MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-12-00150-CV
IN THE INTEREST OF H.S.V., C.M.V. and T.M.V., Children
From the 285th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2010-PA-01017
Honorable Charles E. Montemayor, Judge Presiding 1
Opinion by: Marialyn Barnard, Justice
Sitting: Catherine Stone, Chief Justice
Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice
Marialyn Barnard, Justice
Delivered and Filed: August 22, 2012
AFFIRMED
On the court’s own motion, we withdraw the opinion and judgment issued July 11, 2012,
and substitute this opinion and judgment. After a bench trial, the trial court rendered a judgment
terminating appellant W.M.V.’s parental rights to her three children, H.S.V., C.M.V. and T.M.V.
On appeal, appellant contends the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the trial
court’s findings that: (1) she failed to comply with a court order that established the actions
necessary for her to obtain the return of her children; and (2) the children were removed from
appellant for reasons of abuse or neglect. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
1
The Honorable Richard Price is the presiding judge of the 285th Judicial District Court in Bexar County, Texas.
The termination order was signed by Associate Judge Charles E. Montemayor.
04-12-00150-CV
BACKGROUND
The appellate record shows appellant has an extended history with the Texas Department
of Family and Protective Services (“the Department”). Appellant and her boyfriend, Robert
Gonzales, have been actively under investigation or receiving services from the Department
since 2004. The referrals to the Department included claims of negligent supervision and
physical abuse and neglect.
In 2009, a referral was made to the Department alleging physical abuse of C.M.V.
During the investigation, C.M.V. reported to the Department caseworker that she has been
abused by Gonzales. She also alleged Gonzales abused appellant. Appellant denied the abuse,
accusing C.M.V. of lying. The Department formally opened a case and devised a safety plan.
As caseworker Natalie Harrison described in an affidavit attached to the petition ultimately filed
by the Department, the safety plan required, among other things, that appellant not leave the
children alone with Gonzales. In fact, Harrison stated in her affidavit that Gonzales “had been
safety planned out of the home” due to history of abuse and domestic violence. Despite this
requirement, Harrison discovered Gonzales alone with the children in April of 2010. Gonzales
claimed appellant was shopping and would return shortly. The Department ultimately
discovered appellant had been absent from the home for an extended period of time, spending a
week with a man she met on the Internet. The children were removed from the home.
The next month, the Department filed its Original Petition for Protection of Children, for
Conservatorship, and for Termination, stating numerous grounds for termination of appellant’s
parental rights. Thereafter, the Department prepared a family service plan for appellant. The
plan stated the permanency goal was to reunite appellant and her children. During the pendency
of the case, the Department filed three permanency plans and progress reports with the trial
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court. Ultimately, the Department determined the goal of reunification was unattainable.
Accordingly, the matter proceeded to a bench trial in October 2011. The matter was tried on
several dates from October to January. After the trial, the trial court determined appellant’s
parental rights should be terminated, finding by clear and convincing evidence that: (1)
termination was in the best interest of the children, and (2) appellant “failed to comply with the
provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for [her] to obtain
the return of the children who have been in the permanent or temporary managing
conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine
months as a result of the children’s removal from the parent under Chapter 262 for abuse or
neglect of the children[.]” Appellant was appointed appellate counsel who timely perfected this
appeal.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, appellant contends the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support
the trial court’s findings relating to termination. Specifically, she contends there is insufficient
evidence to establish: (1) the children were removed for abuse or neglect, and (2) to establish she
failed to comply with the provisions of a court order. The Department counters by arguing the
evidence is both legally and factually sufficient to support both findings.
Standard of Review
A parent’s rights to a child may be terminated upon proof by clear and convincing
evidence that the parent: (1) has committed an act prohibited by section 161.001(1) of the Texas
Family Code (“the Code”), and (2) termination is in the best interest of the child. TEX. FAM.
CODE ANN. §§ 161.001(1) (West Supp. 2011); see In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 344 (Tex.
