IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Matthew E. Petro, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 1446 C.D. 2014
: No. 1447 C.D. 2014
Unemployment Compensation : Submitted: June 12, 2015
Board of Review, :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE BERNARD L. McGINLEY, Judge
HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, Judge
HONORABLE ROCHELLE S. FRIEDMAN, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE LEAVITT FILED: October 19, 2015
Matthew Petro (Claimant) petitions for review of two adjudications of
the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) dismissing his appeals
of two determinations of the UC Service Center that Claimant was not entitled to
seven months of unemployment benefits he had received before being recalled to
work by his employer. The UC Service Center determined Claimant had to repay
the benefits he collected and pay a penalty because he had stated on his application
that his employer laid him off. Claimant appealed, but the Board held that
Claimant’s appeals were untimely under Section 501(e) of the Unemployment
Compensation Law (Law), 43 P.S. §821(e).1 For the reasons that follow, we
1
Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. §821(e).
Section 501(e) states, in relevant part:
(Footnote continued on the next page . . .)
vacate the Board’s orders and remand for further development of the record on the
question of whether there has been a breakdown in the administrative process.
Claimant was employed as an Internet Manager by Infiniti of Willow
Grove (Employer). In January 2013, Employer disciplined Claimant for surfing
the Internet on company time by demoting him to salesman. The next month,
Employer laid off Claimant because of slow sales. Claimant applied for and
received unemployment benefits beginning on February 26, 2013. On September
11, 2013, Claimant applied for and received federal Emergency Unemployment
Compensation (EUC) benefits.2 The UC Service Center approved both
applications.
In October 2013, Employer recalled Claimant from the layoff, and
Claimant stopped filing for benefits. Employer filed a request for relief from
unemployment compensation charges. In response, in January 2014 the UC
Service Center requested information from Employer about Claimant’s February
2013 separation from employment. The UC Service Center also sent a
questionnaire to Claimant with a cover letter that said, “If your separation from
employment was due to a voluntary quit or discharge, your employer will also be
(continued . . .)
Unless the claimant … files an appeal with the board, from the determination …
within fifteen calendar days after such notice was delivered to him personally, or
was mailed to his last known post office address, and applies for a hearing, such
determination of the department, with respect to the particular facts set forth in
such notice, shall be final and compensation shall be paid or denied in accordance
therewith.
43 P.S. §821(e).
2
See Title IV of the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, P.L. 110-252, 122 Stat. 2323,
Section 4001, 26 U.S.C. §3304 note.
2
contacted….” Certified Record (C.R.) Item No. 3, January 15, 2014, Letter to
Matthew E. Petro, at 1. Claimant did not return the questionnaire; neither
circumstance applied to him. Employer’s questionnaire stated that it “discharged”
Claimant for “surfing the Internet for non-work related purposes and playing
online games.” C.R. Item No. 4, Employer Questionnaire, January 27, 2014, at 1.
Based on Employer’s questionnaire, the UC Service Center issued two
determinations. The first held that Claimant was not eligible for the benefits he
began receiving on February 26, 2013; the second held that Claimant was not
eligible for the EUC benefits he began receiving on September 11, 2013. The UC
Service Center found that Employer discharged Claimant in February 2013 for
willful misconduct, which rendered him ineligible for unemployment under
Section 402(e) of the Law, 43 P.S. §802(e).3 The UC Service Center also held that
because of Claimant’s “fault” in collecting approximately seven months of
compensation, he had to pay back those benefits under Section 804(a) of the Law,
43 P.S. §874(a).4 Finally, the UC Service Center imposed a penalty upon Claimant
3
Section 402(e) states that a claimant is ineligible for unemployment compensation when “his
unemployment is due to his discharge or temporary suspension from work for willful misconduct
connected with his work, irrespective of whether or not such work is ‘employment’ as defined in
this act.” 43 P.S. §802(e).
4
Section 804(a) of the Law provides, in relevant part:
Any person who by reason of his fault has received any sum as compensation
under this act to which he was not entitled, shall be liable to repay to the
Unemployment Compensation Fund to the credit of the Compensation Account a
sum equal to the amount so received by him and interest at the rate determined by
the Secretary of Revenue as provided by section 806 of the act of April 9, 1929
(P.L. 343, No. 176), known as “The Fiscal Code,” per month or fraction of a
month from fifteen (15) days after the Notice of Overpayment was issued until
paid. Such sum shall be collectible (1) in the manner provided in section 308.1 or
section 309 of this act, for the collection of past due contributions, or (2) by
deduction from any future compensation payable to the claimant under this act[.]
