IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-0151
Filed March 23, 2016
IN THE INTEREST OF K.K.,
Minor Child,
S.S., Mother,
Appellant.
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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Clay County, Charles K. Borth,
District Associate Judge.
A mother appeals the order terminating her parental rights. AFFIRMED.
Michael L. Sandy of Sandy Law Firm, P.C., Spirit Lake, for appellant
mother.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Shawna Nolan Ditsworth of Ditsworth Law, Spirit Lake, for minor child.
Considered by Tabor, P.J., and Bower and McDonald, JJ.
2
BOWER, Judge.
A mother appeals1 the termination of her parental rights to one child, K.K.
The mother claims clear and convincing evidence does not support the
termination of her parental rights, and termination is improper due to the close
parent-child bond and due to the fact the child is currently living with the maternal
grandparents.2 We affirm the juvenile court’s order.
We review de novo proceedings terminating parental rights. See In re
A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). The three-step statutory framework
governing the termination of parental rights is well established and need not be
repeated herein. See In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010). The juvenile
court issued a thorough and well-reasoned order terminating the mother’s
parental rights; we adopt the findings of fact and conclusions of law as our own.
The State claims the mother has not preserved error on any statutory
claim because she did not attend the termination hearing and her counsel did not
object to any evidence or call witnesses. Though, the State admits one exhibit
was offered on the mother’s behalf. See, e.g., In re P.S., No. 11-0516, 2011 WL
2714169, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. July 13, 2011) (“Because the father did not present
any evidence or lodge any objection alerting the juvenile court to his complaints,
he has not preserved error for our review.”); see also In re C.T., No. 14-0243,
2014 WL 1714958, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 30, 2014) (same). Since the mother
1
The father’s parental rights were terminated and he does not appeal.
2
After this appeal was submitted to our court, the mother filed a letter and multiple
exhibits for our consideration. Pursuant to Iowa Rules of Appellate Procedure 6.204(2)
and 6.801 we will not consider the mother’s filings.
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has presented at least a modicum of evidence, we find she has preserved error
for our review.
A. Grounds for Termination
The juvenile court terminated the mother’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa
Code section 232.116(1)(e), (h), (l) (2015). When the juvenile court terminates
parental rights on more than one statutory ground, we may affirm the order on
any ground we find supported by the record. In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707
(Iowa 2010). The mother has only properly raised a claim pursuant to subsection
232.116(1)(e). Her failure to challenge the termination under subsections (h) and
(l) waives any claim of error related to those grounds. See In re D.S., 563
N.W.2d 12, 15 (Iowa Ct. App. 1997) (finding principles of res judicata barred a
father who failed to appeal a juvenile court order from raising the challenge on
appeal); Hyler v. Garner, 548 N.W.2d 864, 870 (Iowa 1996) (“[O]ur review is
confined to those propositions relied upon by the appellant for reversal on
appeal.”). Therefore, we affirm the juvenile court’s conclusion that termination is
appropriate under subsections (h) and (l).
B. Exceptions to Termination
The mother also claims the termination of her parental rights is improper
due to the closeness of the parent-child bond and the fact the child is residing
with the maternal grandparents. See Iowa Code § 232.116(3).
Section 232.116(3)(a) states the court need not terminate the parent-child
relationship if a relative has legal custody of the child. Section 232.116(3)(c)
provides the court need not terminate if there is clear and convincing evidence
that termination would be detrimental to the child due to the closeness of the
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parent-child relationship. The provisions of section 232.116(3) are permissive,
not mandatory. See In re J.L.W., 570 N.W.2d 778, 781 (Iowa Ct. App. 1997),
overruled on other grounds by P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 39–40. The court has
discretion, based on the unique circumstances of each case and the best
interests of the child, whether to apply the factors in this section to save the
parent-child relationship. In re C.L.H., 500 N.W.2d 449, 454 (Iowa Ct. App.
1993), overruled on other grounds by P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 39–40.
Here, the court reasoned:
[K.K.] is thriving in [the grandparents’] home. She has integrated
into their family and considers them her parent figures. She has
never lived anywhere else. They are interested in adoption. A
strong bond exists between [K.K.] and [the grandparents]. [K.K.]’s
brother, . . . also continues to reside in the home. Based on the
record herein, the court concludes that terminating the parents’
parental rights so that [K.K.] can be permanently placed gives
primary consideration to her safety, for her best placement for
furthering her long-term nurturing and growth, and to her physical,
mental, and emotional needs.
We agree with the district court and find preserving the mother’s parental rights
would be contrary to the best interests of K.K., due to the child’s bond with her
maternal grandparents. Additionally, we find the evidence does not support a
finding the mother has a strong bond with K.K. and the juvenile court correctly
declined to apply this exception to the termination.
We affirm the juvenile court’s termination of the mother’s parental rights.
AFFIRMED.