IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA15-693
Filed: 19 January 2016
Hoke County, No. 11 JT 68
IN THE MATTER OF: A.L.
Appeal by Respondent-father from orders entered 23 February 2015 by Judge
Michael A. Stone in Hoke County District Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 29
December 2015.
The Charleston Group, by R. Jonathan Charleston, Jose A. Coker, and Keith T.
Roberson, for Petitioner Hoke County Department of Social Services.
Parker Poe Adams & Bernstein LLP, by Mary Katherine H. Stukes, for
Guardian ad Litem.
Leslie Rawls for Respondent-father.
STEPHENS, Judge.
Respondent-father appeals from the district court’s orders terminating his
parental rights to A.L. (“Arianna”).1 After careful review, we affirm.
Factual and Procedural Background
In December 2011, the Hoke County Department of Social Services (“DSS”)
took newborn Arianna into nonsecure custody and filed a juvenile petition alleging
that she was neglected and dependent. According to the petition, Arianna’s mother
1A stipulated pseudonym is used to protect the identity of the juvenile and for ease of reading. See
N.C.R. App. P. 3.1(b).
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
had a long history of untreated substance abuse, and Arianna tested positive for
marijuana and cocaine at birth. The petition also alleged that six previous children
had been removed from the mother’s custody and that she had relinquished her
parental rights to five children. The identity of Arianna’s father was unknown at the
time.
At the 17 February 2012 session of Juvenile Court, DSS voluntarily dismissed
the petition after the mother relinquished her parental rights to Arianna. At the
time, the identity of Arianna’s father was still unknown. Therefore, Arianna
remained in DSS custody. The district court subsequently entered a dismissal order
on 20 September 2012.
A placement review hearing was conducted on 7 September 2012, by which
time the mother had identified Respondent-father as Arianna’s putative father and
DNA testing had confirmed Respondent-father’s paternity. The district court entered
a corresponding review order on 5 November 2012. In the order, the district court
found that Respondent-father had a DSS history involving his four children with
“Nancy.”2 The court found that Respondent-father’s relationship with Nancy was the
main impediment to Respondent-father obtaining custody of Arianna because the
couple had a long history of domestic violence. Despite a no-contact order,
Respondent-father was unable to keep Nancy out of his home. Therefore, the district
2 “Nancy” is a pseudonym.
-2-
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
court maintained custody of Arianna with DSS, but nonetheless implemented a
permanent plan of reunification of Arianna with Respondent-father.
The district court subsequently changed Arianna’s permanent plan to
adoption. On 15 May 2014, DSS filed a petition to terminate Respondent-father’s
parental rights to Arianna, alleging the following grounds for termination: (1) failure
to make reasonable progress toward correcting the conditions that led to removal; (2)
willful failure to pay a reasonable portion of the cost of care for Arianna; (3) failure
to legitimate Arianna; (4) dependency; and (5) willful abandonment. See N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(2), (3), (5)-(7) (2013).
Following a hearing, the district court entered an order on 23 February 2015
terminating Respondent-father’s parental rights based upon the following grounds:
(1) failure to make reasonable progress toward correcting the conditions that led to
the placement of Arianna in DSS custody; (2) willful failure to pay a reasonable
portion of the cost of care for Arianna; and (3) willful abandonment.3 In a separate
3 In reviewing the record, we have found two discrepancies between the filed termination order and
the court’s oral rendition of its decision at the hearing. At the hearing, the district court also found
dependency as a ground for termination, but that ground is absent from the order. Additionally,
despite the court’s finding of willful abandonment in the termination order, DSS chose not to pursue
this ground at the hearing. Further, the court did not find willful abandonment as a ground for
termination in its oral rendition at the hearing. However, we conclude that any error on the part of
the district court with respect to these discrepancies is not prejudicial. As explained in the sections
that follow, the district court was justified in terminating Respondent-father’s parental rights on a
different ground. If this Court determines that the findings of fact support one ground for termination,
we need not review the other challenged grounds, see In re Humphrey, 156 N.C. App. 533, 540, 577
S.E.2d 421, 426 (2003), because only one statutory ground is necessary to support the termination of
parental rights. See In re Pierce, 67 N.C. App. 257, 261, 312 S.E.2d 900, 903 (1984).
-3-
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
disposition order entered the same day, the district court concluded that it was in
Arianna’s best interest to terminate Respondent-father’s parental rights. From both
orders, Respondent-father appeals.
