NUMBER 13-12-00689-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
JOHN ORNELAS, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 117th District Court
of Nueces County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Benavides and Longoria
Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Valdez
By two issues, appellant, John Ornelas, challenges his conviction for indecency
with a child. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.11(a)(1) (West 2011). Appellant contends
that (1) the evidence was insufficient to support the jury verdict, and (2)
the sentence imposed by the trial court was disproportionate to the seriousness of the
alleged offense, in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United
States Constitution. See U.S. CONST. amend. VIII, XIV. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Appellant was indicted for two counts of intentionally or knowingly engaging in
sexual contact with the victim, J.R., a child younger than seventeen years of age and
not his spouse, by touching her genitals with the intent to arouse or gratify his sexual
desire. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.11(a)(1). At trial, the State presented evidence
that, after attending a wedding and visiting two nightclubs, appellant returned to the
house of his friend, Randy Cantu. As discussed in more detail herein, Cantu’s sister,
J.R., then 15-years of age, testified that she awoke in the middle of the night with
appellant in her room and that appellant engaged in inappropriate sexual contact with
her.
J.R., testified that in the morning of February 19th, 2012, she awoke to find
appellant standing in front of her bed and that appellant began asking her questions
about whether she had a boyfriend. She stated that appellant left the room and came
back several times because he heard noises. She then stated that appellant lay down
in bed beside her and that he put his hand “over her vagina” and then put her hand in
his shorts. She testified that appellant had an erection. The following exchange then
occurred between the prosecutor and J.R.:
[Prosecutor]: Did [appellant] ever put his hand down your shorts?
J.R.: Yes
[Prosecutor:] And when he put his hands down your shorts, did he
put his hands over or under your underwear?
J.R.: Under.
[Prosecutor]: And did he touch your vagina?
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J.R.: Yes.
The State also called Officer Darrel Anderson, who testified that he arrested
appellant; J.R.’s mother, who testified that J.R. outcried to her; and Detective Jason
Smith, who testified that he interviewed J.R. and that she identified appellant as the
person that sexually assaulted her. The State called Randall Cantu, J.R.’s brother, who
testified that he and Appellant went to a wedding and two clubs on the eve of the
alleged assault and then returned to his home where J.R. also lives, and that in the
morning of February 19, around 3:30 a.m., he saw appellant exit his sister’s room. He
also testified that, in the afternoon of February 19th, after he learned about the alleged
assault from his mother, he drove to appellant’s extended-stay hotel, picked him up, and
had a brief altercation with him. On cross-examination, Cantu stated that he did not
purchase or use cocaine on the evening before or the morning of the alleged assault
and that there had been some past animosity between he and appellant and he and
appellant’s brother, but that he had no reason to seek retaliation against appellant. The
State also called J.C., J.R.’s eight-year-old nephew, who testified that he was sleeping
in bed with J.R. on the night of the alleged sexual assault and that appellant came in the
room and lied down with J.R. and was talking to her while she was crying.
Appellant called his friend Melanie Gonzalez who testified that appellant called
her around 4:30 or 4:35 on the morning of the alleged assault and asked her to pick him
up from the house that the alleged incident occurred; she testified that she did so and
left him at his extended-stay motel. Next another friend of appellant, Eva Gonzalez,
testified that appellant had been at her daughter’s wedding the night before the alleged
incident. She also stated that appellant appeared at her house the morning of the
alleged incident and stated that he had been in a fight with J.R.’s brother, Randy Cantu.
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Next Gracie Bocelli, appellant’s mother, testified that on the morning of the alleged
incident, appellant called the police and claimed that J.R.’s brother, Randy Cantu,
sexually assaulted him by kicking him in the groin. Appellant then took the stand and
testified that he had been at a wedding and two clubs with Randy Cantu and two other
men the night before the alleged assault. He testified that around 4:00 a.m., Cantu and
another man purchased cocaine. He testified that they returned to Cantu’s home at
around 4:15 a.m., and he called Melanie Gonzalez to pick him up. He stated that he left
the house around 4:45 a.m. and that he never entered J.R.’s room. He testified that
the next morning Cantu picked him up and took him back to his house where J.R.’s
mother confronted him concerning the alleged sexual assault and where he and Cantu
had an altercation.
The jury found appellant guilty of indecency with a child and sentenced him to
five years in prison on each count. The trial court ordered the sentences to run
concurrently. This appeal ensued.
II. LEGAL SUFFICIENCY
A. Standard of Review
“When reviewing a case for legal sufficiency, we view all of the evidence in the
light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could
have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” 1 Winfrey
v. State, 323 S.W.3d 875, 878–79 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (citing Jackson v. Virginia,
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Appellant contends that the evidence against him is factually insufficient. However, the court of
criminal appeals has held that there is “no meaningful distinction between the Jackson v. Virginia legal
sufficiency standard and the Clewis factual-sufficiency standard" and that the Jackson standard "is the
only standard that a reviewing court should apply in determining whether the evidence is sufficient to
support each element of a criminal offense that the State is required to prove beyond a reasonable
doubt.” Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 902–03, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (plurality op.).
