleton had committed a new offense. Upon careful review of the record and the
parties’ briefs, we affirm Singleton’s sentence imposed for violation of his release.
I.
In 2003, Singleton pled guilty to receiving child pornography, in violation of
18 U.S.C. § 2252A(a)(2)(A); possessing child pornography, in violation of 18
U.S.C. § 2252A(a)(5)(B); and receiving obscene matter, in violation of 18 U.S.C.
§ 1462. The district court sentenced him to a total of 33 months’ imprisonment, to
be served consecutively to a state-court sentence, and to be followed by three years
of supervised release. After his release, on May 22, 2013, following a search of
Singleton’s residence and subsequent investigation, the Probation Office filed a
petition to revoke Singleton’s supervised release. According to the amended
petition, two probation officers visited Singleton’s home on April 10, 2013. When
they asked Singleton whether his home had internet service and whether he used
computers to access the internet, he said “no.” The Probation Office confiscated
his computers, which were analyzed and found to contain evidence of child
exploitation and internet use. On May 24, 2013, Singleton was arrested and,
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pursuant to a warrant, the government confiscated his laptop computers and other
computer equipment.
The district court held a revocation hearing, analyzing the parties’ requests
for sentences, and noting that even if the computers belonged to Singleton’s wife,
he had been using them. The district court judge imposed a 12-month sentence
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3), followed by 24 months of supervision.
Singleton did not object to the sentence after it was imposed.
In his present appeal of the 12-month sentence, Singleton argues that it is
procedurally unreasonable because: (1) the district court failed to consider the
statutory sentencing factors in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a); and (2) the court relied on a
clearly erroneous fact, namely, an unproven allegation that Singleton had
committed a new child pornography or obscenity offense.
II.
We generally review a sentence imposed upon revocation of supervised
release for reasonableness, see United States v. Sweeting, 437 F.3d 1105, 1106–07
(11th Cir. 2006) (per curiam), reviewing the district court’s findings of fact for
clear error, and the application of the Sentencing Guidelines to those facts de novo,
see United States v. Pham, 463 F.3d 1239, 1245 (11th Cir. 2006) (per curiam).
However, when an alleged error is not raised in the district court, it is reviewed on
appeal for plain error. See United States v. Rodriguez, 627 F.3d 1372, 1380 (11th
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Cir. 2010). To show plain error, a petitioner must show that: “(1) an error
occurred; (2) the error was plain; (3) it affected [her] substantial rights; and (4) it
seriously affected the fairness of the judicial proceedings.” Id. (internal quotation
marks omitted). Where the explicit language of a statute or rule does not directly
resolve an issue, there can be no plain error without binding precedent resolving
the issue. United States v. Lejarde-Rada, 319 F.3d 1288, 1291 (11th Cir. 2003)
(per curiam). The party challenging the sentence bears the burden of showing that
it was unreasonable. United States v. Talley, 431 F.3d 784, 788 (11th Cir. 2005)
(per curiam).
Upon determining that a defendant violated a condition of supervised
release, the district court may revoke the term of supervision and impose a term of
imprisonment after considering: (1) the applicable guideline range; (2) the nature
and circumstances of the offense and the defendant’s history and characteristics;
(3) the need for the sentence imposed to afford adequate deterrence, protect the
public, and effectively provide the defendant with needed training, medical care, or
other correctional treatment; (4) the applicable Sentencing Commission policy
statements; (5) the need to avoid unwarranted sentence disparities; and (6) the need
to provide restitution. 18 U.S.C. §§ 3583(e); see United States v. Campbell, 473
F.3d 1345, 1348 (11th Cir. 2007) (per curiam).