Discussion
I. The district court’s jurisdiction to enter certain custody review orders
Respondent-father first argues that the district court was divested of
jurisdiction on 20 September 2012 when the court entered its order dismissing the
original juvenile petition and that the court did not re-acquire jurisdiction until DSS
filed its petition to terminate parental rights on 15 May 2014. Respondent-father
further contends that because the district court lacked jurisdiction during this time,
any custody review orders entered from 20 September 2012 to 15 May 2014 were void.
We agree.
“A . . . court’s subject matter jurisdiction over all stages of a juvenile case is
established when the action is initiated with the filing of a properly verified petition.”
In re T.R.P., 360 N.C. 588, 593, 636 S.E.2d 787, 792 (2006). Following the dismissal
of an action, however, the district court no longer has jurisdiction. See In re O.S., 175
N.C. App. 745, 749, 625 S.E.2d 606, 609 (2006) (“DSS then dismissed its juvenile
petition. Without the juvenile petition, the district court no longer had any
jurisdiction over the case.”). In this case, DSS voluntarily dismissed the juvenile
petition after the mother relinquished her parental rights, and the district court
-4-
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
thereafter entered an order dismissing the matter, concluding that the petition was
mooted by the relinquishment. Because the district court no longer had subject
matter jurisdiction over the case, its subsequent custody review orders were void.4
See In re T.R.P., 360 N.C. at 598, 360 S.E.2d at 789-90 (concluding that because the
district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction, the review hearing order was void ab
initio).
Nevertheless, Respondent-father concedes that, even if the district court did
not have jurisdiction to enter any custody review orders after the juvenile action was
dismissed, it re-acquired jurisdiction when DSS filed the petition to terminate his
parental rights on 15 May 2014.
The Juvenile Code provides
two means by which proceedings to terminate an
individual’s parental rights may be initiated: (1) by filing
a petition to initiate a new action concerning the juvenile;
or (2) in a pending child abuse, neglect, or dependency
proceeding in which the district court is already exercising
jurisdiction over the juvenile and parent, by filing a motion
to terminate pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1102.
4 In reaching this result, we reject the contention by DSS and the Guardian ad Litem (“GAL”) that the
district court never lost jurisdiction over the matter because DSS became Arianna’s custodian when
the mother relinquished her parental rights. It appears that DSS and the GAL conflate jurisdiction
and custody. While it is true that DSS acquired legal custody of Arianna by virtue of the
relinquishment, it does not necessarily follow that the relinquishment gave the district court
jurisdiction over an action that had been dismissed. Nonetheless, as we explain below, while there
was a gap in jurisdiction, the district court properly re-acquired subject matter jurisdiction when DSS
filed the termination of parental rights petition.
-5-
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
In re S.F., 190 N.C. App. 779, 783, 660 S.E.2d 924, 927 (2008). “[W]hen a petition to
terminate is filed, the petition initiates an entirely new action before the court, rather
than simply continuing a long process begun with the petition alleging abuse, neglect,
or dependency.” Id. (emphasis in original). Indeed, when a petition to terminate is
filed, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1106 requires the issuance of a new summons, and the
summons is the means by which the district court establishes subject matter
jurisdiction over the matter. Id. at 783-84, 660 S.E.2d at 927-28. By contrast, a
motion to terminate in an ongoing juvenile case requires only notice of hearing, as
the district court maintains jurisdiction “because of the ongoing proceeding[.]” Id. at
783, 660 S.E.2d at 927.
In the case at bar, DSS initiated a new action by issuing a new summons and
filing a petition to terminate Respondent-father’s parental rights. Nevertheless, in
order for the district court to obtain subject matter jurisdiction, the petitioner must
also have standing to file the petition. See In re E.X.J., 191 N.C. App. 34, 39, 662
S.E.2d 24, 27 (2008) (“If DSS does not lawfully have custody of the children, then it
lacks standing to file a petition or motion to terminate parental rights, and the
[district] court, as a result, lacks subject matter jurisdiction.”) (citation omitted),
affirmed per curiam, 363 N.C. 9, 672 S.E.2d 19 (2009). Standing to file a termination
petition is governed by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1103(a), which provides, in pertinent
part:
-6-
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
A petition or motion to terminate the parental rights of
either or both parents to his, her, or their minor juvenile
may only be filed by one or more of the following:
....
