In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
Nos. 07-13-00090-CR, 07-13-00094-CR
ANANDA CHERMION HABIB, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the 108th District Court
Potter County, Texas
Trial Court Nos. 60,489-E, 60,504-E, Honorable Douglas Woodburn, Presiding
April 30, 2014
OPINION
Before CAMPBELL and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
Appellant, Ananda Chermion Habib, appeals the trial court’s decision to
adjudicate him guilty of the offenses of stalking1 and violation of a protective order,2 as
1
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 42.072 (West Supp. 2013). Appellate cause number
07-13-00090-CR.
2
See id. § 25.07(g)(2) (West Supp. 2013). Appellate cause number 07-13-00094-CR.
well as the resulting ten-year sentences of incarceration and $5,000 fine in each case.3
We will modify the judgments and affirm as modified.
Factual and Procedural Background
Appellant was initially charged with the offenses of stalking and violation of a
protective order as a result of incidents occurring in 2009. Appellant and the State
entered into a plea bargain agreement in March of 2011, which was accepted by the
trial court, by which appellant pled guilty to the offenses and was placed on eight years’
deferred adjudication community supervision, and fined $500 in each case.
In November of 2011, the State filed motions to proceed to adjudication of guilt in
both cases based on nineteen alleged violations of community supervision. In
December of 2011, appellant was extradited from Smith County to Potter County, where
he was declared indigent and appointed counsel. In August of 2012, appellant was
extradited from Tom Green County to Potter County. The State twice amended its
motions to proceed to adjudication and, ultimately, alleged that appellant had committed
thirty violations of the terms and conditions of his community supervision.
The adjudication proceeding was called on March 25, 2013. The State waived
fifteen violations, appellant pled true to nine violations, and appellant pled not true to six
violations. The State presented significant evidence of appellant’s violations of the
terms and conditions of his community supervision. In response, appellant testified on
his own behalf. Through his testimony, appellant admitted many of the violations
alleged by the State. However, by his testimony, appellant offered explanations for
3
The sentences in each cause were ordered to run concurrently.
2
those violations. Immediately following appellant’s testimony, appellant’s counsel
stated, “[r]est and close, and then give argument, if we could, Your Honor.” However,
without hearing argument, the trial court found that appellant violated fifteen terms and
conditions of his community supervision, adjudicated him guilty of both underlying
offenses, and sentenced him to ten years’ incarceration and $5,000 fine in each case,
but further ordered that the sentences run concurrently.
Subsequently, the trial court entered judgments which indicated that court costs
would be assessed “as per attached bill of costs.” The bill of costs in 07-13-00090-CR
charges appellant a $5,000 fine, $549.39 for sheriff’s fees, and $3,222.24 in “Attorney
Fee(s) – Probation Revocation.” The bill of costs in 07-13-00094-CR charges appellant
another $5,000 fine and $445 more for sheriff’s fees.
By five issues, appellant appeals. By his first issue, appellant contends that he
was denied the effective assistance of counsel when his attorney requested but was not
given the opportunity to present closing argument. Appellant’s second issue contends
that counsel’s failure to present closing argument constitutes a constructive deprivation
of counsel. Appellant’s third issue contends that the bill of costs cumulated the fine
when the trial court ordered them concurrent. By his fourth issue, appellant contends
that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the assessment of attorney’s fees. Finally, by
his fifth issue, appellant contends that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the
assessment of sheriff’s fees.
3
Issues One & Two: Denial of Closing Argument
Appellant’s first two issues challenge trial counsel’s failure to present a closing
argument or to, at least, preserve error in the trial court’s denial of appellant’s request
for closing argument. Appellant’s first issue is couched in terms of ineffective
assistance of counsel. However, review of appellant’s argument reveals that he is
essentially contending that the trial court reversibly erred by not affording appellant an
opportunity to close after appellant requested such an opportunity. The State responds
that, after requesting closing argument, appellant abandoned and waived his request.
By his second issue, appellant contends that, because trial counsel felt that closing
argument would be beneficial but failed to either obtain such argument or preserve the
trial court’s erroneous denial of argument, appellant was constructively deprived of
counsel at a critical stage of the trial. The State responds that trial counsel had sound
strategic reasons for not pursuing closing argument.
A trial court abuses its discretion by denying counsel the right to make a closing
argument. See Ruedas v. State, 586 S.W.2d 520, 524 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979);
Chapman v. State, No. 07-07-00419-CR, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 6574, at *4-5 (Tex.
App.—Amarillo Aug. 27, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication).
However, to preserve error in the denial of closing argument, appellant must have
notified the trial court of the desire to present closing argument, the trial court must have
refused that request, and appellant must have asserted a timely objection to the trial
court’s ruling denying closing argument. Torres v. State, No. 13-08-00220-CR, 2009
Tex. App. LEXIS 6122, at *3 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Aug. 6, 2009, no pet.) (mem.
op., not designated for publication); Crane v. State, No. 02-08-00122-CR, 2009 Tex.