2009) (holding proceedings to terminate parental rights under Code require proof by clear and
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convincing evidence); In re G.M., 596 S.W.2d 846, 847 (Tex. 1980) (adopting clear and
convincing standard of proof for sufficiency review in termination of parental rights cases).
Clear and convincing evidence is proof that will produce a firm belief or conviction in the mind
of the fact finder that the allegations sought to be established are true. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.
§ 101.007 (West 2008).
As the supreme court has noted, “[t]he distinction between legal and factual sufficiency
when the burden of proof is clear and convincing evidence may be a fine one in some cases, but
there is a distinction in how the evidence is reviewed.” In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex.
2002). In a legal sufficiency review, we must look at all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the findings at issue to determine whether a reasonable factfinder could have formed
a firm belief or conviction that the findings were true. Id. We must assume the factfinder
resolved disputed facts in favor of its findings if a reasonable factfinder could do so. Id. We
must also disregard all evidence that a reasonable factfinder could have disbelieved or found to
be implausible. Id. However, we need not disregard all evidence that does not support the
findings at issue because disregarding undisputed facts that do not support the finding could
skew the analysis. Id. If we determine that no reasonable trier of fact could form a firm belief or
conviction that the matter that must be proven is true, we must hold the evidence to be legally
insufficient. Id. Such a finding requires rendition of judgment in favor of the parent. Id.
When we review whether the evidence is factually sufficient to support challenged
findings in a termination case, we must consider, in light of the entire record, the evidence a trier
of fact could reasonably have found to be clear and convincing and determine “whether the
evidence is such that a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the
truth of the [Department’s] allegations.” Id. (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex. 2002)).
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In reviewing termination findings for factual sufficiency, we must give due deference to the trier
of fact’s findings and must not supplant its judgment with our own. In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d
105, 108 (Tex. 2006). “If, in light of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable
factfinder could not have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could
not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is factually
insufficient.” In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266. A finding of factual insufficiency requires we
remand to the trial court for further proceedings. S.H.R. v. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs.,
No. 01-10-00999-CV, 2012 WL 1441398, at *18 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 20, 2012,
no pet.).
Application
Appellant’s rights were terminated under section 161.001(O) of the Texas Family Code.
That section permits a court to order termination of the parent child relationship if the court finds
a parent has:
[F]ailed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically
established the actions necessary for the parent to obtain the return of the child
who has been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the
Department of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine months as a
result of the child’s removal from the parent under Chapter 262 2 for the abuse or
neglect of the child.
TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(O) (West Supp. 2011).
A. Removal for Abuse or Neglect
Appellant first contends the evidence is insufficient to establish the children were
removed for “abuse or neglect.” Appellant argues the only evidence before the trial court
showed the children were removed because appellant violated her safety plan, which required
that she not leave the children with Gonzales. Appellant asserts, without citing any authority,
2
Chapter 262 of the Texas Family Code governs, among other things, the standards, processes, and procedures
relevant to removal of children by the Department with and without court orders.
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that “[a] safety plan violation does not satisfy the second prong of Tex. Fam. Code Ann. Sec.
161.001(1)(O).” Appellant also contends the evidence is insufficient because Natalie Harrison,
the caseworker who swore out the affidavit resulting in the initial removal and who testified at
trial regarding the removal of the children, was not credible. Appellant points out: (1) Harrison
admitted to making certain misstatements at trial, specifically that the children were previously
returned by the court over the Department’s objection when the Department actually agreed to
the return; (2) Harrison testified H.S.V. was not bonded with her mother and H.S.V. was afraid
of her mother and wanted to live with a previous foster mother; however, the therapist testified
H.S.V. expressed a strong attachment to her mother; and (3) Harrison had not seen the children
for several months yet still felt comfortable in testifying that termination was in their best
interest. Appellant contends this evidence had to make the trial court “highly suspicious as to the
true reason the children were removed.”
