Filed 2/22/16 In re Ashton B. CA2/6
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION SIX
In re the Matter of ASHTON B. et al., 2d Civil No. B264160
(Super. Ct. No. JV51513)
Minors. (San Luis Obispo County)
SAN LUIS OBISPO DEPARTMENT OF
SOCIAL SERVICES,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
DANIEL B. and B.B.,
Defendant and Appellant.
Daniel B., the presumed father of Ashton B., appeals from the May 7, 2015
order terminating his parental rights and freeing three-year-old Ashton for adoption.
(Welf. & Inst. Code, § 366.26.)1 Daniel contends that San Luis Obispo County
Department of Social Services (DSS) failed to comply with the inquiry and notice
provisions of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) (25 U.S.C. § 1901 et seq) and
California ICWA related statutes (§ 224 et seq.). We affirm.
B.B., the biological mother of Ashton and Ashton's half-siblings, Nathan P.
(age 12), Tristan P. (age 11), Grayson P. (age nine), S.P. (age seven), Jayden P. (age
five), appeals from the order terminating her parental rights as to Ashton, Jayden,
1
All statutory references are to the Welfare & Institutions Code unless otherwise stated.
Nathan, and S.2 (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 366.26.) Pursuant to In re Phoenix H. (2009) 47
Cal.4th 835, 844-846, we dismiss mother's appeal.
Factual and Procedural History
Mother has a long history of domestic violence and substance/alcohol abuse
that has jeopardized the safety and well being of Ashton and her half-siblings.3 On
March 18, 2013, DSS filed a petition for failure to protect (§ 300, subd. (b)) and serious
emotional damage (§ 300, subd. (c)). At the combined jurisdictional/disposition hearing,
mother admitted that Daniel beat her in front of the children and threatened to kill her and
the children. On one occasion, Daniel, while drunk and under the influence of cocaine,
beat mother for three hours in front of Jayden. Mother reunited with Daniel after he was
released from jail, only to be beaten again.
At the March 19, 2013 detention hearing, Daniel stated that he may have
ancestry with the Cherokee or Shoshone tribes. DSS mailed ICWA-030 notices to the
tribes, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and U.S. Department of Interior listing the familial
information that it had. On November 14, 2013, the trial court found that ICWA did not
apply. (Cal. Rules of Ct., rule 5.482(d).)
The trial court sustained the petition, removed the children, and ordered
reunification services. At the 6-month and 12-month review hearings, DSS reported that
mother was not following through with services or addressing the children's behavioral
issues. Mother was disengaged at visits and had relapsed twice and consumed alcohol in
the presence of the children.
In 2014, the children were placed back in the home but conditions quickly
deteriorated. On April 18, 2014, DSS filed a section 387 supplemental petition to remove
the children after mother left Nathan and Tristan in Daniel's care in violation of a no-
contact order. The trial court ordered mother to have no contact with Daniel and warned
that violation of the order would result in the immediate termination of services. DSS
2
Parental rights were not terminated as to Tristan and Grayson.
3
Gray P., who has a history of substance abuse, is the presumed father of Nathan, Tristan,
Grayson, S., and Jayden. Daniel, the presumed father of Ashton.
2
later filed a JV-180 petition to terminate services when mother resumed living with
Daniel.
At the 18-month review hearing, the trial court found that mother's
domestic violence and substance abuse was an on-going problem. The court terminated
services and set the matter for a section 366.26 hearing. Mother filed a petition for
extraordinary writ relief (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.452) which we denied in an
unpublished opinion on January 21, 2015. (B259315.)4
Section 366.26 Hearing
Before the section 366.26 hearing, mother filed a section 388 petition to
return the children on the ground that Daniel was in custody on a new act of domestic
violence and mother was attending counseling. The trial court denied the section 388
petition at the 366.26 hearing. Daniel argued that Ashton should be placed with a
paternal great aunt (C.W.B.) who had never met Ashton. The trial court found that
Ashton and three half-siblings (Nathan, Jayden, and S.) were adoptable and terminated
parental rights.
