FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION OCT 23 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
HRACH GEVORGYAN, et al., No. 11-73498
Petitioners, Agency Nos. A097-883-901,
097-883-902
v.
MEMORANDUM*
LORETTA E. LYNCH, Attorney General
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted October 20, 2015**
Pasadena, California
Before: IKUTA and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and SESSIONS,*** District Judge.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable William K. Sessions III, District Judge for the U.S.
District Court for the District of Vermont, sitting by designation.
Petitioners Hrach Gevorgyan and his wife, Aksana Simonyan, petition for
review of a final order of removal issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals
(BIA). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and deny the petition.
Gevorgyan, a citizen of Armenia, admits that he and his wife overstayed
their tourist visas but argues that the BIA erred in denying them asylum,
withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (CAT).
Gevorgyan claims that in 2004, he publicly questioned the circumstances
surrounding the death of his brother, who died while in police custody. Soon after
Gevorgyan made these public statements, he was allegedly abducted, beaten, and
threatened with death if he did not leave the country. Simonyan’s claim is
derivative of her husband’s.
The IJ concluded that Gevorgyan failed to carry his burden because his
testimony was not credible, and the BIA agreed. Gevorgyan filed his asylum
application before the effective date of the REAL ID Act. REAL ID Act, Pub.L.
No. 109–13, § 101(h) (2005). Therefore, the pre-REAL ID Act standards govern
our review of the adverse credibility finding, and “minor inconsistencies that do
not go to the heart of an applicant’s claim for asylum cannot support an adverse
credibility determination.” Kaur v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 1061, 1064 (9th Cir. 2005).
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The BIA’s adverse credibility finding is reviewed for substantial evidence. Singh
v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 1164, 1168 (9th Cir. 2004).
An alien’s submission of a fraudulent document that goes to the heart of his
asylum claim may be used to support an adverse credibility finding, see Desta v.
Ashcroft, 365 F.3d 741, 745 (9th Cir. 2004), unless the alien had no reason to know
that the document was fraudulent and his testimony is otherwise consistent and
corroborated, see Yeimane-Behre v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 907, 911 (9th Cir. 2004).
Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s determination that Gevorgyan submitted a
fraudulent death certificate for his brother: Gevorgyan failed to rebut the
government’s credibility testimony that official Armenian death certificates have
used only offset printing for the past several decades. Gevorgyan’s submission of
a fraudulent death certificate goes to the heart of his asylum claim, which was
based on persecution stemming from his investigation of his brother’s death. See
Desta, 365 F.3d at 745. Further inconsistencies regarding the number of stories
Gevorgyan’s brother fell and when and who informed Gevorgyan of his brother’s
death also go to the heart of his claim. Gevorgyan was given an opportunity to
explain the inconsistencies, cf. Soto-Olarte v. Holder, 555 F.3d 1089, 1092 (9th
Cir. 2014), but did not do so. Gevorgyan further failed to provide any relevant
corroboration of his claim that his brother had died, or that he had appeared on
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television to discuss his brother’s death. Thus, substantial evidence supports the
IJ’s adverse credibility determination.
Because Gevorgyan’s testimony was not credible, we therefore conclude that
substantial evidence supports the denial of the petitioners’ applications for asylum
and withholding of removal. Farah v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 1153, 1156 (9th Cir.
2003).
Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s denial of CAT protection.
Gevorgyan’s testimony was not credible, and country condition reports do not
compel a contrary conclusion. Id. at 1157.
PETITION DENIED.
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