Case: 14-15783 Date Filed: 02/03/2016 Page: 1 of 6
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
Nos. 14-15783; 15-11637
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D.C. Docket No. 8:14-cv-01628-EAK-MAP
NELSON CONIGLIO,
JOYCE CONIGLIO,
husband and wife,
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
versus
BANK OF AMERICA, NA,
a foreign corporation
f.k.a. BAC Homes Loans Servicing, LP,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeals from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
________________________
(February 3, 2016)
Before TJOFLAT and ROSENBAUM, Circuit Judges, and RESTANI, * Judge.
*
Honorable Jane A. Restani, Judge for the United States Court of International Trade,
sitting by designation.
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PER CURIAM:
Bank of America, NA (“BOA”) appeals the district court’s denial of its
motions to vacate or alter and amend a $1,051,000 default judgment entered
against it. BOA argues that its failure to respond to the complaint filed by Nelson
and Joyce Coniglio (“the Coniglios”) was due to excusable neglect and as such the
district court abused its discretion in failing to vacate the default judgment. After
careful consideration and with the benefit of oral argument, we vacate and remand.
I. BACKGROUND
In July 2014, the Coniglios sued their mortgage company, BOA, asserting
violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (“TCPA”), 1 the
Florida Consumer Collection Practices Act (“FCCPA”), 2 and the Fair Debt
Collection Practices Act. The Coniglios properly served the complaint on BOA on
July 10, 2014. BOA failed to respond to the complaint and the Coniglios
successfully moved for an entry of default. The Coniglios subsequently filed for a
default judgment, which the district court granted on October 21, 2014, in the
1
The TCPA makes it unlawful to call a cellular telephone without prior consent using an
automatic telephone dialing system or an artificial or prerecorded voice. 47 U.S.C. § 227(b)(1)
(2012). The statute provides for damages in the form of either actual monetary loss or $500 per
violation, whichever is greater. Id. § 227(b)(3). If the TCPA is violated willfully or knowingly,
a court may, in its discretion, award not more than three times the statutory damages. Id. The
TCPA has a four-year statute of limitations. 28 U.S.C. § 1658(a).
2
The FCCPA prohibits communication with a debtor in collecting consumer debts when the
party knows that the debtor is represented by an attorney. Fla. Stat. § 559.72(18). The statute
provides for actual damages, as well as statutory damages, not exceeding $1,000 plus court costs
and reasonable attorney fees. Id. § 559.77(2).
2
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amount of $1,051,000. On November 5, 2014, BOA moved to vacate and set aside
the default judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1), and on
November 10, 2014, BOA filed a corrected version of the same motion, which
included call records between BOA and the Coniglios. On November 18, 2014,
BOA filed a Rule 59(e) motion to alter or amend the district court’s order. The
district court denied both motions on December 4, 2014, and on March 20, 2014,
denied a second Rule 59(e) motion. The court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1291.
II. DISCUSSION
The court reviews for abuse of discretion the district court’s denial of BOA’s
Rule 60(b)(1) motion to vacate or set aside the default judgment. Cheney v.
Anchor Glass Container Corp., 71 F.3d 848, 849 n.2 (11th Cir. 1996). The district
court abuses its discretion when it uses the incorrect legal standard, applies the law
incorrectly, follows the wrong procedure, or commits clearly erroneous findings of
fact. Heffner v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Ala., Inc., 443 F.3d 1330, 1337 (11th
Cir. 2006).
The court may relieve a party from a default judgment based on mistake,
inadvertence, surprise, excusable neglect, or any other reason that justifies relief.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(1)–(6). To establish mistake, inadvertence, or excusable
neglect, the defaulting party must show that “(1) it had a meritorious defense that
3
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might have affected the outcome; (2) granting the motion would not result in
prejudice to the non-defaulting party; and (3) a good reason existed for failing to
reply to the complaint.” In re Worldwide Web Sys., Inc., 328 F.3d 1291, 1295
(11th Cir. 2003) (quoting Fla. Physician’s Ins. Co. v. Ehlers, 8 F.3d 780, 783 (11th
Cir. 1993)). In Pioneer Investment Services Co. v. Brunswick Associates Ltd.