(Footnote continued on the next page . . .)
3
under Section 801(b) of the Law, 43 P.S. §871(b).5 Each notice of determination
informed Claimant he had 15 days to appeal, making Claimant’s appeal deadline
February 13, 2014. Claimant appealed the notices by facsimile on February 19,
2014.
The appeals were consolidated and assigned to a Referee, who held a
hearing on April 23, 2014. Claimant, appearing pro se, testified on his own behalf.
Employer did not participate. Claimant explained that he had been demoted to
salesman, but not discharged, for surfing the Internet. He was subsequently laid
off because Employer’s sales could not support five salesmen. When sales picked
up, Employer called him back to work in October of 2013.
The Referee questioned Claimant regarding why his appeal was late
and received the following explanation:
(continued . . .)
43 P.S. §874(a) (emphasis added).
5
Section 801(b) states:
Whoever makes a false statement knowing it to be false, or knowingly fails to
disclose a material fact to obtain or increase any compensation or other payment
under this act or under an employment security law of any other state or of the
Federal Government or of a foreign government, may be disqualified in addition
to such week or weeks of improper payments for a penalty period of two weeks
and for not more than one additional week for each such week of improper
payment: Provided, That no additional weeks of disqualification shall be imposed
under this section if prosecution proceedings have been instituted against the
claimant because of such misrepresentation or non-disclosure. The departmental
determination imposing penalty weeks under the provisions of this subsection
shall be subject to appeal in the manner provided in this act for appeals from
determinations of compensation. The penalty weeks herein provided for shall be
imposed against any weeks with respect to which the claimant would otherwise be
eligible for compensation, under the provisions of this act, which begin within the
four year period following the end of the benefit year with respect to which the
improper payment or payments occurred.
43 P.S. §871(b) (emphasis added).
4
[Referee]: Did you make any attempt to file any sooner than
February 19?
[Claimant]: [I d]id not. [I d]id not realize -- I did not realize that
I had to appeal this. And the reason for it is because I’ve gotten
paid under my unemployment and I did not know I was getting
basically charged back for my whole unemployment.
[Referee]: Well, you received the Determination, right?
[Claimant]: I did not. This is -- my issue is I didn’t open the
Determination because I thought it was tax information from
Unemployment and I put it in my tax file, did not open it. And
I did open it on I believe February 18 and I did immediate
action on it.
***
[Referee]: Okay. So is there any reason -- you just -- you
assumed that they were part of information regarding your
taxes, is that what you…
[Claimant]: Yes. Because it was the beginning of January. I’m
sorry, the end of January. It was the end of January, was the…
[Referee]: Okay. But you’re sure that they were there sitting
waiting for you? Did you make a stack in your office or
something or…
[Claimant]: I have a stack at home, yes. I have a stack at home
that -- of all my tax records.
C.R. Item No. 13, Notes of Testimony, April 23, 2014, at 6 – 7.
Although Employer did not participate in the hearing, it did send a
letter requesting the Referee “consider all paperwork previously submitted by the
employer” in rendering a decision. C.R. Item No. 12, at 1.6 On April 29, 2014,
6
It is unclear what other paperwork Employer was referencing. The only other relevant
paperwork of record is Employer’s questionnaire, which stated that Claimant was discharged for
willful misconduct. This is particularly confusing because Employer’s letter to the Referee also
(Footnote continued on the next page . . .)
5
and May 1, 2014, the Referee issued two decisions holding that Claimant’s appeals
were untimely. Employer then wrote to the Board that Claimant’s separation from
employment on February 22, 2013, was due to a lack of work and that its earlier
report that it was due to misconduct was incorrect. C.R. Item No. 17, Exhibit A.
On July 23, 2014, the Board affirmed the Referee’s decisions. Claimant then
petitioned for this Court’s review.7
On appeal,8 Claimant argues that the Board erred in denying his
appeal nunc pro tunc because there was a breakdown in the administrative process.
That breakdown consisted of the UC Service Center twice approving his
application for benefits without any objection from Employer. One year later, after
benefits had ceased, Employer submitted inaccurate information about the reason
for his February 2013 separation from employment. Further, Employer
acknowledges that its information was inaccurate. There was no misrepresentation
on Claimant’s part. The Department’s delays in considering his eligibility for
unemployment compensation created a breakdown in the administrative process.
