Note: Decisions of a three-justice panel are not to be considered as precedent before any tribunal.
ENTRY ORDER
SUPREME COURT DOCKET NO. 2013-002
JULY TERM, 2013
Mary Duggan } APPEALED FROM:
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}
v. } Employment Security Board
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Department of Labor (Addison-Rutland }
Supervisory Union, Employer) } DOCKET NO. 08-12-150-11
In the above-entitled cause, the Clerk will enter:
Claimant appeals from the denial of her request for unemployment benefits. She argues
that the Employment Security Board erred in finding that she voluntarily left her job without
good cause attributable to her employer. Claimant maintains that the uncontroverted facts show
that she left her employment because of her health condition. We affirm.
The record indicates the following. Claimant applied for unemployment benefits in July
2012. A claims adjudicator denied her request, finding that claimant left her employment
voluntarily without good cause attributable to her employer. An administrative law judge (ALJ)
reached a contrary conclusion, finding that claimant’s employment ended due to a certified
health condition that precluded claimant from performing her job duties. Employer appealed to
the Board, which reversed the ALJ’s decision. The Board concluded that claimant left her
employment voluntarily without good cause attributable to her employer.
In reaching its decision, the Board found as follows. Claimant worked for eleven years
as an information technology director for employer. She was employed on a year-round basis.
Claimant’s doctor advised claimant as early as February 2012 that she should resign due to
severe disabling anxiety. Claimant informed employer on April 25, 2012 that she was resigning
for personal reasons, and that she would continue to work through June 30, 2012, the date her
contract expired. In mid-May, however, claimant took a paid medical leave of absence.
Claimant was approved for up to twelve weeks of leave, with reinstatement rights thereafter.
Claimant remained on paid leave until her contract expired. Claimant was given an unrestricted
medical release to return to work, in her same or similar capacity, on July 1, 2012.
The Board found this to be an unusual case. Claimant professed to have left her job for
health reasons, yet, as of the effective date of her resignation, she had no medical restrictions on
her ability to work in her customary profession. When claimant tendered her resignation, she
intended to work only through the end of her contract, but not beyond that date. While it was
true that claimant stopped physically coming to work shortly after submitting her resignation, her
employer treated her as someone temporarily out on medical leave. Claimant continued to be
compensated as an employee until the date that she had previously indicated would be her last.
As attested to by her health care provider, claimant was then able to work without restriction.
Under these circumstances, the Board concluded that the proximate cause of claimant’s
unemployment was not her health condition, but rather, her voluntary decision to leave her
employment. Because claimant failed to show that this decision was based on good cause
attributable to the employer, the Board concluded that she was disqualified from receiving
unemployment benefits. Claimant appealed from this decision.
Claimant argues that the Board should have found in her favor. She asserts that she
presented compelling evidence, including medical documentation and her own testimony, to
show that she had to leave her job for health reasons. Claimant maintains that she should not be
ineligible for benefits simply because she became available to work immediately after she left
employer’s employ, or because she submitted a letter of resignation prior to requesting medical
leave.
Our review of the Board’s decision is deferential. We presume that decisions within the
Board’s expertise are “correct, valid, and reasonable,” unless there is “a clear showing to the
contrary.” Bouchard v. Dep’t of Emp’t & Training, 174 Vt. 588, 589 (2002) (mem.). We “will
uphold the Board’s factual findings unless clearly erroneous, and its conclusions of law if fairly
and reasonably supported by those findings of fact.” Id. at 510 (citation omitted).
As set forth above, a claimant is disqualified from receiving benefits if he or she left her
“last employing unit voluntarily without good cause attributable to such employing unit.” 21
V.S.A. § 1344(a)(2)(A). The health-leaving provision of the Unemployment Compensation Act
allows a claimant to receive benefits if the Commissioner of the Department of Labor finds that
the claimant left his or her employment without good cause attributable to the employer “because
of a health condition, as certified by a health care provider . . . , which precludes the discharge of
duties inherent in such employment.” Id. § 1344(a)(3).
We have addressed the health-leaving provision in two cases, Davis v. Department of
Employment Security, 140 Vt. 269 (1981), and Favreau v. Department of Employment &
Training, 156 Vt. 572 (1991). In Davis, the claimant was a schoolteacher whose health began to
deteriorate in the middle of the school year. The claimant completed the school year against her
doctor’s recommendation but with his consent. The claimant was offered a contract for the
following year but declined to accept it. Several months after her last day of work, the claimant
applied for unemployment benefits, indicating that she had been cleared for work by her doctor.