Mother's Appeal
Mother's counsel filed an opening brief informing us that she was unable to
find an arguable issue and requesting that we undertake review pursuant to In re Sade C.
(1996) 13 Cal.4th 952 and In re Phoenix H., supra, 47 Cal.4th 835. On October 8, 2015,
mother filed a supplemental brief contending, among other things, that her First
Amendment, Ninth Amendment, and due process rights were violated. Mother's
assertions are not supported by citation to the record or case authority. Neither mother's
brief nor our independent review of the record reveals any arguable issues. Accordingly,
we dismiss mother's appeal. (In re Sade C., supra, 13 Cal.4th at p. 994; In re Phoenix H.,
supra, 47 Cal.4th at p. 846.)
4
We have taken judicial notice of the record in B259315.
3
ICWA
Father argues that DSS failed to comply with its ICWA duty to inquire
about father's Indian heritage.5 Federal and state law requires that proper notice be given
to Indian tribes so the tribes can identify Indian children from tribal records and
participate in the dependency proceeding. (In re K.M. (2009) 172 Cal.App.4th 115, 118-
119.) Under California law, the trial court and DSS "have an affirmative and continuing
duty to inquire whether a child . . . is or may be an Indian child in all dependency
proceedings. . . ." (§ 224.3, subd. (a); see In re I.B. (2015) 239 Cal.App.4th 367, 375-
376.)
Shortly after the dependency petition was filed in 2013, Daniel claimed
Cherokee and Shoshone heritage. DSS investigated and mailed ICWA notices to the
identified tribes. None of the tribes declared Ashton a member or eligible for tribal
membership based on the information provided by Daniel and his family.
Daniel's Indian heritage allegedly stems from his biological grandfather,
Homer B., who died 15 to 20 years ago. Homer's ex wife (Ashton's paternal great
grandmother) Marilyn T., divorced Homer fifty years ago and had no further contact with
the family. In April 2013, Marilyn T. told DSS that Homer's side of the family had
Indian heritage and provided Homer's birth date and place of death. All of that
information was provided the tribes when the tribes were re-noticed. Marilyn T. stated
that if she came up with any names or contact information, she would call back.
Daniel argues that his paternal great aunt, C.J.B., who has never met
Ashton, might have information regarding her Indian heritage. We have taken judicial
notice of an addendum to a September 24, 2015 Court Report which reflects that Brown
was interviewed by two social workers and was extremely uncooperative. (Evid. Code,
§§ 452; 459 , subd. (a); see e.g., In re Z.N. (2009) 181 Cal.App.4th 282, 298-300; In re
5
At the March 19, 2013 detention hearing, mother and Gray P., the presumed father of
Nathan, Tristan, Grayson, S. and Jayden, declared they had no American Indian ancestry.
At the April 24, 2013 jurisdiction/disposition hearing, Daniel stated that he may be a
member or eligible for membership in a Cherokee or Shoshone tribe.
4
Justin S. (2007) 150 Cal.App.4th 1426, 1429, fn. 2.) When DSS first contacted C.J.B. in
2013, C.J.B. refused to acknowledge that Ashton was biologically related to her or
Daniel. Brown said that she would not consider anything unless Daniel and Ashton had a
paternity test. The report addendum states that after reunification services were
terminated, C.J.B. "suddenly wanted placement of Ashton. . . . On October 7, 2015, this
social worker spoke with Ms. [B.]. Ms [B.] stated to the social worker that her family
does have Indian ancestry and that she does have names, birthdates, etc. of her family
members, as she has been doing ancestry research. She stated that she did not have the
needed information in front of her. She then became angry and accusatory and changed
the topic of conversation and wanted to discuss placement of Ashton and the history of
the case. This social worker re-directed the conversation and asked that she please call
this social worker back with names, birthdates, etc. of family members that may have
ICWA ancestry. . . This social worker impressed upon Ms. [B.] the importance and
urgent matter of this information and requested that she call back as soon as possible.
