COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, AtLee and Senior Judge Clements
UNPUBLISHED
WILBERT FRANCISCO LAVEIST
MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v. Record No. 1845-15-1 PER CURIAM
APRIL 5, 2016
RITA M. LAVEIST
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF NORFOLK
Jerrauld C. Jones, Judge
(Wayne Marcus Scriven; Scriven Law Offices, on briefs), for
appellant.
(Wanda N. Allen; F. Winslow Young; Access Law Group, P.C., on
brief), for appellee.
On October 22, 2015, the circuit court entered a final decree of divorce, which awarded Rita
M. Laveist (wife) a divorce from Wilbert F. Laveist (husband). Husband argues that the trial court
erred by (1) finding that the evidence was insufficient to establish adultery because “the exact dates
and times of this adultery were not provided by corroborating testimony;” (2) failing to set aside the
parties’ November 5, 2013 property settlement agreement and incorporating it into the final decree
of divorce; (3) failing “to find that appellee [wife] was barred from relying on the affidavit
testimony that was set aside by Judge Junius Fulton on July 11, 2014, and, by retroactively granting
leave to appellee [wife] to use such affidavit testimony on October 22, 2015;” (4) holding that wife
was not barred from receiving spousal support because “of her marital misconduct of committing
adultery;” and (5) overruling husband’s objection to the final decree of divorce. Wife argues that
the trial court erred when it “altered the order submitted by counsel for the wife and the trial court
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
refused to dismiss the counter-complaint filed by the husband upon the wife’s motion to dismiss
defective pleadings.” Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this
appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See
Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
“When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light
most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.”
Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 834 (2003) (citations omitted).
Husband and wife married on August 3, 1992. On May 1, 2013, the parties separated,
but lived under the same roof. The parties discussed the terms of a property settlement
agreement and spousal support. Wife retained an attorney to represent her, but husband did not.
Wife’s attorney drafted a property settlement agreement, and on November 5, 2013, the parties
signed it.
On March 27, 2014, wife filed a complaint for divorce. On April 7, 2014, husband
received a copy of the complaint and signed a waiver of notice. On May 5, 2014, wife filed the
proof of service, husband’s waiver, the affidavits of wife and her corroborating witness, and a
proposed final decree of divorce. Husband subsequently filed a motion to set aside the waiver of
notice and asked for leave to file responsive pleadings. He stated that he obtained evidence that
wife committed adultery, and he questioned the paternity of a child born during the marriage.
On July 11, 2014, the circuit court entered an order granting husband’s motion. His waiver of
notice was “stricken from the record,” and husband was granted leave to file responsive
pleadings.
On July 18, 2014, wife filed an amended complaint. She asked that the terms of the
parties’ property settlement agreement be ratified and affirmed by the court and incorporated into
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a final decree of divorce. On August 4, 2014, husband filed an answer and grounds of defense,
along with a counter-complaint. Husband alleged that wife had committed adultery during the
marriage and continued to do so when she filed her complaint for divorce in March 2014. He
also stated that after she filed her complaint for divorce, he had a paternity test and learned that
he was not the father of one of the children born during the marriage. He further argued that the
parties did not enter into a valid property settlement agreement because of wife’s “fraudulent
behavior” and the agreement “lacked sufficient consideration . . . to constitute a fair and fully
bargained agreement of the parties.” Wife filed an answer to the counter-complaint. She also
filed a motion to dismiss husband’s counter-complaint and for summary judgment.
On August 27, 2015, the parties appeared before the circuit court. Husband argued that
the parties’ settlement agreement should be set aside on the grounds of fraud and marital
misconduct. He also asked the court to award him a divorce based on adultery. Wife argued that
the trial court should dismiss husband’s counter-complaint. After hearing the evidence and
argument, the circuit court granted wife’s motion to dismiss husband’s counter-complaint and
request for summary judgment. The circuit court entered an order on September 14, 2015
memorializing its ruling.
On October 22, 2015, the parties again appeared before the circuit court. Wife sought
entry of the final decree of divorce. Husband argued that wife failed to prove the ground of
divorce, i.e. living separate and apart for six months. The trial court disagreed and entered the
final decree of divorce on October 22, 2015. This appeal followed.