Accordingly, we review appellant's claim of evidentiary sufficiency under "a rigorous and proper
application" of the Jackson standard of review. See id. at 906–07, 912.
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443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979)). Accordingly, “we ‘determine whether the necessary
inferences are reasonable based upon the combined and cumulative force of all the
evidence when viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict.’” Id. at 879 (quoting
Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (citing Hooper v. State,
214 S.W.3d 9, 16–17 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)). “It has been said quite appropriately,
that ‘[t]he appellate scales are supposed to be weighted in favor of upholding a trial
court's judgment of conviction, and this weighting includes, for example, the highly
deferential standard of review for legal-sufficiency claims.’” Id. (quoting Haynes v.
State, 273 S.W.3d 183, 195 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008) (Keller J., dissenting) (citing
Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319)). “We must therefore determine whether the evidence
presented to the jury, viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, proves beyond a
reasonable doubt that appellant” committed the crime for which the jury found him
guilty. Id. “It is the obligation and responsibility of appellate courts ‘to ensure that the
evidence presented actually supports a conclusion that the defendant committed the
crime that was charged.’” Id. at 882 (quoting Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750
(Tex. Crim. App. 2007)).
We measure the sufficiency of the evidence by the elements of the offense as
defined by the hypothetically correct jury charge. Coleman v. State, 131 S.W.3d 303,
314 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2004, pet. ref’d) (citing Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234,
240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997)). The hypothetically correct jury charge is one that
“accurately sets out the law, is authorized by the indictment, does not unnecessarily
increase the State's burden of proof or unnecessarily restrict the State's theories of
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liability, and adequately describes the particular offense for which the defendant was
tried.” Malik, 953 S.W.2d at 240.
Additionally, in our analysis of the verdict, we recognize that the jury is the
exclusive judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their
testimony. Ozuna v. State, 199 S.W.3d 601, 610 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2006, no
pet.). The jury may accept or reject all or part of the evidence. Id. The jury may also
draw reasonable inferences and make reasonable deductions from the evidence. Id.
B. Applicable Law
A person commits indecency with a child if that person engages in sexual contact
with the child or causes the child to engage in sexual contact. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §
21.11(a)(1) (West 2011). "Sexual contact" means any touching by a person, including
touching through clothing, of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of a child if
committed with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. See id. §
21.11(c). The indictment specifically charged appellant with touching the victim’s
genitals with the intent to gratify his own sexual desire.
“A complainant's testimony alone is sufficient to support a conviction for
indecency with a child.” Connell v. State, 233 S.W.3d 460, 466 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2007, no pet.); Perez v. State, 113 S.W.3d 819, 838 (Tex. App.—Austin 2003, pet.
ref'd); see TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07 (West Supp. 2011); Tear v. State, 74
S.W.3d 555, 560 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2002, pet. ref'd). The specific intent required for
the offense of indecency with a child may be inferred from a defendant's conduct as well
as the surrounding circumstances. Bazanes v. State, 310 S.W.3d 32, 40 (Tex. App.—
Fort Worth 2010, pet ref'd) (citing McKenzie v. State, 617 S.W.2d 211, 216 (Tex. Crim.
6
App. 1981)). The victim’s testimony need not be corroborated by medical or physical
evidence. Gonzalez Soto v. State, 267 S.W.3d 327, 332 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi
2008, no pet.).
C. Discussion
Appellant argues that the evidence was legally insufficient to support the jury’s
verdict. Appellant concedes that the victim in this case testified that the alleged abuse
occurred. However, he claims that the facts that “the only witness to this alleged sexual
assault was the victim” and that the testimony suggested that there was past animosity
between appellant and the victim’s brother “should have raised reasonable doubt in the
jury’s mind that appellant may not have committed” the offense. Under Texas law,
however, a victim’s testimony alone is sufficient to support a guilty verdict in a child sex
abuse case, and in this case, it is undisputed and clear from the record that the victim
testified that the alleged abuse occurred. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07
(West Supp. 2011); Connell, 233 S.W.3d at 466; Perez, 113 S.W.3d at 838; Tear, 74
S.W.3d at 560. J.R. specifically stated that appellant put his hand inside her shorts and
over her vagina and answered “yes” when the prosecutor asked her if appellant touched
her vagina. She further testified that appellant put her hand in his shorts and that he
had an erection. This testimony is clearly sufficient to support the jury’s determination
that appellant touched J.R’s genitals with the intent to arouse his sexual desire, as
alleged in the indictment. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.07 (West Supp.
2011); Connell, 233 S.W.3d at 466; Perez, 113 S.W.3d at 838; Tear, 74 S.W.3d at 560.