4
App. LEXIS 589, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Jan. 29, 2009, no pet.) (per curiam)
(mem. op., not designated for publication); Chapman, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 6574, at
*5; Dangerfield v. State, No. 08-02-00115-CR, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 4992, at *3 (Tex.
App.—El Paso June 12, 2003, pet. ref’d); Foster v. State, 80 S.W.3d 639, 640 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.); see TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1.
In the present case, appellant made an equivocal request for closing argument
which, by proceeding to adjudicate and sentence appellant, the trial court impliedly
denied. However, appellant did not voice an objection to the trial court’s implied ruling
denying appellant closing argument. As such, under the authority cited above,
appellant has failed to preserve any error in the trial court’s denial of closing argument.
Appellant also appears to argue that the trial court impliedly denied appellant’s
request for closing argument in such a manner that appellant was denied the
opportunity to object to the ruling. When a trial court makes a ruling and there is no
opportunity to object, a defendant must timely file a motion for new trial. See Howard v.
State, Nos. 01-12-00335-CR, 01-12-00336-CR, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 1874, at *5 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 28, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for
publication); Foster, 80 S.W.3d at 641. A timely filed motion for new trial affords a
defendant the opportunity to object to the denial of closing argument if such an
opportunity was not available during trial. See Gonzalez v. State, 301 S.W.3d 393, 401
(Tex. App.—El Paso 2009, pet. ref’d). Appellant did not file a motion for new trial in
either case.4 As such, we conclude that appellant has wholly failed to preserve any
4
We note that appellant’s appellate counsel signed and filed appellant’s notices of appeal on
April 4, 2013. The trial court imposed sentence in these cases on March 25, 2013. As such, appellant’s
5
error in the trial court denying appellant’s request for closing argument. We overrule
appellant’s first issue.
By his second issue, appellant contends that, because trial counsel expressed a
desire to present closing argument, his failure to present closing argument or to
preserve error in the trial court’s denial of closing argument constitutes a constructive
deprivation of counsel. The State responds that, because there were sound strategic
reasons for not pursuing closing argument, appellant was not deprived of the effective
assistance of counsel.
Both the United States and Texas Constitutions guarantee a defendant the
opportunity to present closing argument. See U.S. CONST. amend. VI; TEX. CONST. art.
I, § 10; Herring v. New York, 422 U.S. 853, 858-59, 95 S.Ct. 2550, 45 L.Ed.2d 593
(1975); Ruedas, 586 S.W.2d at 522. The denial of counsel at such a critical stage of
trial leads to a presumption of prejudice. United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 659 &
n.25, 104 S.Ct. 2039, 80 L.Ed.2d 657 (1984). However, as discussed above, the right
to present closing argument can be waived by a defendant’s failure to request argument
or a failure to object to the denial of a request. Chapman, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 6574,
at *5; Foster, 80 S.W.3d at 640; see TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. Closing argument is an area
where trial strategy is most evident. Flemming v. State, 949 S.W.2d 876, 881 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, no pet.). An inquiry into counsel’s strategy should be
made only when there is no plausible strategic basis for his actions. Ex parte Burns,
601 S.W.2d 370, 372 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980) (en banc).
_________________________
appellate counsel had, at a minimum, nineteen days to timely file a motion for new trial raising the issue
of the trial court’s denial of appellant’s request for closing argument. See TEX. R. APP. P. 21.4(a).
6
Appellant contends that, because trial counsel requested closing argument, he
“clearly felt such argument might be beneficial.” However, because the record is silent
as to counsel’s strategy regarding closing argument, appellant fails to overcome the
presumption of effective assistance of counsel. See Rylander v. State, 101 S.W.3d
107, 110-11 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). So long as there is any plausible strategic reason
for trial counsel not to present closing argument or to object to the trial court’s denial of
closing argument, we will not conclude that appellant was constructively denied the
effective assistance of counsel. See Ex parte Burns, 601 S.W.2d at 372; Brown v.
State, No. 04-06-00039-CR, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 1699, at *8-9 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio Mar. 7, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication). A review of
the record suggests that trial counsel may have made the strategic decision not to
pursue closing argument based on the perceived mood of the trial court, the fact that
appellant’s testimony would have rendered much of closing argument cumulative, and
to prevent the State from rebutting appellant’s closing argument. Because there were
sound strategic reasons for trial counsel to have waived closing argument, we cannot
conclude that appellant was constructively deprived of the effective assistance of
counsel. We overrule appellant’s second issue.
Issue Three: Fines
By his third issue, appellant contends that by including a $5,000 fine on each bill
of costs, the fine portion of the sentences were cumulated rather than assessed
concurrently. The State concedes that this is error.
7
In these cases, the trial court orally pronounced that the sentences are to run
concurrently, and the written judgments also reflect that the sentences are to run
concurrently. However, each bill of costs assesses a $5,000 fine. When sentences are
ordered to run concurrently, the judgment should not reflect a cumulated fine. Wilson v.
State, No. 07-11-00019-CR, 2012 Tex. App. LEXIS 525, at *2 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Jan.
