J-A32009-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
JOHN F. KODENKANDETH, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant
v.
MARY F. KODENKANDETH,
Appellee No. 2050 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Orders Dated November 19, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Family Court at No(s): FD 07-1796-004
BEFORE: SHOGAN, OTT, and STABILE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 19, 2016
Appellant, John F. Kodenkandeth (“Husband”), appeals pro se from the
orders dated November 19, 2014, in this equitable distribution action
involving Appellee, Mary F. Kodenkandeth (“Wife”). We quash in part and
affirm in part.
We summarize the protracted history of this case as follows. In 1966,
Wife came to the United States from India as a Fulbright Scholar and
received a graduate degree in Periodontics from the University of Pittsburgh.
While in Pittsburgh, Wife met Husband. Wife returned to India in 1970. In
1971, Husband visited India, and the couple was married in India on July 11,
1971. The parties eventually returned to the United States. Due to
domestic abuse, Husband and Wife initially separated in November of 2007.
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Husband and Wife then permanently separated in April of 2010. Husband
filed a complaint in divorce in June of 2010.
With regard to equitable distribution, the trial court held a one-day
hearing in December of 2012 and entered an equitable distribution order on
January 22, 2013. The final divorce decree was entered on June 11, 2013.
Once the divorce decree was entered, Husband and Wife each filed cross-
appeals with this Court. On September 5, 2014, a panel of this Court
affirmed the trial court’s decision relating to the equitable distribution of the
marital estate. Kodenkandeth v. Kodenkandeth, 1082 WDA 2013, 1092
WDA 2013, 107 A.3d 219 (Pa. Super. filed September 5, 2014) (unpublished
memorandum). Neither party sought allowance of appeal with the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
After this Court rendered its decision on September 5, 2014, both
Husband and Wife filed motions in the trial court. Wife filed a motion for
clarification of the trial court’s affirmed January 22, 2013 equitable
distribution order, and Husband filed an answer and motion seeking interest,
costs, and sanctions from Wife. The trial court entered multiple orders dated
October 8, 2014, which denied relief to the parties. However, one of the
trial court’s orders did correct a roughly $6,000 mathematical error that it
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had previously calculated in relation to Husband’s interest in the marital
home.1
On November 12, 2014, Husband filed with the trial court two notices
of presentation, indicating that he would be filing motions with the trial court
on November 19, 2014. Then on November 19, 2014, Husband filed a
motion seeking reconsideration of the October 8, 2014 order and a motion
seeking imposition of a constructive trust on assets allegedly concealed by
Wife. In orders dated November 19, 2014, the trial court denied both of
Husband’s motions. On December 16, 2014, Husband filed the instant pro
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1
In the main order dated October 8, 2014, the trial court stated the
following:
This Court noted in its [Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)] Opinion of September
13, 2013 that there was a mathematical error in the calculation
as referenced by this Court in its Opinion, dated September 13,
2013, on page 6. Husband’s monetary interest in the marital
home is actually $80,054. It is not, as erroneously indicated in
paragraph 1 of the January 22, 2013 [order], $86,080.
Therefore, with respect to the marital residence, Wife owes
Husband $80,054.00.
Order, 10/8/14, at 1 ¶3. Thus, the trial court’s mathematical error was
$6,026.00. In our previous memorandum affirming the trial court’s decree,
we acknowledged the trial court’s mathematical error and included the
following language:
2
In affirming the trial court’s decree, we recognize the [trial]
court’s correction of the math error involving the sum of $6,026.
Kodenkandeth v. Kodenkandeth, 1082 WDA 2013, 1092 WDA 2013, 107
A.3d 219 (Pa. Super. filed September 5, 2014) (unpublished memorandum
at 4 n.2).
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se appeal challenging the denial of his motion for reconsideration and the
denial of his motion seeking a constructive trust. Wife is also pro se. Both
Husband and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Husband presents six issues for our review, the first three of which
contain multiple subparts. Husband’s main issues are as follows:
A. IN THE ORDER DATED NOVEMBER 19, 2014, THE COURT
ERRED IN REFUSING TO GRANT INTEREST AND COST TO
[HUSBAND] FOR THE FAILURE OF [WIFE] TO PAY INTEREST
FROM JANUARY 22, 2013 TO OCTOBER 17, 2014, FOR AMOUNTS
THAT WERE DUE TO [HUSBAND] BASED ON THE COURT ORDER
OF JANUARY 22, 2013.
B. TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING WIFE A CREDIT FOR
$6026 FOR MARITAL RESIDENCE TOWARDS THE REAL ESTATE
COMMISSION AND REAL ESTATE TRANSFER TAX. ON AN EX
PARTE BASIS WITHOUT A HEARING. FURTHER WIFE PAID
NO REAL ESTATE TAX NOR REAL ESTATE COMMISSION FOR THE
TRANSFER OF THE HUSBAND’S INTEREST IN THE MARITAL
RESIDENCE. ON OR ABOUT OCTOBER 17, 2014. AND THIS
RESULTED IN UNJUST ENRICHMENT BY [WIFE] BY $6026 AND
ACCRUED INTEREST.