The appellant also asserts that evidence of past animosity between appellant
and the victim’s brother should have raised reasonable doubt, presumably as an
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argument that the witnesses may have had a motive to falsely accuse appellant of this
offense. However, the jury was entitled to disbelieve and determine how much weight
to be given to any testimony suggesting that the victim or any other witness had a
motivation to make false accusations. See Ozuna, 199 S.W.3d at 610. The jury, as the
ultimate finder of fact, was entitled to determine the witness’ credibility, and we cannot
replace its judgment with our own. See id. We overrule appellant’s first issue.
III. CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE SENTENCE
In his second issue, appellant contends that the sentence imposed by the trial
court was disproportionate to the seriousness of the alleged offense, in violation of the
Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. See U.S. CONST.
amend. VIII, XIV. Specifically, appellant argues that the sentence is cruel, unusual, and
grossly disproportionate to the severity of his crime.
The Eighth Amendment provides that “[e]xcessive bail shall not be required, nor
excessive fine imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.” See U.S. CONST.
amend. VIII. The Eighth Amendment applies to punishments imposed by state courts
through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. See U.S. CONST.
amend. XIV. Yet, it is possible for this right, and every constitutional or statutory right,
to be waived by a “failure to object.” Smith v. State, 721 S.W.2d 844, 855 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1986). Generally, to preserve error for appellate review, a party must present a
timely objection to the trial court, state the specific grounds for the objection, and obtain
a ruling. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). The failure to specifically object to an alleged
disproportionate or cruel and unusual sentence in the trial court or in a post-trial motion
waives any error for our review. Noland v. State, 264 S.W.3d 144, 151 (Tex. App.—
8
Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d) (“[I]n order to preserve for appellate review a
complaint that a sentence is grossly disproportionate, constituting cruel and unusual
punishment, a defendant must present to the trial court a timely request, objection, or
motion stating the specific grounds for the ruling desired.”); Trevino v. State, 174
S.W.3d 925, 928 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2005, pet. ref’d) (providing that “by failing
to object to the trial court’s sentence, [the appellant] forfeited his complaint” that the
sentence was cruel and unusual); see also Daliet v. State, No. 13-11-00611-CR, 2013
Tex. App. LEXIS 3871, at *5 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Mar. 28, 2013, pet. ref’d)
(mem. op., not designated for publication) (holding in regards to an appeal on
proportionality of sentencing that, “appellant acknowledges that no objection was made
to the sentence in the trial court, but invites us to review the sentence under our
inherent power. The error being unpreserved, we decline the invitation.”).
Appellant complains for the first time on appeal that his eighth amendment rights
have been violated because the sentence imposed by the trial court is cruel, unusual,
and grossly disproportionate to the offense committed. In his appellate brief, appellant
claims that he “raised this specific issue to ensure there was no waiver of an
anticipatory claim in Federal Court.” The record reveals, however, that appellant did not
object to the sentence at the punishment hearing or in any post-trial motion. Moreover,
appellant’s sentence was within the punishment range of a second-degree felony.2 A
punishment falling within the limits prescribed by a valid statute is not per se excessive,
cruel, or unusual. Trevino, 174 S.W.3d at 928. Therefore, because appellant failed to
object to the proportionality of a sentence that was not unconstitutional per se,
2
A second-degree felony has a punishment range of two to twenty years’ confinement. See TEX.
PENAL CODE ANN. § 12.33(a) (West Supp. 2011).
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appellant’s argument is waived.3 See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a); Noland, 264 S.W.3d at
151; Trevino, 174 S.W.3d at 928; see also Daliet, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 3871, at *5.
We overrule appellant’s second issue.
IV. CONCLUSION
We affirm.
__________________
ROGELIO VALDEZ
Chief Justice
Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
Delivered and filed the
25th day of July, 2013.
3
Appellant also claims that “it was within a court’s power to review a sentence imposed by judge
or jury and to determine whether such sentence passed [c]onstitutional muster, even if no objections were
made during trial.” We note that this argument seems to suggest that a trial court has discretion to make
a ruling in this situation, not that a defendant need not make a proper objection at trial to preserve
argument for appeal. Additionally, to support this claim, appellant cites two cases in which Texas courts
considered a court’s power to adjudicate challenges to the constitutionality of legislative acts and not
whether disproportionate sentencing arguments were preserved for appeal. See Lovejoy v. Lillie, 569
S.W.2d 501, 503 (Tex. Civ. App.—Tyler 1978, writ ref'd n.r.e); Houston Chronicle Publ’g Co. v. City of
Houston, 531 S.W.2d 177, 185 (Tex. Civ. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1975, writ ref’d). Appellant does not
explain, and we fail to see, the relevance of these citations to the present case. Instead, we rely on the
case law cited in the body of this opinion in determining that, because he did not make an objection,
appellant waived his argument on appeal that the sentence imposed is disproportionate. See Noland,
264 S.W.3d at 151; Trevino, 174 S.W.3d at 928; see also Daliet, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 3871, at *5.
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