24, 2012, no pet.) (per curiam) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (citing State v.
Crook, 248 S.W.3d 172, 177 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008)). Because the oral pronouncement
of sentence controls, we will delete the fine from the second judgment. See Taylor v.
State, 131 S.W.3d 497, 502 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004).
Issue Four: Attorney’s Fees
By his fourth issue, appellant contends that the evidence was insufficient to
sustain the assessment of attorney’s fees in cause number 07-13-00090-CR. The State
concedes that there is insufficient evidence to support this assessment.
To sustain an assessment of attorney’s fees, the trial court must determine that a
defendant has the financial resources that enable him to offset in part or in whole the
costs of the legal services provided. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.05(g)
(West Supp. 2013); Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 556 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (a
defendant’s financial resources and ability to pay are “explicit critical elements” in
assessing appointed attorney’s fees against the defendant). The record includes no
evidence that appellant had the financial resources to offset the costs of legal services
provided to him in part or in whole. As such, we will modify the judgment to delete the
8
assessment of $3,222.24 in attorney’s fees from the bill of costs in cause number 07-
13-00090-CR.5
Issue Five: Sheriff’s Extradition Fees
By his fifth issue, appellant contends that the evidence is insufficient to support
the trial court’s assessment of sheriff’s extradition fees. The State responds that the
assessed fees are supported by sufficient evidence and should not be deleted.
A defendant that is arrested on a warrant or capias in another county shall pay
twenty-nine cents per mile that had to be traversed to convey the defendant to the
county from which the warrant or capias issued. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
102.011(b)(2) (West Supp. 2013). The defendant shall also pay all reasonable and
necessary expenses for meals and lodging incurred in the performance of the
extradition. Id. However, the defendant may not be charged more than once for a
service performed in multiple cases. See id.
Court costs are not part of the guilt or sentence of a criminal defendant and need
not be proven at trial; rather, they are "a nonpunitive recoupment of the costs of judicial
resources expended in connection with the trial of the case." Johnson v. State, No. PD-
0193-13, 2014 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 240, at *8 (Tex. Crim. App. Feb. 26, 2014) (citing
Armstrong v. State, 340 S.W.3d 759, 767 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011), and quoting Weir v.
State, 278 S.W.3d 364, 366-67 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009)). Consequently, we review the
assessment of court costs to determine if there is a basis for the cost, not whether
5
It appears that, due to a clerical error, the second sheriff’s extradition fee in the amount of
$222.24 was added to the assessment of attorney’s fees. We will address the propriety of the trial court’s
assessment of sheriff’s extradition fees in appellant’s fifth issue, below, but we conclude that this amount
was not properly assessed as attorney’s fees and, therefore, delete it from the bill of costs.
9
sufficient evidence offered at trial proved each cost, and traditional Jackson evidentiary-
sufficiency principles do not apply. Id.
In the present case, the record reflects that appellant was extradited 934 miles
from Smith County to Potter County on December 5, 2011. At twenty-nine cents per
mile, the transport expense was $270.86. “Additional expenses” of $78.53 were
incurred. On August 23, 2012, appellant was extradited 656 miles from Tom Green
County to Potter County. The transportation expense totaled $190.24. “Additional
expenses” of $32.00 were incurred. Thus, the total extradition expenses incurred in
relation to these causes were $571.63. After a $10.00 fee for taking and approving a
bond is added, see TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 102.011(a)(5), the total amount of
sheriff’s fees for which the record provides a basis is $581.63.
Appellant contends that the evidence is not sufficient to support the
reasonableness and necessity of the additional expenses incurred in the extraditions.
However, under the appropriate standard, there need only be an identification of a basis
for the cost, which was provided. Johnson, 2014 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 240, at *8. As
stated above, we conclude that a basis exists for the imposition of $581.63 in sheriff’s
fees.
While the record provides a basis for the assessment of $581.63 in sheriff’s fees,
the bill of costs in cause number 07-13-00090-CR assesses sheriff’s fees in the amount
of $549.39, and the bill of costs in cause number 07-13-00094-CR assesses sheriff’s
fees in the amount of $445.00. As a result, it appears that appellant may have been
charged twice for the performance of the same services. As such and on the basis of
10
the evidence contained within the record, we will delete the assessment of sheriff’s fees
in cause number 07-13-00094-CR, and modify the assessment of sheriff’s fees in cause
number 07-13-00090-CR to $581.63.
Conclusion
We modify the judgment of the trial court in the following particulars:
1) Delete the assessment of a $5,000.00 fine in cause number 07-13-00094-
CR;
2) Delete the assessment of $3,222.24 for attorney’s fees in cause number
07-13-00090-CR;
3) Delete the assessment of $445.00 for sheriff’s fees in cause number 07-
13-00094-CR;
4) Modify the assessment of $549.39 for sheriff’s fees in cause number 07-
13-00090-CR to assess $581.63 for sheriff’s fees.
As modified, we affirm the judgment of the trial court. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b).
Mackey K. Hancock
Justice
Publish.
11