Several appellate courts have held that termination under section 161.001(1)(O) does
require evidence that the parent abused or neglected the child. See, e.g., In re A.A.A., 265
S.W.3d 507, 515 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, pet. denied); In re S.A.P., 169 S.W.3d
685, 705-06 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005, no pet.); In re M.B., No. 07-04-0334-CV, 2004 WL
2867544, at *2 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Dec. 14, 2004, no pet.) (mem. op.). However, neither
section 161.001(1)(O) nor Chapter 262 specifically defines “abuse” or “neglect,” and case law
holds the existence or absence of abuse or neglect must be determined on a case-by-case basis.
See In re A.A.A., 265 S.W.3d at 515 (reviewing numerous cases in which courts found evidence
sufficient or insufficient to support a finding that child was removed for abuse or neglect under
Chapter 262).
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Considering the specific facts of this case, we hold the evidence is legally and factually
sufficient to support the trial court’s determination that the children were removed from
appellant for neglect. Harrison, the Department caseworker for appellant’s family at the time of
the removal, testified she conducted a home visit on April 29, 2010. When she arrived, she
found Gonzales home with his biological son; appellant was not at the house. Gonzales told
Harrison appellant “had gone to the store and would be back momentarily.” Harrison testified
she waited until H.S.V. and C.M.V. came home from school and spoke to them. According to
Harrison, the children mentioned their mother was gone, but did not say how long she had been
gone.
Harrison admitted she did not believe the children were unsafe or had immediate issues,
given that appellant was going to be gone for a short time. However, she was concerned because
they were alone with Gonzales in violation of the safety plan, which prohibited him from being
alone with the children or in the same house. The safety plan was implemented, according to
Harrison’s testimony, because C.M.V. had reported physical abuse by Gonzales.
Harrison stated appellant did not return during her visit. Harrison testified she
subsequently learned appellant had been “gone for an extended period of time” and the family
could not contact her. The evidence established appellant left her children, despite the safety
plan and the allegations of abuse against Gonzales, to spend time with a man she met on the
Internet. Appellant did not care for her children for an entire week, leaving them with a man
accused of abusing at least one of them. It was only upon learning of appellant’s extended
absence from her children that the Department sought to remove the children. There is nothing
in the record to contradict the rendition of events leading up to the removal; the evidence is
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undisputed. And, in fact, appellant admitting during cross-examination that she violated the
safety plan by leaving the children alone with Gonzales.
As to appellant’s claim that her actions were nothing more than a violation of the safety
plan, and therefore insufficient to establish abuse or neglect, we disagree. The undisputed
evidence establishes appellant left her children for an entire week in the care of a man accused of
abusing at least one of them. This is, in our opinion, evidence of neglect. That the neglect
committed by appellant that resulted in the removal of the children under Chapter 262 might also
constitute a violation of the safety plan does not render the act any less neglectful for purposes of
section 161.001(1)(O). It is self-evident that a violation of a safety plan could, in fact, constitute
abuse or neglect.
Appellant also argued Harrison’s testimony was less than credible. However, this court
cannot weigh credibility issues that depend on the appearance and demeanor of the witness, and
even when credibility issues appear in the record, we must defer to the trier of fact’s
determinations as long as they are not unreasonable. In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex.
2005). The trial court, the factfinder in this case, could have found any misstatements or
contradictions in Harrison’s testimony to be minor errors rather than proof the Department
removed the children from appellant for reasons other than neglect. We do not find, given
Harrison’s overall testimony, as well as the rest of the evidence in the record, that the trial
court’s decision to believe Harrison’s testimony was unreasonable.
After considering all of the evidence, we hold the trial court could have reasonably
formed a firm belief or conviction that the children were removed because of appellant’s neglect.
See In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266. Accordingly, we overrule appellant’s contention.