Ms. [B.] stated that she understood and agree to call back with the relevant information"
The social worker called C.J.B. on October 14, 2015 and left a message.
The report addendum states that "this social worker has never received a call back from
Ms. [B.]. While disappointing, that is not unexpected as Ms. B. has been difficult and
uncooperative throughout the life of this case." The social worker also contacted Marilyn
T. (Ashton's paternal great grandmother) regarding Ashton's Indian heritage and that
Marilyn T. had no new information. Appellant claimed that "Aunt Cheryl" had
information about his Indian heritage but the phone number provided was disconnected
and no longer in service.
Daniel contends that DSS had an ICWA duty to further investigate even
though his relatives were uncooperative or had no further information. DSS is not
required to "cast about" for family history or the names of possible tribal units. (In re
Levi U. (2000) 78 CalApp.4th 191, 199.) The paternal great aunt said she would provide
ICWA related information but did not follow through. Where a relative is hostile and
refuses to give additional information, the duty to inquire ends. (In re K.M., supra, 172
5
Cal.App.4th at p. 119.) "ICWA does not require further inquiry based on mere
supposition. [Citation.]" (Ibid; see In re Hunter W. (2011) 200 Cal.App.4th 1454, 1468
[mother's claim of possible Indian heritage through deceased paternal grandparent too
vague and speculative]; In re J.D. (2010) 189 Cal.App.4th 118, 125 [grandmother's
claim of Indian ancestry unrelated to any specific tribe was too vague and speculative]; In
re Z.N. (2009) 181 Cal.App.4th 282, 298 [mother's belief that her grandmother "was
Cherokee" (tribe unidentified) did not trigger duty to notify tribes]; In re O.K. (2003) 106
Cal.App.4th 152, 155 [ICWA did not apply when minor's grandmother said minor "may
have Indian in him" but could not identify a particular tribe or nation].)
DSS did all that was reasonably expected of it to meet its ICWA obligation
to the child, the family, the tribes, and the trial court. "Parents unable to reunify with
their children have already caused the children serious harm; the rules do not permit them
to cause additional unwarranted delay and hardship without any showing whatsoever that
the interests protected by ICWA were implicated in any way." (In re K.M., supra, 172
Cal.App.4th at p. 120.)
Assuming, arugendo, there was some error or omission in the ICWA
investigation, it was harmless. The tribes' responses to the ICWA notices indicate that
Ashton is not a member of any federally recognized tribe or eligible for membership in a
tribe. Daniel asserts that the judgment should be conditionally reversed and the matter
remanded for a new round of ICWA notices. (See e.g., Justin L. v. Superior Court (2008)
165 Cal.App.4th 1406, 1410.) That would be an empty formality and a waste of scarce
judicial resources. (In re E.W. (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 396, 402.; In re I.W. (2009) 180
Cal.App.4th 1517, 1530 [deficiencies in an ICWA notice harmless if dependent child is
not an Indian child].) There is no information in the record or the superior court file to
suggest that Ashton has Indian ancestry. Delaying Ashton's adoption "for an empty
exercise with a pre-ordained outcome, especially where that exercise does nothing
concrete to further the purposes of ICWA" would be an exercise in futility. (In re E.W.,
supra, 170 Cal.App.4th at p. 402.)
6
Conclusion
Mother's appeal from the order terminating parental rights is dismissed. (In
re Sade C., supra, 13 Cal.4th at p. 994; In re Phoenix H., supra, 47 Cal.4th at p. 846.)
With respect to Daniel, the judgment (order terminating parental rights) is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.
YEGAN, J.
We concur:
GILBERT, P.J.
PERREN, J.
7
Linda Hurst, Judge
Superior Court County of San Luis Obispo
______________________________
Megan Turkat Schim, under appointment by the Court of Appeal,for Daniel
B., Appellant.
Pamela Deavours, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for B.B.,
Appellant.
Rita Neal, County Counsel, County of San Luis Obispo; Leslie H. Kraut,
Deputy County Counsel, for Respondent.
8