C. TRIAL COURT ERRED, WHEN IT DENIED [HUSBAND’S]
PETITION DATED NOVEMBER 19, 2014 TO IMPOSE
CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST, FOR THE UNJUST ENRICHMENT BY THE
WIFE DUE TO ERRORS OF LAW, ERRORS OF OMISSION, AND
ABUSE OF DISCRETION.
D. COURT ERRED BY DENYING [HUSBAND’S] PETITION
DATED NOV 19, 2014, TO ALLOW DISCOVERY PURSUANT TO 23
Pa CSA §3305(C) FOR THE CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST A & R.
E. COURT ERRED BY DENYING [HUSBAND’S] PETITION
DATED NOV 19, 2014, TO IMPOSE A PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
ON THE WIFE TO PREVENT DISSIPATION OF THE FUNDS THAT
BELONG TO THE CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST A & R.
F. TRIAL COURT ERRED, IN CLAIMING IN THE TRIAL COURT
OPINION, DATED FEBRUARY 17, 2015, THAT [HUSBAND]
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SHOULD HAVE APPEALED THE TRIAL COURT ORDER OF
OCTOBER 8, 2014, AND CONCLUDES THAT [HUSBAND’S]
MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION OF NOVEMBER 19, 2014, IS
UNTIMELY, AND HENCE [HUSBAND’S] APPEAL FROM THAT
ORDER FOR THE MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION SHOULD BE
QUASHED.
Appellant’s Brief at 4-8 (verbatim).
Before we review the issues presented by Husband, we must address
the timeliness of a portion of this appeal, as it appears that Husband filed his
notice of appeal concerning the orders dated October 8, 2014, beyond the
time period permitted by law. Specifically, Husband’s issues A and B pertain
to the order of the trial court dated October 8, 2014. In issue F, Husband
lambasts the trial court for concluding that an appeal from the trial court’s
orders dated October 8, 2014, is untimely. Because the timeliness of an
appeal implicates our jurisdiction, we cannot address the merits of these
issues raised by Husband before determining whether such an appeal was
timely filed. Krankowski v. O’Neil, 928 A.2d 284, 285 (Pa. Super. 2007).
It is undisputed that a notice of appeal must be filed within thirty days
of the disputed order. Pa.R.A.P. 903(a). In addition, Pa.R.A.P. 1701
addresses the effect that an application for reconsideration has on the
appeal process. This rule tolls the time for taking an appeal only when the
court files “an order expressly granting reconsideration . . . within the time
prescribed by these rules for the filing of a notice of appeal.” Schoff v.
Richter, 562 A.2d 912, 913 (Pa. Super. 1989) (citing Pa.R.A.P. 1701).
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Phrased differently the trial court is permitted to grant
reconsideration only if such action is taken during the applicable
appeal period. An order granting reconsideration will only be
effective if it is made and entered on the docket before
expiration of the applicable appeal period, 30 days from the
entry of the order which is the subject of the reconsideration
motion, and if it states that it is expressly granting
reconsideration. It should be emphasized that the Rule requires
reconsideration to be expressly granted. It is insufficient for the
trial court to merely set a hearing date on the reconsideration
motion or issue a Rule to Show Cause. Failure to “expressly”
grant reconsideration within the time set by the rules for filing
an appeal will cause the trial court to lose its power to act on the
application for reconsideration. See: Note following Pa.R.A.P.
1701.
Id. (emphasis original). See also Cheathem v. Temple University
Hospital, 743 A.2d 518, 519-520 (Pa. Super. 1999) (holding that a trial
court’s order granting reconsideration must state expressly that
reconsideration is granted and entry of a hearing date on the motion is
inadequate to satisfy the mandate of the Rules).
Therefore, as the comment to Pa.R.A.P. 1701 explains, although
a party may petition the court for reconsideration, the
simultaneous filing of a notice of appeal is necessary to preserve
appellate rights in the event that either the trial court fails to
grant the petition expressly within 30 days, or it denies the
petition.
Valley Forge Ctr. Assocs. v. Rib-It/K.P., Inc., 693 A.2d 242, 245 (Pa.
Super. 1999).
Our review of the certified record reflects that in September of 2014,
Wife filed a motion for clarification of the trial court’s order of January 22,
2013. On September 24, 2014, Husband filed an answer to Wife’s motion for
clarification and included therein a petition for costs. In an order dated
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October 8, 2014, and entered upon the docket on October 10, 2014, the trial
court disposed of both Wife’s and Husband’s requests. Thus, assuming for the
sake of argument that the appeal period did not begin until the October 8,
2014 order was docketed on October 10, 2014, Husband had until November
10, 2014, to file a timely appeal from that order or a timely motion for
reconsideration.2
Notwithstanding the fact that the appeal period expired November 10,
2014, on November 12, 2014, Husband filed with the trial court a notice of
presentation indicating that on November 19, 2014, Husband would be filing a
motion for reconsideration with the trial court titled, “[Husband’s] Motion for
reconsideration of the order of October 8, 2014.” Husband’s untimely motion
for reconsideration did not toll the appeal period, which expired on November
10, 2014. Cheathem, Valley Forge Ctr. Assocs. Moreover, the trial court
did not enter an order “expressly granting” Husband’s motion for
reconsideration within the appeal period. Although the trial court accepted
Husband’s motion for reconsideration for filing and ultimately denied it in an
order dated November 19, 2014, the trial court failed to “expressly grant”
Husband’s motion for reconsideration within the thirty-day appeal period.