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B. Failure to Comply with Court Order
Appellant also contends there is insufficient evidence appellant failed to comply with the
provisions of a court order that established the actions necessary for her to obtain the return of
her children. More specifically, appellant contends there is no evidence establishing what
appellant was required to do to be reunited with her children, and no evidence establishing which
provisions of a court order she failed to comply with. Appellant contends the only evidence is
the testimony of appellant that she completed all requirements of the service plan.
First, there is sufficient evidence of what actions appellant was required to take to obtain
the return of her children. Appellant points only to testimony in the record, but ignores the fact
that the family service plan, and a court order adopting the family service plan and ordering
appellant to comply with it, was filed in the papers of the court and is in the clerk’s record.
These documents specifically set forth what appellant was ordered to do to get her children back.
The trial court’s failure to affirmatively state on the record that it was taking judicial notice of
these documents is not dispositive. We have held the trial court may be presumed to have taken
judicial notice of the records in the court’s file without any request being made and without an
announcement that it has done so. In re A.X.A., 2009 WL 5150068, at *4 n. 3. A “trial court is
presumed to judicially know what has previously taken place in the case tried before it, and the
parties are not required to prove facts that a trial court judicially knows.” In re J.J.C., 302
S.W.3d 436, 446 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, pet. denied) (internal quotations and
citation omitted). Accordingly, the trial court could consider the family service plan, and the
order adopting same, as evidence of what appellant was required to do to get her children back.
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Appellant also contends there is insufficient evidence that appellant failed to comply with
any such court order; rather, the only evidence was appellant’s testimony that she “finished
everything on her family service plan.” We disagree.
The family service plan, which the court ordered appellant to comply with, required
appellant to, among other things: (1) participate in individual therapy and attend all appointments
on time and as scheduled; (2) participate in a psychological evaluation and follow any
recommendations made as a result of the evaluation; (3) maintain stable housing and provide the
Department with three utility bills in her name as proof; (4) make child support payments and
make payment arrangements to remain current on child support; (5) demonstrate an ability to put
the children’s needs ahead of her own; (6) understand and support her children’s efforts to deal
with issues relating to their mistreatment; (7) understand the children and see them in a more
positive way; and (8) demonstrate an ability to protect the children from harm. The Department
presented evidence that appellant failed to comply with each of these requirements.
Pam Hanson, appellant’s individual counselor for the six months preceding trial, testified
she had difficulty with appellant keeping appointments. Hanson stated appellant’s residence had
a tall fence around it and a locked gate. Hanson would call appellant and advise her she was
coming over for a scheduled appointment, which was set up around appellant’s schedule.
However, when Hanson arrived and called appellant to come and unlock the gate, appellant
“wouldn’t pick up.” According to Hanson, appellant would call her several hours or days later to
apologize, giving excuses like she was “[i]n the bathroom, didn’t hear [the] phone, didn’t know
[Hanson] was out there.” Hanson said appellant missed at least three appointments, resulting in
the sessions being terminated “for noncompliance.” When asked what the missed appointments
indicated as far as appellant’s progress, Hanson stated, “It’s not good.” The sessions were
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ultimately resumed when Hanson was asked to continue them by a new Department caseworker,
but the best Hanson could state about attendance after resumption was that it “got better.”
During her testimony, when asked if she was still in therapy, appellant said, “I – I don’t know,”
but admitted she had not seen a therapist recently.
Hanson also testified about appellant’s inability to maintain a stable home. Hanson stated
that until recently, appellant was living with Gonzales’s mother, a situation Hanson considered
unstable and detrimental to appellant. Rosindo Rodriguez, a Department caseworker who
worked with the family in the months leading up to the trial, also testified about appellant’s
inability to obtain a stable home. According to Rodriguez, appellant moved often. At one point,
she was living with Gonzales’s mother, but was evicted. She then moved in with a couple, but
ultimately moved out. Rodriguez testified that as of the date of trial, he had no idea where
appellant was living.
