[Cite as Petry v. Kilbarger Constr., Inc., 2015-Ohio-4662.]
COURT OF APPEALS
MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DEREK PETRY : JUDGES:
: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
: Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
-vs- :
:
KILBARGER CONSTRUCTION, INC. :
:
Defendant-Appellant :
:
and : Case No. CT2015-0011
:
ADMINISTRATOR, BUREAU OF :
WORKERS' COMPENSATION :
:
Defendant-Appellee : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, Case No. CD2009-0400
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: November 6, 2015
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
A. JAMES TSANGEOS SARA L. ROSE
1810 36th Street, NW P.O. Box 188
Canton, OH 44709 Pickerington, OH 43147
For Administrator, BWC
NATALIE J. TACKETT
150 East Gay Street
22nd Floor
Columbus, OH 43215-3130
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 2
Farmer, J.
{¶1} Nathan Hallowell, Robert Perry, and appellee, Derek Petry, all worked for
appellant, Kilbarger Construction Company, as drilling riggers. On November 14, 2007,
the three were driving home from work together, approximately two hours/ninety miles
from the drilling site. The driver, appellee, fell asleep and drove off the road. Mr.
Hallowell was killed and appellee and Mr. Perry sustained injuries. All three filed claims
for workers' compensation (Sue McMasters on behalf of Mr. Hallowell's dependent).
Appellant contested the claims, arguing the accident did not arise out of the employees'
employment. By order dated March 10, 2009, the Industrial Commission allowed
appellee's claim (Claim No. 07-890721).
{¶2} On May 19, 2009, appellant filed an appeal to the Court of Common
Pleas.1 All parties filed motions for summary judgment. By findings and decision filed
December 5, 2011, the trial court granted summary judgment to appellee, finding he
was in the scope of his employment at the time of the accident. The trial court
instructed appellee to prepare an entry in conformity with its decision. By judgment
entry filed February 6, 2012, the trial court granted summary judgment to appellee,
finding the accident occurred within the course and scope, and arose out of, his
employment with appellant. Appellant filed an appeal to this court on February 24, 2012
(Case No. 2012-CA-13). In an opinion filed September 21, 2012, this court dismissed
the case for lack of a final appealable order, noting the trial court failed to determine the
1The Industrial Commission also allowed the claims of Sue McMasters on behalf of Mr.
Hallowell and Mr. Perry. Appellant appealed those cases as well. The trial court filed
an order of consolidation on September 21, 2010.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 3
injuries sustained by appellee that should be allowed in the claim. See, Petry v.
Kilbarger Construction, Inc., 5th Dist. Muskingum No. 2012-CA-13, 2012-Ohio-4355.
{¶3} By stipulated judgment entry filed August 5, 2013, the trial court
determined appellee's injuries for purposes of workers' compensation benefits.
{¶4} In a judgment entry filed February 13, 2015, the trial court awarded
appellee's attorney the statutory maximum amount of $4,200.00 for attorney fees and
$1,102.53 for litigation expenses as against appellant.
{¶5} Appellant filed an appeal of the trial court's February 6, 2012 judgment
entry and February 13, 2015 judgment entry, and this matter is now before this court for
consideration. Assignments of error are as follows:
I
{¶6} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING APPELLEE'S SUMMARY
JUDGMENT MOTION AND IN DENYING KILBARGER'S SUMMARY JUDGMENT
MOTION, BECAUSE APPELLEE'S ACCIDENT DID NOT ARISE OUT OF HIS
EMPLOYMENT."
II
{¶7} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING APPELLEE'S MOTION FOR
ATTORNEY FEES AND TAXATION OF COSTS OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS."
I
{¶8} Appellant claims the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to
appellee. We disagree.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 4
{¶9} Summary Judgment motions are to be resolved in light of the dictates of
Civ.R. 56. Said rule was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in State ex rel.