The Board found that the claimant fell within the health-leaving provision of the law and we
affirmed its decision on appeal, finding the decision supported by the evidence.
In Favreau, the claimant failed to persuade the Board that the health-leaving provision
applied. The claimant in that case suffered from physical and mental difficulties during his
employment. The claimant informed his employer that he was resigning but did not mention that
it was for health reasons. One week after his last day of work, the claimant visited a doctor who
certified that the claimant had a previously-undiagnosed physical ailment that rendered him
physically unable to perform his job duties. The doctor indicated that claimant could not
perform the normal duties of his job as of the first day his incapacitation was declared; however,
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the doctor noted that he was able to work on the effective date of his claim for unemployment
benefits, which was the day after he left his employment. The doctor provided no information
about the nature of the claimant’s disability or the duties and physical requirements of his last
job. As indicated, the Board concluded that claimant left his employment voluntarily without
good cause attributable to his employer and not because of a health condition that that precluded
him from discharging duties inherent in his employment.
We affirmed the Board’s decision on appeal. We rejected the claimant’s assertion that
the mere submission of a physician’s certification “end[ed] the inquiry as to why a claimant left
an employment.” 156 Vt. at 576. We found that the medical certificate submitted in Favreau
contained virtually no information indicating that the claimant had a medical condition that
precluded the discharge of duties inherent in his employment. There was other evidence,
moreover, including the claimant’s letter of resignation that weighed against a conclusion that
the claimant left his employment for health-related reasons. Although the claimant believed his
evidence was persuasive, the Board concluded otherwise, and we declined to reweigh the
evidence on appeal.
We agree with appellee that this case is more like Favreau than Davis. Like Favreau, the
Board considered the argument put forth by claimant, and rejected it. As we emphasized in
Favreau, “[o]ur function on appeal is not to weigh the evidence anew as a trier of fact but to
determine if the Board’s findings and conclusions are supported by credible evidence.” Id. at
577; see also Pfenning v. Dep’t of Emp’t & Training, 151 Vt. 50, 52 (1989) (explaining that
Supreme Court “must uphold the decision of the Board if it is fairly within the discretion granted
to it”). The evidence here supports the Board’s conclusion that claimant resigned voluntarily
without good cause attributable to her employer, and that she did not resign due to a health
condition that precluded her from discharging the duties inherent in her employment.
As the Board explained, claimant submitted a letter of resignation, effective the final day
of her contract. She was paid as an employee up to the date of her resignation. While claimant
professed to have left her job for health reasons, she was medically cleared to work in her
customary profession as of the effective date of her resignation. Under these circumstances, it
was reasonable to conclude that the proximate cause of claimant’s unemployment was not her
health condition, but rather, her voluntary decision to leave her employment. In reaching its
conclusion, the Board did not rely solely on the fact that claimant took medical leave after she
submitted her resignation, as claimant suggests.
We note, moreover, that the medical certification form submitted by claimant contained
no description of the nature of claimant’s illness, other than unexplained numerical references.
The form did not explain why claimant’s illness rendered her incapable of performing her job
duties only until the date of her resignation, when she was then capable of performing such work.
The fact that claimant’s doctor found her able to work in her customary profession as of the
effective date of her resignation was relevant and the Board did not err in considering it. See
Davis, 140 Vt. at 275 (explaining that factfinder is charged with passing on the claim for
unemployment compensation “and the evaluation of all factors surrounding the claim is properly
within the Department’s expertise”). Indeed, this information was provided in the certification
notice that claimant submitted as part of her application for unemployment compensation. It was
for the Board to evaluate the evidence, and the Board concluded that claimant failed to meet her
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burden of proof. While claimant disagrees with this result, she fails to show that the evidence
was “wholly insufficient to allow the Board to reach the conclusion it did.” Bouchard, 174 Vt.
at 589 (quotation omitted).
Affirmed.
BY THE COURT:
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Paul L. Reiber, Chief Justice
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Marilyn S. Skoglund, Associate Justice
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Brian L. Burgess, Associate Justice
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