FILED
OCT 15,2015
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, )
) No. 32659-4-111
Respondent, )
)
v. )
)
JOSE LUIS NIEVES, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
Appellant. )
Brown, J. Jose Luis Nieves appeals the imposition of discretionary legal
financial obligations (LFOs) by the Grant County Superior Court at his resentencing for
convictions of first degree assault, intimidating a public servant, drive-by shooting, and
unlawful possession of a firearm. The case facts are explained in this court's opinion
reversing three intimidation convictions and need not be restated because they are not
relevant to this appeal. See State v. Nieves, unpublished opinion no. 30340-3-111, noted at
2013 WL 1908319 (Wa. Ct. App. 2013). Mr. Nieves contends (1) the trial court failed to
make an individualized determination of his present and future ability to pay, and (2) his
defense counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to object to the LFOs. Because
Mr. Nieves did not raise the LFO issue before the trial court at sentencing or at
resentencing, we exercise our discretion under RAP 2.5(a) and decline to address his frrst
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, )
) No. 32659-4-III
Respondent, )
)
v. )
)
JOSE LUIS NIEVES, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
Appellant. )
Brown, J. - Jose Luis Nieves appeals the imposition of discretionary legal
financial obligations (LFOs) by the Grant County Superior Court at his resentencing for
convictions of first degree assault, intimidating a public servant, drive-by shooting, and
unlawful possession of a firearm. The case facts are explained in this court's opinion
reversing three 'intimidation convictions and need not be restated because they are not
relevant to this appeal. See State v. Nieves, unpublished opinion no. 30340-3-III, noted at
2013 WL 1908319 (Wa. Ct. App. 2013). Mr. Nieves contends (1) the trial court failed to
make an individualized determination of his present and future ability to pay, and (2) his
defense counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to object to the LFOs. Because
Mr. Nieves did not raise the LFO issue before the trial court at sentencing or at
resentencing, we exercise our discretion under RAP 2.5(a) and decline to address his first
No. 32659-4-II1
State v. Nieves
contention, and conclude Mr. Nieves fails to establish ineffective assistance of counsel.
Accordingly, we affinn.
FACTS
Without objection or discussion, the trial court originally imposed the following
LFOs: victim assessment ($500), criminal filing fee ($200), sheriff service fees ($183),
court appointed attorney fees ($500), and DNA I collection fee ($100), for a total of
$1,523. On remand, the State elected to dismiss the intimidation charges. Mr. Nieves
was resentenced on the remaining convictions. Again, neither party nor the trial court
mentioned the LFOs at resentencing. As in the first judgment and sentence, the amended
judgment and sentence contained boilerplate findings on Mr. Nieves's ability to pay the
financial obligations:
The court has considered the total amount owing, the defendant's past,
present, and future ability to pay legal financial obligations, including the
defendant's financial resources and the likelihood that the defendant's
status will change. The court finds ... [t]hat the defendant has the ability
or likely future ability to pay the legal financial obligations imposed herein.
Clerk's Papers at 93. The trial court imposed identical LFOs in the amended judgment
and sentence, except that it deleted the $500 fee for the court appointed attorney. The
amended total for the LFOs was $1,023.
I Deoxyribonucleic acid.
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No. 32659-4-III
State v. Nieves
A. Discretionary LFOs
For the first time on appeal, Mr. Nieves contends the trial court violated RCW
10.01.160(3) when it ordered him to pay discretionary LFOs without considering his
present or likely future ability to pay. 2 RCW 10.01.160(3) states the court "shall not
order a defendant to pay costs unless the defendant is or will be able to pay them." The
court must take into account the financial resources of the defendant and the burden of
the costs. RCW 10.01.160(3). Each judge must "conduct a case-by-case analysis and
arrive at an LFO order appropriate to the individual defendant's circumstances." State v.
Blazina, 182 Wn.2d 827, 834, 344 P.3d 680 (2015). Our record shows the trial court did
not address Mr. Nieves' financial resources before imposing the LFOs.
Mr. Nieves did not, however, challenge the imposition of the discretionary LFOs
at his first sentencing or his resentencing hearings. In Blazina, 182 Wn.2d at 833, the
Washington Supreme Court held that RAP 2.5(a) grants appellate courts discretion
2 Mr. Nieves contends the discretionary LFOs include the $183 sheriff service
fees, the $40 prosecutor reimbursement fee, and the $100 DNA collection fee. The $100
DNA collection fee, however, is not a discretionary fee. Under RCW 43.43.7541,
payment of a $100 DNA collection fee is mandatory for every adult or juvenile convicted
of a felony or certain other offenses. Although a sentencing court may waive collection
of DNA for a felon who already has a sample at the Washington state patrol crime lab, it
may not waive the DNA collection fee. See RCW 43.43.754(2); RCW 43.43.7541. This
court's mistaken reference in a footnote in the prior appeal to the trial court's discretion
in imposing the DNA collection fee was clearly erroneous. See Nieves, 2013 WL
1908319, at *2 n.4. Thus, the trial court actually ordered Mr. Nieves to pay $223 in
discretionary LFOs.
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No. 32659-4-III
State v. Nieves
whether to review a defendant's LFO challenge raised for the first time on appeal. In
deciding whether to review the new error, we partly weigh the administrative burden and
expense of bringing Mr. Nieves to a new sentencing hearing and the need for judicial
efficiency. Considering Mr. Nieves can assert his objections to the minimal discretionary
LFO assessments at a later sentencing condition review hearing before collection and the
unlikely change of the imposed discretionary assessments, we decline his invitation for us
to reverse and remand the imposition of discretionary LFOs amounting to $223. We
therefore exercise our discretion under RAP 2.5(a) and decide not to review this issue for
the first time on appeal.
B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
Mr. Nieves contends his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel by
failing to challenge the LFOs. Citing Blazina, 182 Wn.2d at 835, he argues the erroneous
imposition of LFOs makes more difficult his reentering society.
To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, Mr. Nieves must show with a
preponderance of the evidence his counsel's performance fell below an objective
standard of reasonableness and this deficiency actually prejudiced him. Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668,687-88,104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984); State v.
McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 334-35, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995). Prejudice occurs if a
reasonable probability exists that, but for the deficient performance, the outcome of the
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No. 32659-4-III
State v. Nieves
trial would have been different. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d at 335. We strongly presume
counsel provided effective assistance. State v. Lord, 117 Wn.2d 829, 883, 822 P.2d 177
(1991). We review ineffective assistance of counsel claims de novo. State v. Sutherby,
165 Wn.2d 870, 883, 204 P.3d 916 (2009).
Mr. Nieves fails to show either deficient performance or prejudice. In State v.
Duncan, 180 Wn. App. 245, 250,327 P.3d 699 (2014), this court discussed defendant's
reasonable strategy at sentencing to present themselves in the best light: it is an
"unsurprising fact that many defendants do not make an effort at sentencing to suggest to
the sentencing court that they are, and will remain, unproductive." Mr. Nieves was 22
years old at the time of his amended sentencing, unemployed, and indigent. He offers no
evidence showing he had any disability preventing him from working after his release
from confinement. On this record, it is unlikely the trial court would have reduced his
discretionary fees further. Notably, the court deleted the $500 fee it had imposed in the
original sentence for the court appointed attorney. He does not show his counsel's failure
to object to $233 of discretionary LFOs was objectively unreasonable or the results of the
proceeding would have been different if he had objected. Thus, we reject his claim of
ineffective assistance of counsel.
Affirmed.
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No. 32659-4-II1
State v. Nieves
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
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Brown, J.
WE CONCUR:
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