In the Supreme Court of Georgia
Decided: March 7, 2016
S16A0058. OWENS v. THE STATE.
MELTON, Justice.
Following a jury trial, Marian Papacsi Owens appeals her conviction for
the felony murder of Tommy Janes, contending, among other things, that her
right to proceed pro se was violated and that she received ineffective assistance
of counsel.1 For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
1. Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the record shows that,
on the evening of December 22, 2011, Owens spent the night at Janes’s home.
The following morning, William Crane, Janes’s neighbor, investigated loud
noises he heard from Janes’s home. Through a window, Crane saw Janes lying
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On January 6, 2012, Owens was indicted for malice murder, felony
murder predicated on aggravated assault, and aggravated assault. Following a
jury trial ending on August 9, 2013, Owens was found guilty of all charges. On
August 23, 2013, the trial court sentenced Owens to life imprisonment.
[Deletion]. Owens filed a motion for new trial on September 19, 2013, and
amended it on April 24, 2015. The motion was denied on June 29, 2015, and,
following the filing of a timely notice of appeal, Owens’s case was docketed to
the January 2016 Term of this Court and submitted for decision on the briefs.
on the floor. Completely nude, Owens was straddling Janes and beating him
with a metal nutcracker. By that time, Owens had already stabbed Janes, who
was fully clothed, multiple times in the back. When police arrived, Owens was
being combative, acting erratically, and singing about Jesus and the devil. At
trial, after being found to be competent, Owens admitted that she killed Janes,
though she contended that she was not coherent for a large portion of the events
that night.
This evidence was sufficient to enable the jurors to find Owens guilty of
the crimes for which she was tried and found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (99 SCt 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).
2. Owens contends that the trial court erred by not allowing her to fire her
attorney mid-trial and proceed pro se. Based on the facts of this case, we
disagree.
We have previously explained:
Both the federal and state constitutions guarantee a criminal
defendant the right to self-representation. See Faretta v. California,
422 U.S. 806 (95 SCt 252, 45 LE2d 52) (1975); 1983 Ga. Const.,
Art. I, Sec. I, Par. XII. An unequivocal assertion of the right to
represent oneself, made prior to trial, should be followed by a
hearing to ensure that the defendant knowingly and intelligently
waives the right to counsel and understands the disadvantages of
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self-representation. Faretta, 422 U.S. at 836; Strozier v. Newsome,
871 F2d 995 (11th Cir.1989). See also Potts v. State, 259 Ga. 812
(388 SE2d 678) (1990); Williams v. State, 169 Ga. App. 812, 814
(315 SE2d 42) (1984).
(Emphasis supplied.) Thaxton v. State, 260 Ga. 141, 142 (2) (390 SE2d 841)
(1990). Requests to proceed pro se during trial, however, are treated differently.
In Thaxton, the defendant waited until the State had finished with several
witnesses prior to making a request to proceed pro se. We held: “[A] request
made after the testimony of the State's third witness[] cannot serve as the basis
for reversal since a defendant ‘cannot frivolously change his mind in midstream’
by asserting his right to self-representation in the middle of his trial. Preston v.
State, 257 Ga. 42 (3) (354 SE2d 135) (1987).” Id. at 142 (2).
In this case, the record shows that Owens expressed a desire to dismiss her
attorney and represent herself prior to trial. At a pre-trial conference, a Farreta
hearing was conducted, and the trial court granted Owens’s request, while
retaining her counsel for standby assistance only. As pre-trial proceedings
continued, however, Owens changed her mind again. She requested that counsel
be reinstated to represent her at trial. The trial court granted this request as well,
and Owens began her trial with representation. Well into the second day of trial,
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after the State had called many witnesses, Owens began acting unruly in the
courtroom, especially when pictures, testimony, and a recorded interview
regarding her appearance and behavior at the time of the murder were
introduced. Owens eventually expressed her displeasure with the evidence and
stated that she would take no part in the trial. In addition, she expressed a desire
to have trial counsel dismissed. After considering Owens’s outburst, the trial
court decided that it would allow Owens to monitor the trial from a holding cell
with a walkie-talkie, but it denied her request to proceed without any
representation at all. One witness later, Owens requested that she be allowed to
return to the courtroom, and, once there, she apologized for her behavior and
stated that she had been acting inappropriately. Later, she confirmed that she had
not been thinking clearly and that she wanted and needed the assistance of trial
counsel.