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ANALYSIS
Husband’s assignments of error #1 and 2
Husband argues that the trial court erred in finding that the evidence was insufficient to
(1) prove that wife committed adultery and (2) set aside the parties’ property settlement
agreement.
Rule 5A:20(e) mandates that appellant’s opening brief include “[t]he standard of review
and the argument (including principles of law and authorities) relating to each assignment of
error.” Husband did not comply with Rule 5A:20(e) because his opening brief does not contain
any principles of law or citation to legal authorities to fully develop his arguments.
Husband has the burden of showing that reversible error was committed. See Lutes v.
Alexander, 14 Va. App. 1075, 1077, 421 S.E.2d 857, 859 (1992). Unsupported assertions of
error “do not merit appellate consideration.” Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56, 415
S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992).
We find that husband’s failure to comply with Rule 5A:20(e) is significant, so we will not
consider the first and second assignments of error. See Fadness v. Fadness, 52 Va. App. 833,
851, 667 S.E.2d 857, 866 (2008) (“If the parties believed that the circuit court erred, it was their
duty to present that error to us with legal authority to support their contention.”); Parks v. Parks,
52 Va. App. 663, 664, 666 S.E.2d 547, 548 (2008).
Husband’s assignment of error #3
Husband argues that the trial court erred by failing to find that wife was barred from
relying on affidavit testimony that was previously set aside, but then subsequently allowed.
The July 11, 2014 order stated that husband’s “Waiver of Notice of April 7, 2014, and his
resulting default from failure to file responsive pleadings, are set aside and the Waiver Notice is
hereby stricken from the record of this action and is otherwise null and void and of no effect.”
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Husband filed a response to wife’s complaint and his own cross-complaint. After hearing
the evidence and argument on August 27, 2015, the trial court granted wife’s motion to dismiss
and request for summary judgment. At the conclusion of that hearing, the trial court asked the
parties, “Where does that leave us?” Wife’s counsel informed the trial court that she would like
to proceed with the divorce on no-fault grounds. Counsel stated that affidavits had been filed
previously to establish the jurisdictional grounds for divorce, and all that needed to be done was
to circulate a final decree of divorce. The trial court asked husband and his counsel whether they
agreed. Husband’s counsel responded, “We don’t have a position, Your Honor.” The trial court
reviewed the file and found that “as a matter of fact and a matter of law that jurisdiction grounds
do exist” and asked wife to prepare a final decree of divorce based on no-fault grounds.
On October 22, 2015, the parties appeared before the circuit court for entry of the final
decree. Husband objected to the entry of the final decree of divorce because wife was relying on
affidavits to prove the jurisdictional grounds for divorce.1 He asserted that the trial court
previously set aside wife’s request for divorce once husband was allowed to file his responsive
pleadings. Husband relies on Code § 20-106(A) and Cruz v. Cruz, 62 Va. App. 31, 741 S.E.2d
71 (2013), to support his arguments.
Code § 20-106(A) states:
In any suit for divorce, the trial court may require the whole or any
part of the testimony to be given orally in open court, and if either
party desires it, such testimony and the rulings of the court on the
exceptions thereto, if any, shall be reduced to writing, and the
judge shall certify that such evidence was given before him and
such rulings made. When so certified the same shall stand on the
same footing as a deposition regularly taken in the cause, provided,
however, that no such oral evidence shall be given or heard unless
and until after such notice to the adverse party as is required by
law to be given of the taking of depositions, or when there has
1
It appears from the record that husband first noted an objection at a hearing on
September 14, 2015; however, the record does not include a transcript or written statement of
facts of the September 14, 2015 hearing.
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been no service of process within this Commonwealth upon, or
appearance by the defendant against whom such testimony is
sought to be introduced. However, a party may proceed to take
evidence in support of a divorce by deposition or affidavit without
leave of court only in support of a divorce on the grounds set forth
in subdivision A (9) of § 20-91, where (i) the parties have resolved
all issues by a written settlement agreement, (ii) there are no issues
other than the grounds of the divorce itself to be adjudicated, or
(iii) the adverse party has been personally served with the
complaint and has failed to file a responsive pleading or to make
an appearance as required by law.
In Cruz, the Court affirmed the trial court’s ruling that the wife could not rely on an
affidavit, submitted without leave of court, to corroborate her testimony about the parties’
separation once husband made an appearance in the case. 62 Va. App. at 33, 741 S.E.2d at 71.