Partnership, the Supreme Court categorized the excusable neglect inquiry as an
equitable one and identified four factors pertinent to the analysis: “the danger of
prejudice to the [opposing party], the length of the delay and its potential impact on
judicial proceedings, the reason for the delay, including whether it was within the
reasonable control of the movant, and whether the movant acted in good faith.”
507 U.S. 380, 395 (1993).3 The Supreme Court held that excusable neglect
encompasses situations of negligence within the defaulting party’s control and
placed primary importance on the prejudice prong of the analysis. Id. at 388, 394,
397–99.
Here, the equities favor BOA. First, the district court correctly determined
that the Coniglios would not be prejudiced. The Coniglios’ arguments that they
would now be prejudiced are without merit; simple delay is insufficient for
prejudice as is requiring a party to prove its case on the merits. Second, the length
of delay was small; BOA moved to set aside the default judgment mere days after
3
Although Pioneer concerned the interpretation of a bankruptcy rule, the court analyzed the
same language in the Rule 60(b) context in reaching its decision. Id. at 393.
4
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its entry. Third, the reason for delay was an administrative failure. Contrary to the
Coniglios’ assertions that BOA had no procedures in place, BOA had established a
robust system to effectively handle the significant number of legal filings it
receives. That the system failed in this case, or was later changed, does not equate
to the complete lack of procedures previously held to be insufficient grounds for
remand and is similar to prior cases where the court has remanded based on
excusable neglect. See Walter v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield United of Wis., 181
F.3d 1198, 1200, 1202 (11th Cir. 1999) (holding that an administrative failure to
record a deadline was excusable neglect); Cheney, 71 F.3d at 850 (holding that a
breakdown in communication amongst counsel was sufficient for remand); cf.
Sloss Indus. Corp. v. Eurisol, 488 F.3d 922, 935–36 (11th Cir. 2007). Finally,
BOA acted in good faith upon learning of the complaint and did not engage in bad
faith in misplacing the complaint.
Further, BOA presented evidence of meritorious defenses to the Coniglios’
claims. The affidavits and call records BOA submitted with its corrected Rule
60(b)(1) motion are evidence that no calls were made to the Coniglios’ cell phones
during the relevant time period. BOA therefore presented evidence of a complete
defense to the TCCPA claim, namely that the alleged violations never occurred.
The district court thus incorrectly held that BOA’s asserted defense was a general
defense. With respect to the FCCPA claim, BOA also presents credible evidence
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that the Coniglios ignored BOA’s request for official authorization to speak with
their alleged attorney. This explanation could fit within the FCCPA’s bona fide
error defense4 and “might have affected the outcome.” In re Worldwide, 328 F.3d
at 1295.
Thus, all of the equities weigh in favor of vacating the default judgment, and
the district court abused its discretion in denying the Rule 60(b)(1) motion.5 See
Walter, 181 F.3d at 1202; Cheney, 71 F.3d at 850.
III. CONCLUSION
The district court abused its discretion in denying BOA’s Rule 60(b)(1)
motion to vacate the default judgment. Accordingly, we vacate the default and
default judgment and remand for further proceedings.
VACATED and REMANDED.
4
Under the bona fide error defense a debt collector is not liable if the violation was not
intentional, resulted from a bona fide error, and occurred despite the maintenance of procedures
reasonably adapted to avoid any such error. Owen v. I.C. Sys., Inc., 629 F.3d 1263, 1271 (11th
Cir. 2011); Edwards v. Niagara Credit Sols., Inc., 584 F.3d 1350, 1353 (11th Cir. 2009). The
cases cited analyze the standard under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, and the FCCPA
states that “due consideration and great weight” are to be given to federal court decisions
interpreting the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. Fla. Sta. § 559.77(5).
5
Because we hold that the district court should have vacated the default judgment, we need not
reach BOA’s alternative arguments in favor of altering or amending the default judgment.
6