(4) Any county department of social services,
consolidated county human services agency, or
licensed child-placing agency to which the juvenile
has been surrendered for adoption by one of the
parents or by the guardian of the person of the
juvenile, pursuant to [section] 48-3-701.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1103(a)(4) (2013). In this case, Arianna’s mother relinquished
her parental rights to Arianna and surrendered her for adoption. See N.C. Gen. Stat.
§ 48-3-701 (2013). By virtue of the mother’s relinquishment, DSS had standing to file
the termination petition pursuant to section 7B-1103(a)(4).
Thus, we hold that the district court re-acquired subject matter jurisdiction
over this matter because (1) DSS initiated a new action by issuing a new summons
and filing a termination petition, and (2) DSS had standing to file the petition due to
the mother’s relinquishment of custody of Arianna to DSS.
II. Grounds for termination of Respondent-father’s parental rights
Next, Respondent-father challenges the district court’s determination that
grounds existed to support the termination of his parental rights. Specifically, he
argues that DSS did not produce significant evidence at the termination hearing,
independent of the void review orders discussed supra, to support its findings of fact
and conclusions of law. We conclude that clear, cogent, and convincing evidence
-7-
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
properly before the district court supported those findings of fact necessary to support
the court’s conclusion of law that at least one ground existed to terminate
Respondent-father’s parental rights to Arianna.
Pursuant to section 7B-1111(a), a district court may terminate parental rights
upon a finding of one of eleven enumerated grounds. If we determine that the
findings of fact support one ground for termination, we need not review the other
challenged grounds. Humphrey, 156 N.C. App. at 540, 577 S.E.2d at 426. In making
our determination, we consider “whether the [district] court’s findings of fact were
based on clear, cogent, and convincing evidence, and whether those findings of fact
support a conclusion that parental termination should occur . . . .” In re
Oghenekevebe, 123 N.C. App. 434, 435-36, 473 S.E.2d 393, 395 (1996) (citation
omitted).
After reviewing the record, we conclude that the district court’s findings of fact
are sufficient to support the ground of failure to pay a reasonable portion of the cost
of care for the juvenile. The pertinent statute provides:
The juvenile has been placed in the custody of a county
department of social services, a licensed child-placing
agency, a child-caring institution, or a foster home, and the
parent, for a continuous period of six months next
preceding the filing of the petition or motion, has willfully
failed for such period to pay a reasonable portion of the cost
of care for the juvenile although physically and financially
able to do so.
-8-
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(3). “In determining what constitutes a ‘reasonable
portion’ of the cost of care for a child, the parent’s ability to pay is the controlling
characteristic.” In re Clark, 151 N.C. App. 286, 288, 565 S.E.2d 245, 247 (citation
omitted), disc. review denied, 356 N.C. 302, 570 S.E.2d 501 (2002). “[N]onpayment
constitutes a failure to pay a reasonable portion if and only if [the] respondent [is]
able to pay some amount greater than zero.” Id. at 289, 565 S.E.2d at 247 (citation
and internal quotation marks omitted).
The district court made the following findings of fact to support this ground for
termination:
32. In the past three (3) years, . . . Respondent[-f]ather
has worked as a mechanic and truck driver.
33. Respondent[-f]ather has paid two (2) child support
payments which total aggregate in [sic] Seven
Hundred and Fifty Dollars and 00/100 ($750.00)
during the three (3) years of the juvenile’s life.
34. Child care costs for the juvenile are nearly Five
Hundred Dollars 00/100 ($500.00) per month . . . .
35. Respondent[-f]ather has had a minimum of at least
Six Hundred Dollars 00/100 ($600.00) a month of
disposable income and failed to use the disposable
income for the payment of a reasonable portion of
cost for the juvenile.
36. Respondent[-f]ather is able to work and is gainfully
employed during relevant time periods of this
litigation, as well as time periods of the [underlying
neglect and dependency proceeding].
-9-
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
37. Respondent[-f]ather for a continuous period of Six
(6) months next [preceding] the filing of this Petition
has willfully failed for such a period to pay a
reasonable portion of the cost of care for the juvenile,
although he is physically and financially able to do
so.