The Court analyzed Code § 20-106(A) and noted that the statute “establishes as a general
proposition that a trial court may require that testimony be given orally, in open court.” Id. at 36,
741 S.E.2d at 73. The Court then acknowledged that the statute “provides an exception to that
rule, by allowing a party, in specifically delineated circumstances, to rely on depositions or
affidavits without obtaining leave of court.” Id. The Court held that “the overall purpose of
Code § 20-106(A) . . . is to allow the use of depositions or affidavits without leave of court only
when the divorce is, aside from the ground of divorce itself under subsection (ii), uncontested.”
Id. at 37, 741 S.E.2d at 73-74.
Contrary to husband’s arguments, this case is distinguishable from Cruz. Here, the trial
court held that the affidavits were “viable” after it denied husband’s counter-complaint because
the case reverted back to wife’s original claim in which she submitted the affidavits. At the
August 27, 2015 hearing, the trial court asked husband if he agreed with the procedure for
finalizing the divorce. Husband responded, “We don’t have a position, Your Honor.” It was at
that point that husband needed to note his objection to the use of the affidavits, so husband’s
subsequent objections were not timely. See Marlowe v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 619, 621,
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347 S.E.2d 167, 168 (1986) (“To be timely, an objection must be made when the occasion
arises– at the time the evidence is offered or the statement made.”).
Moreover, husband’s arguments regarding the use of the affidavits fail because, unlike
the situation in Cruz, wife had leave of court to file the affidavits. The trial court specifically
held that it granted wife “leave of court to proceed upon the affidavits that would establish the
separation date.”
Based on the record, the trial court did not err in allowing wife to use the previously
submitted affidavits to prove the jurisdictional grounds for divorce.
Husband’s assignments of error #4 and 5
Husband argues that the trial court erred by holding that wife was not barred from
receiving spousal support and by overruling his objection to the entry of the final decree of
divorce. Wife argues that husband did not “set forth his rationale to support” his arguments.
Husband’s opening brief includes three sections that deal with the first three assignments of
error. His opening brief does not mention the fourth and fifth assignments of error in his
argument section. In his reply brief, husband contends the arguments were included in the other
arguments he made regarding the first three assignments of error. We disagree with husband and
find that the fourth and fifth assignments of error are waived. See Muhammad v.
Commonwealth, 269 Va. 451, 478, 619 S.E.2d 16, 31 (2005) (citation omitted) (“Failure to
adequately brief an assignment of error is considered a waiver.”).
Wife’s assignment of error
Wife argues that the trial court erred when it “altered the order submitted by counsel for the
wife and the trial court refused to dismiss the counter-complaint filed by the husband upon the
wife’s motion to dismiss defective pleadings.” She acknowledges that this issue was not preserved
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pursuant to Rule 5A:18 and asks this Court to consider her argument pursuant to the good cause
exception.2
On June 15, 2015, the circuit court entered an order prepared by wife’s counsel. The order
denied wife’s motion to dismiss husband’s counter-complaint on the ground of adultery. The circuit
court crossed out a sentence that said, “The Defendant failed to allege the specific date, time and
place of the alleged adultery in his Counter Complaint.” For the first time on appeal, wife argues
that the circuit court erred in striking this language and “created a legal fiction” that husband met the
requirements of Code § 20-91(A)(1).
Contrary to wife’s arguments on appeal, she had the opportunity to object. The circuit
court entered the order on June 15, 2015. She did not file any objections with the court after the
entry of the order, even though there were numerous pleadings filed and several hearings
conducted after this order. Therefore, the good cause exception does not apply. See M. Morgan
Cherry & Assocs. v. Cherry, 38 Va. App. 693, 702, 568 S.E.2d 391, 396 (2002) (en banc)
(holding that Rule 5A:18 applied because the party failed, “without good cause,” to object to the
evidence).
Attorney’s fees and costs
Both husband and wife ask this Court to award them attorney’s fees and costs incurred on
appeal. See O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996). On
consideration of the record before us, we deny their requests. Rule 5A:30(b).
2
Although wife signed the order as “seen and objected to,” she did not include the
specific objection she raises on appeal. See Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 515, 404 S.E.2d 736,
738 (1991) (en banc) (a statement of “seen and objected to” is insufficient to preserve an issue
for appeal).
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CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
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