Zimmerman v. Tompkins, 75 Ohio St.3d 447, 448, 1996-Ohio-211:
Civ.R. 56(C) provides that before summary judgment may be
granted, it must be determined that (1) no genuine issue as to any
material fact remains to be litigated, (2) the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law, and (3) it appears from the evidence that
reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion, and viewing such
evidence most strongly in favor of the nonmoving party, that conclusion is
adverse to the party against whom the motion for summary judgment is
made. State ex. rel. Parsons v. Fleming (1994), 68 Ohio St.3d 509, 511,
628 N.E.2d 1377, 1379, citing Temple v. Wean United, Inc. (1977), 50
Ohio St.2d 317, 327, 4 O.O3d 466, 472, 364 N.E.2d 267, 274.
{¶10} As an appellate court reviewing summary judgment motions, we must
stand in the shoes of the trial court and review summary judgments on the same
standard and evidence as the trial court. Smiddy v. The Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio
St.3d 35 (1987).
{¶11} R.C. 4123.01(C) defines "injury" for purposes of workers' compensation
benefits as: "any injury, whether caused by external accidental means or accidental in
character and result, received in the course of, and arising out of, the injured
employee's employment."
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 5
{¶12} Appellant argues the accident did not "arise out of" appellee's
employment. Appellant argues in its brief at 8 that when a "fixed-situs employee is
injured while commuting from work, his claim for workers' compensation benefits is
barred by the coming-and-going rule" unless an exception applies: "based on the totality
of the circumstances, a casual connection exists between the injury and the
employment" and/or "the injury was caused by a 'special hazard' created by the
employment." In its brief at 9, 11 and 13, appellant concedes appellee was a fixed-situs
employee and the accident occurred while he was commuting home from his fixed work
site.
{¶13} In Ruckman v. Cubby Drilling, Inc., 81 Ohio St.3d 117, 119, 1998-Ohio-
455, the Supreme Court of Ohio explained the "coming-and-going rule" as follows:
The coming-and-going rule is a tool used to determine whether an
injury suffered by an employee in a traffic accident occurs "in the course
of" and "arise[s] out of" the employment relationship so as to constitute a
compensable injury under R.C. 4123.01(C). "As a general rule, an
employee with a fixed place of employment, who is injured while traveling
to or from his place of employment, is not entitled to participate in the
Workers' Compensation Fund because the requisite causal connection
between injury and the employment does not exist." MTD Products, Inc.
v. Robatin (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 66, 68, 572 N.E.2d 661, 663, citing
Bralley v. Daugherty (1980), 61 Ohio St.2d 302, 15 O.O.3d 359, 401
N.E.2d 448. The rationale supporting the coming-and-going rule is that
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 6
"[t]he constitution and the statute, providing for compensation from a fund
created by assessments upon the industry itself, contemplate only those
hazards to be encountered by the employe[e] in the discharge of the
duties of his employment, and do not embrace risks and hazards, such as
those of travel to and from his place of actual employment over streets
and highways, which are similarly encountered by the public generally."
Indus. Comm. v. Baker (1933), 127 Ohio St. 345, 188 N.E. 560, paragraph
four of the syllabus.
{¶14} As explained by the Ruckman court at 121-122: " 'The "arising out of"
element***contemplates a causal connection between the injury and the employment.' "
{¶15} In order to analyze the facts for a causal connection, it is necessary to
examine the applicability of the "totality of the facts and circumstances" test as set forth
in Lord v. Daugherty, 66 Ohio St.2d 441 (1981), and/or the "special hazard or risk rule"
enumerated in MTD Products, Inc. v. Robatin, 61 Ohio St.3d 66 (1991).
{¶16} The "totality of the facts and circumstances" test is set forth in Lord, supra,
at syllabus:
Whether there is a sufficient "causal connection" between an
employee's injury and his employment to justify the right to participate in
the Worker's Compensation Fund depends on the totality of the facts and
circumstances surrounding the accident, including, (1) the proximity of the
scene of the accident to the place of employment, (2) the degree of control
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 7
the employer had over the scene of the accident, and (3) the benefit the
employer received from the injured employee's presence at the scene of
the accident.