(continued . . .)
implies that Employer had previously informed the UC Service Center that Employer made a
mistake in its questionnaire regarding the reason for Claimant’s separation from employment.
However, Employer’s only documentation of its error is a letter it provided to the Board after the
Referee had issued his decision. In that letter, Employer wrote: “Please be advised that
[Claimant’s] employment was terminated on February 22, 2013 due to lack of work. It was
erroneously reported earlier that his employment was terminated due to misconduct.” C.R. Item
No. 17, Exhibit A. Thus, without knowing the full extent of the paperwork submitted by
Employer prior to the Referee hearing, we cannot ascertain when Employer corrected its
mistake.
7
On October 16, 2014, this Court consolidated Claimant’s appeals.
8
Our review is to determine whether an error of law was committed, the findings of fact are
supported by substantial evidence or Claimant’s constitutional rights were violated. Miller v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 83 A.3d 484, 486 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014).
6
Section 501(e) of the Law requires that an appeal from a notice of
determination be filed within 15 days from the date the notice was delivered to the
claimant. 43 P.S. §821(e).9 However, appeals can be accepted nunc pro tunc, or
“now for then,” after the 15-day period under certain narrow circumstances.
Hessou v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 942 A.2d 194, 198 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2008). An appeal nunc pro tunc will be allowed where the late filing is
caused by extraordinary circumstances involving fraud, a breakdown in the
administrative process, or non-negligent conduct of the claimant or his counsel.
Cook v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 671 A.2d 1130, 1131 (Pa.
1996).
A breakdown in the administrative process occurs when “an
administrative board or body is negligent, acts improperly or unintentionally
misleads a party.” Union Electric Corporation v. Board of Property Assessment,
Appeals and Review of Allegheny County, 746 A.2d 581, 584 (Pa. 2000). In the
context of unemployment compensation appeals, an administrative breakdown
occurs when, for example, “a referee’s decision is mailed to an incorrect address;
adequate assistance is not provided to a claimant with cognitive impairment; or, an
official misleads a litigant as to the proper procedure for filing an appeal.” Hessou,
942 A.2d at 198.
Here, there are gaps in the record that impede meaningful, effective
appellate review. According to the Board, Claimant was issued a UC-44
determination that found Claimant eligible for benefits because the Department
“received no information from Employer to the contrary.” Board Brief at 8. After
9
See fn.1, supra.
7
Claimant returned to work with Employer, Employer “filed a request for relief
from charges on October 7, 2013.” Id. Neither the UC-44 nor the request for relief
from charges is in the record. A letter from Employer to the Referee was
introduced at the Referee’s hearing. The letter implies that Employer notified the
Department in an effort to correct the mistake it made on the questionnaire with
respect to the reason for Claimant’s separation from employment in February
2013. The record contains no records from 2013 that might explain why the UC
Service Center did not hear an objection from Employer on Claimant’s application
when it was submitted in February 2013. The Department’s 2014 questionnaire to
Claimant asked about his separation from employment, which was confusing
because it was sent at a time when he was once again employed full-time by
Employer.
A discharge is permanent and, therefore, different from a layoff.
Indeed, Employer stated, apparently, on its relief from charges that Claimant had
been recalled to work. This suggests that Claimant had been laid off, which is
inconsistent with Employer’s statement on the January 2014 questionnaire that
Claimant had been discharged.
A complete record is needed, including the request for relief from
charges; the information submitted by Employer to the UC Service Center when
Claimant applied for unemployment benefits in February 2013; and the paperwork
referenced in Employer’s letter to the Referee. As the record currently stands, we
are unable to ascertain whether there was a breakdown in the administrative
process to allow Claimant to appeal nunc pro tunc. Remand is the appropriate
remedy when effective appellate review cannot be done. Fontana v.
8
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 454 A.2d 678, 679 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1983).
Accordingly, we vacate the Board’s orders and remand this matter for
the Board to further review the procedures followed in Claimant’s case and, if
necessary, remand to a Referee to develop a more complete record. The Court will
retain jurisdiction.
______________________________
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, Judge
9
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Matthew E. Petro, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 1446 C.D. 2014
: No. 1447 C.D. 2014
Unemployment Compensation :
Board of Review, :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 19th day of October, 2015, the orders of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review dated July 23, 2014, in the above-
captioned matter are hereby VACATED and this matter is REMANDED to the
Board for further proceedings consistent with the Court’s opinion.
Jurisdiction is retained.
______________________________
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, Judge