The record shows appellant had her own residence for only two of the eighteen months
the Department was involved. However, when pressed, appellant could not say exactly where
the home was located, stating only that it was approximately nine miles from San Antonio, and
she had no idea of the applicable school district. Appellant admitted that for most of the time the
Department was involved with her family, she continued to live with Gonzales–despite the safety
plan and her admission that he beat her at least twice in front of C.M.V. One of those beatings
occurred while she was pregnant with T.M.V. Appellant testified she was “like a prisoner,” but
admitted she failed to seek help even while taking domestic violence classes. Appellant also
admitted that when she finally moved away from Gonzales, she moved in with his mother, who
she claimed “treated me the same way he did.”
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Rodriguez also testified about appellant’s psychological testing and the failure of
appellant to follow through with recommendations made as a result of the testing. Rodriguez
stated appellant was diagnosed with “bipolar 2 disorder, personality disorder and NOS
narcissistic features.” However, appellant failed to follow up on the recommendations made
after testing and diagnosis. She was referred to the Center for Healthcare Services, but made no
effort to take advantage of the referral. In fact, according to Rodriguez, appellant has completely
failed to demonstrate any insight into her mental instability. Rodriguez testified that when
appellant was presented with the results of her psychological examination, she denied there was
anything wrong with her. Appellant testified she was taking Prozac for stress and “mood
swings.” She apparently obtained the prescription from her personal physician after she advised
him of her diagnoses and told him she was under a lot of stress.
Appellant was ordered to pay $250.00 per month in child support. Appellant admitted
she did not pay any of the court-ordered child support even though she has had a full time job for
the past nine or ten months. Appellant claimed she tried to pay, blaming her failure on the child
support office, claiming she was unable to pay online and she was never sent the proper forms to
pay. Appellant admitted she has no documentation to prove she tried to pay.
As to the court-ordered service plan requirements relating specifically to the care of her
children, the Department presented significant evidence in this regard, and appellant’s own
testimony demonstrated her lack of understanding and ability to deal with her children’s issues.
Appellant was required to demonstrate an ability to put the children’s needs ahead of her own,
understand and support her children’s efforts to deal with issues relating to their mistreatment,
understand the children and see them in a more positive way, and demonstrate an ability to
protect the children from harm. The most significant evidence as to appellant’s failure as to
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these requirements was her refusal to admit causing any physical harm to her children.
According to caseworker Rodriguez, appellant continually claimed the children were lying about
allegations of abuse. She denied dragging one of the children across the floor by her hair as the
child claimed. Appellant also denied causing that same child’s black eyes, claiming the black
eyes were a result of the child’s asthma, allergies, and that she is “half white and half black.”
Appellant also denied a claim by one of the children that appellant cut Gonzales with a pair of
scissors. Appellant asserted the child was confused and Gonzales actually cut himself by
stepping on the scissors.
Rodriguez testified he explained the children’s issue to appellant, including one child’s
diagnosis of ADHD and behavior problems, but appellant often denies the existence of such
issues, claiming the children did not have these problems while in her care. This is part of a
pattern of denial by appellant to the existence of her children’s needs. Appellant’s inability to
admit to the claims of abuse by the children, as well as her continued refusal to take any
responsibility, at least until right before trial, is evidence of her inability to assist the children in
dealing with their mistreatment and to protect them from harm.
The only testimony to contradict that described above was appellant’s conclusory claims
that she “pretty much did everything on my plan” and “finished everything, to my knowledge.”
The evidence refutes appellant’s claims, and in fact her testimony establishes there were portions
of the court-ordered service plan with which she never complied.
After considering the evidence set forth above, as well as the rest of the evidence in the
record, we hold the trial court could have reasonably formed a firm belief or conviction that the
appellant failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the
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actions necessary for her to obtain the return of her children. See In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266.
Accordingly, we overrule appellant’s sufficiency contention in this regard.
CONCLUSION
Based upon our analysis of the evidence in light of the appropriate standard of review, we
hold there is sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s findings leading to the termination of
appellant’s parental rights. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Marialyn Barnard, Justice
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