{¶17} The "special hazard or risk rule" is explained in MTD Products, supra, at
68:
More recently, in Littlefield v. Pillsbury Co., supra, [6 Ohio St.3d 389
(1983)] we also recognized the "special hazard or risk" exception to the
general rule. In Littlefield we held that when the employment creates a
"special hazard," an employee is entitled to workers' compensation
benefits if he sustains injuries because of that hazard. Furthermore, we
held that the rule applies where: (1) "but for" the employment, the
employee would not have been at the location where the injury occurred,
and (2) the risk is distinctive in nature or quantitatively greater than the risk
common to the public. Id. at syllabus.
{¶18} As further analyzed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in Ruckman, supra, at
124:
Accordingly, we now expressly limit the syllabus of Littlefield to
state a test for determining only whether a traffic injury suffered by a fixed-
situs employee while coming or going from work arises out of the
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 8
employment relationship. If an employee's injury occurs in the course of
his employment, yet fails the Lord three-part test for causation, a fixed-
situs employee may, nevertheless, demonstrate the required causal
connection between employment and injury under the special hazard rule
of causation.
{¶19} The facts are not in dispute. Appellee was hired by appellant to work on
Rig No. 4 in Utica, Ohio. Schein aff. at ¶ 6; Sturm aff. at ¶ 3 and 4. Appellee was part
of a three-member crew. Schein aff. at ¶ 6; Sturm aff. at ¶ 3 Each crew member was
given a "per diem" for expenses separate and apart from their hourly wage. Perry depo.
at 33; Petry depo. at 31. The crew was hired nine days prior to the accident and worked
on the rig in the same location, although it was anticipated that Rig. No. 4 would move
to other sites and the crew would follow the rig. Perry depo. at 31-32, 41; Petry depo. at
30, 36, 39; Sturm aff. at ¶ 5. The three employees, including appellee, lived some two
hours/ninety miles away from the rig site. Perry depo. at 62-63; Petry depo. at 54, 112.
When the accident occurred, the employees were traveling home from the site after
working sixteen hours. Perry depo. at 81-82; Petry depo. at 48-49, 130. The accident
occurred approximately one and one-half hours after leaving the site. Perry depo. at 93.
The employees were not paid for any of their time driving to and from the site, and their
job duties did not commence until they arrived at the site. Perry depo. at 79; Petry
depo. at 97.
{¶20} From the facts sub judice, the totality of the circumstances test does not
apply.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 9
{¶21} As for the special hazard or risk rule, it is conceded by the facts that "but
for" the employment, appellee would not have been driving on the road at the time and
"but for" the commute, he would not have been involved in an accident. However,
satisfying only one prong of the Littlefield test is not sufficient. It must also be
established that "the risk is distinctive in nature or quantitatively greater than the risk
common to the public." MTD Products, supra.
{¶22} The analysis now is whether appellant created the "special hazard."
Under the facts of this case, we answer in the affirmative for the following reasons.
{¶23} Appellant hired appellee knowing he would have to travel from his home to
Rig No. 4 in Utica, Ohio, or any other location where Rig No. 4 may be utilized. Sturm
depo. at 17, 19-20, 31. In fact, Rig No. 4 was moved the day of the accident to another
site in Utica. Perry depo. at 60-61; Petry depo. at 36. "[I]t was impossible for them to fix
their commute in relation to these remote work sites." Ruckman at 124. The per diem
given by appellant to each crew member was probably sufficient to pay for overnight
housing, but it had yet to be paid. Perry depo. at 34; Petry aff. at ¶ 6. The per diem
was insufficient to compensate them for a physical relocation to wherever Rig No. 4
would be located. "Although the riggers worked within an area of a one-day drive, that
area was not so limited as to bring the riggers' travel to the varying work sites in line
with work commutes common to the public." Ruckman at 125.