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In reviewing the procedural reasonableness of a sentence, we consider
whether the district court failed to calculate or improperly calculated the guideline
range. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51, 128 S. Ct. 586, 597 (2007). We also
ensure that the district court treated the Guidelines as advisory, considered the §
3553(a) factors, did not select a sentence based on clearly erroneous facts, and
adequately explained the chosen sentence. Id. While a sentencing court is not
required to state that it explicitly has considered each of the § 3553(a) factors or
discuss each factor, it should set forth enough to satisfy the appellate court that it
has considered the parties’ arguments and has a reasoned basis for exercising its
legal decision-making authority. See United States v. Agbai, 497 F.3d 1226, 1230
(11th Cir. 2007) (per curiam). The court’s acknowledgment that it has considered
the § 3553(a) factors together with the parties’ arguments is sufficient. Talley, 431
F.3d at 786.
III.
On appeal, Singleton does not challenge the calculation of his guideline
range. See Gall, 552 U.S. at 51, 128 S. Ct. at 597. Also, because Singleton did not
raise the arguments that he raises on appeal before the district court, they are
reviewed for plain error. See Rodriguez, 627 F.3d at 1380.
With respect to his first argument, Singleton has not shown that the district
court failed to consider the § 3553(a) factors. As this court has explained, the
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district court is not required to state on the record that it explicitly considered each
of the § 3553(a) factors. United States v. Scott, 426 F.3d 1324, 1329 (11th Cir.
2009). Moreover, the district court explicitly considered Singleton’s applicable
advisory guideline range, the circumstances of his violation, and the parties’
arguments. The court considered the guideline range and maximum allowable
sentencing, stating that it considered the “Chapter 7 provisions” of the Sentencing
Guidelines, which include the § 3553(a) factors. See U.S.S.G. Ch. 7, Pt. B, intro.
comment, (explaining that, “upon consideration of the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C.
§ 3553(a),” a court may impose imprisonment where a defendant has violated the
conditions of his release); Gall, 552 U.S. at 51, 128 S. Ct. at 597.
With respect to Singleton’s second argument, it does appear that the district
court implied that a new criminal offense was present. Although Singleton
admitted the violations alleged in the revocation petition—that he possessed or
used a computer with internet access without the Probation Office’s permission
and failed to answer the inquiries truthfully—he did not explicitly admit the
allegations in the petition stating that data consistent with child pornography was
found on one of his computers, and the government did not present additional
evidence supporting those allegations. Also, in response to the government’s
statement that it could not yet prove a new offense, the court stated
“Circumstantially, it’s certainly there,” and later added “[I]t would appear to me
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without too much doubt that this case isn’t going to end with this revocation.”
However, the district court did not state that the imposed sentence was premised on
the fact that he had committed such an offense. It is evident that following
Singleton’s admission that he had violated the terms of his supervised release, the
district court based its sentence upon consideration of the applicable guideline
range as well as Singleton’s history and characteristics.
Furthermore, even if the district court based Singleton’s sentence in part on
an unproven allegation, he has not met his burden of establishing that the court
committed plain error under the facts presented here. In particular, he has not
cited, nor are we aware of, any binding precedent holding that, where a defendant
admits the violations alleged in a revocation petition, and does not object to any of
the factual allegations in the petition, the district court commits reversible error by
basing a revocation sentence, in part, on those unobjected-to allegations.1 See
Lejarde-Rada, 319 F.3d at 1291; cf. United States v. Bennett, 472 F.3d 825, 833–
34 (11th Cir. 2006) (per curiam) (explaining that the failure to object to factual
allegations in a presentence investigation report admits those facts for sentencing
purposes). Accordingly, we affirm Singleton’s sentence.
1
Appellant cites one unpublished decision in which this court vacated and remanded a
release-revocation sentence on the ground that the district court had based the sentence on the
government’s unproven allegation that the defendant had attempted to commit an offense similar
to the one for which he previously had been convicted. See United States v. Lazo-Martinez, 460
F.App’x 879, 883 (11th Cir. 2012) (per curiam). However, in Lazo-Martinez, the defendant,
unlike Singleton, objected to the erroneous finding of the district court, and the district court
gave very few justifications for the post-revocation sentence that it imposed. See id. at 881.
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AFFIRMED.
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