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2
We note that Husband needed to file his appeal by Monday, November 10,
2014, because November 9, 2014, was a Sunday. See 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908
(stating that, for computations of time, whenever the last day of any such
period shall fall on Saturday or Sunday, or a legal holiday, such day shall be
omitted from the computation). See also Pa.R.A.P. 107; Pa.R.A.P. 903,
note.
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Husband then filed this appeal on December 16, 2014, thirty-six days after the
time for filing a timely appeal had elapsed.
Accordingly, because the trial court did not enter a timely order expressly
granting Husband’s motion for reconsideration, the thirty-day appeal period
was not tolled. Rule 903(a), requiring the notice of appeal to be filed within
thirty days of the order dated October 8, 2014, and entered on the docket on
October 10, 2014, remained in effect. Therefore, this Court is without
jurisdiction to hear the untimely portion of this appeal related to Husband’s
challenge to the underlying order dated October 8, 2014. Hence, we are
constrained to quash the portion of Husband’s appeal pertaining to the order
dated October 8, 2014, and docketed on October 10, 2014.3
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3
In an effort to avoid the untimely nature of his appeal from the trial court’s
order dated October 8, 2014, Husband has alleged that the order was
actually docketed on October 22, 2014, and he references an item with the
docket number of 184. Appellant’s Brief at 9, 10, 36, 37. We have
thoroughly reviewed the certified record before us, and we observe that item
number 184 in the record is not an order docketed on October 22, 2014. In
actuality, item number 184 is Wife’s unrelated pro se “Answer to
[Husband’s] Petition to Unfreeze Kodenkandeth Foundation And Liquidate
[Wife’s] interest in the Kodenkandeth Trust” that was docketed on December
4, 2014.
Furthermore, our review has revealed that the only item docketed in
the certified record on October 22, 2014, is a copy of Wife’s “Motion For
Clarification of Hon. Judge Hens Greco’s Order of Jan. 22, 2013,” which had
been presented to the trial court in September of 2014, and it bears the
docket number 176. However, we observe that appended to Wife’s motion
at docket number 176 is a proposed order prepared by Wife. Notably, the
trial judge crossed out the language of Wife’s proposed order and hand
wrote the words: “Denied. See order of October 8th 2014.” Therefore, even
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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In his issues C, D, and E, Husband argues that the trial court erred with
regard to his request for the imposition of a constructive trust. Husband
contends that the trial court erred in failing to create a constructive trust on
assets that he alleges unjustly enriched Wife and he believes that discovery
should have ensued. Further, Husband claims that the trial court should have
granted an injunction to prevent Wife from allegedly dissipating marital assets
that belong in the constructive trust.
Section 3505 of the Divorce Code presents proper procedures to prevent
parties from disposing, removing, encumbering, or alienating property to
defeat equitable distribution. 23 Pa.C.S. § 3505. Specifically, section 3505(d)
addresses the imposition of constructive trusts for a party’s failure to disclose
assets and provides as follows:
If a party fails to disclose information required by general rule of
the Supreme Court and in consequence thereof an asset or
assets with a fair market value of $1,000 or more is omitted
from the final distribution of property, the party aggrieved by the
nondisclosure may at any time petition the court granting the
award to declare the creation of a constructive trust as to all
undisclosed assets for the benefit of the parties and their minor
or dependent children, if any. The party in whose name the
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
assuming for the sake of argument that the October 8, 2014 order was not
final until this document at docket number 176 was docketed on October 22,
2014, we still conclude that Husband’s appeal challenging the content of the
October 8, 2014 order was untimely because Husband should have filed his
notice of appeal on or before November 21, 2014. As stated above,
Husband did not file his appeal until December 16, 2014. In addition,
Husband’s motion for reconsideration, which the trial court denied, did not
toll the appeal period. Thus, Husband’s efforts to extend the appeal period
do not provide him relief.
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assets are held shall be declared the constructive trustee unless
the court designates a different trustee, and the trust may
include any terms and conditions the court may determine. The
court shall grant the petition upon a finding of a failure to
disclose the assets as required by general rule of the Supreme
Court.
23 Pa.C.S. § 3505(d) (emphasis added).
We have reviewed the briefs of the parties, the relevant law, the certified
record before us and the opinion of the trial court dated February 17, 2015.
We conclude that the trial court’s opinion adequately addresses Husband’s
issues concerning the trial court’s refusal to impose a constructive trust in this
matter. Accordingly, we adopt the trial court’s opinion as our own and affirm
the November 19, 2014 order that denied Husband’s petition for a constructive
trust on its basis.4
Appeal quashed in part. Order of November 19, 2014 affirmed.
Jurisdiction relinquished.
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4
The parties are directed to attach a copy of that opinion in the event of
further proceedings in this matter.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/19/2016
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