{¶24} Given the facts that working at various sites necessitated travel and the
very nature of the employment mandated lengthy travel, the crew members were not
compensated for housing, and appellant required the crew members to work long hours
and extras hours, we find the special hazard rule has been fulfilled as in Ruckman at
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 10
125: "Here, however, the employment relationship dictates that the riggers undertake
interstate and lengthy intrastate commutes, thereby significantly increasing their
exposure to traffic risks associated with highway travel. Accordingly, because of the
combination of all these factors, the riggers have established a risk quantitatively
greater than risks common to the public." Therefore, appellee is entitled to participate in
the workers' compensation fund.
{¶25} Upon review, we find the trial court did not err in granting summary
judgment to appellee.
{¶26} Assignment of Error I is denied.
II
{¶27} Appellant claims the trial court erred in awarding appellee's attorney
attorney fees and litigation expenses. We disagree.
{¶28} R.C. 4123.512 governs workers' compensation appeals. Subsection (F)
states:
The cost of any legal proceedings authorized by this section,
including an attorney's fee to the claimant's attorney to be fixed by the trial
judge, based upon the effort expended, in the event the claimant's right to
participate or to continue to participate in the fund is established upon the
final determination of an appeal, shall be taxed against the employer or
the commission if the commission or the administrator rather than the
employer contested the right of the claimant to participate in the fund. The
attorney's fee shall not exceed forty-two hundred dollars.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 11
{¶29} The decision to grant or deny fees under R.C. 4123.512(F) lies within the
sound discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of
discretion. Azbell v. Newark Group, Inc., 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 07 CA 00001, 2008-
Ohio-2639. In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial court's
decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error of law
or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217 (1983).
{¶30} In its judgment entry filed February 13, 2015, the trial court determined the
following:
Upon Motion of Plaintiff, and for good cause shown, IT IS HEREBY
ORDERED, that Defendant, Kilbarger Construction Company, shall pay
the statutory attorney fees of $4,200.00, and reimburse him for the costs
of legal proceedings, totaling $1,102.53, incurred in obtaining an Entry
successfully establishing his right to participate in the Workers'
Compensation Fund ("Fund"). Plaintiff's costs of legal proceedings
include:
Exhibit 1 Stenographic deposition of Derek Petry
($381.00)................................................................$190.50
(shared with Ayers)
Exhibit 2 Stenographic deposition of B. Sturm,
D. Burer, D. O'Brien, & G. Smith ($294.65)............$147.33
(shared with Ayers)
Exhibit 3 Video & Stenographic deposition of Mr. Perry
($437.60)................................................................$214.67
(shared with Ayers)
Exhibit 4 Witness fee for Terry Boyd.........................................$9.40
Exhibit 5 Medical records-Grant Medical Center...................$110.19
Exhibit 6 Travel expenses (Affidavit Paragraph V)................$402.39
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 12
Exhibit 6 Postage (Affidavit Paragraph VI)..............................$33.06
Total.....................................................................................$1,107.54
.
{¶31} In its appellate brief at 25, appellant argues the only expenses that should
have been awarded were the costs associated with the stenographic deposition
transcripts of appellee, Robert Perry, and Brian Sturm. We note appellee's attorney
filed an affidavit, attached to the August 26, 2013 motion for attorney fees, setting forth
the hours expended and his hourly fee, amounting to well over the statutory maximum
of $4,200.00.
{¶32} We conclude, as did the trial court, that the extensive nature of the case,
including some ninety docket filings, and the complexity of the issues as discussed in
Assignment of Error I, are sufficient to support the award of attorney fees and litigation
expenses.
{¶33} Upon review, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding
appellee's attorney attorney fees and litigation expenses.
{¶34} Assignment of Error II is denied.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2015-0011 13
{¶35} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Muskingum County, Ohio
is hereby affirmed.
By Farmer, J.
Gwin, P.J. and
Hoffman, J. concur.
SGF/sg