Respondent-father has failed to specifically challenge any of these findings of fact as
lacking evidentiary support. Consequently, they are presumed to be supported by
competent evidence and are binding on appeal. See In re M.D., 200 N.C. App. 35, 43,
682 S.E.2d 780, 785 (2009) (citations omitted). Based on these findings, the district
court concluded that Arianna was placed in the custody of DSS and that Respondent-
father, for a continuous period of six months next preceding the filing of the petition,
willfully failed to pay a reasonable portion of the cost of care for Arianna despite being
physically and financially able to do so.
Respondent-father argues that the district court’s conclusion is erroneous for
a number of reasons. First, he argues that this ground requires the child to be placed
in DSS custody, and that there is no legal order placing Arianna in DSS custody
because the district court’s review orders were rendered void due to the court’s gap
in jurisdiction.5 While we again agree that the district court did not have jurisdiction
over this matter between the date of the dismissal order and the date of the
5 In a separate but related argument, Respondent-father contends that the district court erred by
finding that DSS had custody of Arianna pursuant to the mother’s relinquishment. He contends that
DSS can only gain temporary custody through nonsecure custody orders, and that those orders were
“dissolved” when the original juvenile petition was dismissed. We have already rejected this argument
supra and do not further address it here.
- 10 -
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
termination petition, we disagree that DSS was divested of custody. Respondent-
father’s argument is misplaced. DSS was given custody of Arianna by virtue of the
mother’s relinquishment, which was authorized by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 48-3-701. The
relinquishment specifically gave custody of Arianna to DSS—and this provision was
required by statute. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 48-3-703 (2013). The relinquishment
procedures arising under Chapter 48 of our General Statutes provided an alternative
avenue for DSS to lawfully obtain custody of Arianna and were not affected by the
district court’s gap in jurisdiction. Therefore, Arianna was in fact a “juvenile placed
in the custody of a county department of social services . . . .” See N.C. Gen. Stat. §
7B-1111(a)(3).
Respondent-father does not appear to challenge the district court’s finding that
he failed to pay a reasonable portion of the cost of care for the juvenile despite being
able to do so. Nonetheless, we hold that this finding is supported by the clear, cogent,
and convincing evidence of record. First, Respondent-father’s ability to pay was
established by the child support enforcement orders. See In re Becker, 111 N.C. App.
85, 94, 431 S.E.2d 820, 826 (1993) (holding that since the respondent-father had
“entered into a voluntary support agreement to pay $150.00 per month, DSS did not
need to provide detailed evidence of his ability to pay support during the relevant
time period”). The child support enforcement orders arose in a separate action
derived from a separate statutory framework—Chapter 50 of our General Statutes.
- 11 -
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
Additionally, the enforcement action had an entirely different file number (12 CVD
315) and was presided over by a different judge. Therefore, unlike the custody review
orders, the child support enforcement orders were not rendered void by the district
court’s gap in jurisdiction.
In addition, the district court made findings establishing that Respondent-
father failed to pay a reasonable amount of child support even though he had the
ability to do so. Despite being subject to a child support order, Respondent-father
made only two payments over the course of this case, and only one during the relevant
time period. Moreover, Respondent-father signed a memorandum of understanding
on two occasions acknowledging that he had the ability to pay. Lastly, we find it
telling that Respondent-father made the two payments solely in connection with
contempt proceedings against him—it appears that he never attempted to make
regular monthly payments in the agreed-upon amount, and he remained in arrears
after both payments. Thus, we conclude that the district court did not err in
terminating Respondent-father’s parental rights pursuant to section 7B-1111(a)(3),
and we accordingly affirm the district court’s orders.
III. Previous adjudication of Arianna as a dependent juvenile
Finally, we address Respondent-father’s argument that the district court erred
by finding as fact that Arianna had previously been adjudicated dependent. In
- 12 -
IN RE: A.L.
Opinion of the Court
finding of fact number 42, the district court found that “[t]he juvenile has been found
to be dependent as defined by [section] 7B-101(15).” Respondent-father argues that
this finding is unsupported by the evidence because the original juvenile petition was
dismissed.
We agree that this finding is error. It is undisputed that the district court
dismissed the original juvenile petition and never conducted an adjudication of the
petition. Consequently, the district court’s finding that Arianna was adjudicated
dependent is devoid of evidentiary support. However, this error is not prejudicial
because the district court properly terminated Respondent-father’s parental rights on
another ground, which we have affirmed supra.
AFFIRMED.
Chief Judge McGEE and Judge TYSON concur.
- 13 -