Under these circumstances, it cannot be said that the trial court erred in its
decision to (1) deny Owens’s request to fire her counsel and (2) grant her
request to absent herself from the courtroom. The trial court indicated that it did
so in order to protect Owens’s “best interests.” Given Owens’s pre-trial
equivocation, her outbursts during trial, and her own statements indicating that
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she never truly wished to finish the trial without the assistance of trial counsel,
Owens’s decision to change her mind about counsel midstream was, at best, a
frivolous response to the introduction of evidence which disturbed her. As such,
the trial court did not violate Owens’s right to proceed pro se under the
circumstances presented here. Thaxton, supra.
2. Owens contends that the trial court erred by allowing her to testify at
trial, contending that she was not sufficiently competent to knowingly waive her
right to remain silent. The record shows that experts found Owens competent to
stand trial prior to the proceedings, and the trial court engaged in a full and
extensive colloquy with Owens about her right to remain silent before she took
the stand at trial. Owens responded clearly that she understood all of her rights.
In addition, Owens asked specific questions about her rights which indicated
both that she understood what those rights were and how they would play out
during the proceedings. Furthermore, trial counsel informed the court on the
record that he had discussed the right to remain silent with Owens and that he
had strongly recommended to her that she should not testify. Owens, however,
stated that she had listened to this advice, but chose to reject it.
“In Georgia, whether or not to testify in one's own defense is considered
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a tactical decision to be made by the defendant . . . after consultation with his
trial counsel and there is no general requirement that a trial court interject itself
into that decision-making process. Burton v. State, 263 Ga. 725, 728 (438 SE2d
83) (1994). See also OCGA §§ 17–7–28 [and 24-5-506] (b).” (Footnotes
omitted.) Mobley v. State, 264 Ga. 854, 856 (2) (452 SE2d 500) (1995).
Therefore, the record shows that Owens knowingly waived her right against
self-incrimination and exercised her right to testify at trial after being fully
informed of the consequences.
3. Owens contends that her trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance
because he did not refrain from asking her questions after she decided to take
the stand in her own defense. Owens argues that, by asking Owens questions,
trial counsel somehow abdicated his duty to his client. This argument is
misplaced.
In order to succeed on [her] claim of ineffective assistance, [Owens]
must prove both that [her] trial counsel's performance was deficient
and that there is a reasonable probability that the trial result would
have been different if not for the deficient performance. Strickland
v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (104 SCt 2052, 80 LE2d 674) (1984).
If an appellant fails to meet his or her burden of proving either
prong of the Strickland test, the reviewing court does not have to
examine the other prong. Id. at 697 (IV); Fuller v. State, 277 Ga.
505 (3) (591 SE2d 782) (2004). In reviewing the trial court's
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decision, “‘[w]e accept the trial court's factual findings and
credibility determinations unless clearly erroneous, but we
independently apply the legal principles to the facts.’ [Cit.]”
Robinson v. State, 277 Ga. 75, 76 (586 SE2d 313) (2003).
Wright v. State, 291 Ga. 869, 870 (2) (734 SE2d 876) (2012).
The record shows that, although trial counsel advised her not to do so,
Owens made the decision to testify at trial. Because trial counsel was concerned
that Owens’s testimony would harm her case, he initially informed the trial court
that he intended to question Owens by inviting a narrative. The State objected,
and the trial court sustained the objection because the situation was not one in
which testimony by narrative was permissible. See, e.g., Miller v. State, 295 Ga.
769 (2) (b) (764 SE2d 135) (2014) (defendant allowed to testify in the narrative
when trial counsel believes defendant intends to commit perjury). A review of
the transcript shows that trial counsel carefully asked Owens a series of
questions that allowed her to recount the incident in question in a chronological
manner. Trial counsel also asked questions that provided at least some facts that
assisted in his argument that Owens acted in response to Janes’s sexual
advances, including Owens’s testimony that Janes grabbed her buttocks
forcefully. The transcript, therefore, indicates that trial counsel did not abdicate
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his duty to his client. Quite the opposite, he strategically questioned Owens to
both honor her right to testify and preserve her defense to the extent possible.
Accordingly, trial counsel’s performance was not deficient in this case. Id.
Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur.
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