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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
CLYDE WILLIAMS
Appellant No. 3057 EDA 2013
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 29, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0002407-2012
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., OLSON, J., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY JENKINS, J.: FILED MAY 06, 2016
A jury found Clyde Williams guilty of aggravated assault 1 and not
guilty of terroristic threats. On October 29, 2013, the trial court sentenced
Williams to 2-4 years’ imprisonment followed by two years’ probation. In
this timely direct appeal, Williams raises a single issue: whether the court
erred in admitting evidence of Williams’ prior assault against the victim as a
prior bad act under Pa.R.E. 404(b). For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
The incident for which the jury found Williams guilty of aggravated
assault took place on November 9, 2011. On that date, the victim, B.O.B.,
woke up in the morning on a couch in her home that she shared with
Williams, their four-year-old daughter C. and her eleven-year-old son K.
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1
18 Pa.C.S. § 2702(a)(1).
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B.O.B. and Williams had argued the night before, and Williams left the house
proclaiming that he was going to “f”2 someone.
B.O.B., who was two months pregnant with Williams’ child, went
downstairs to their basement bedroom and found Williams in bed with
another woman. B.O.B. screamed at Williams: “How can you do this to me?
I’m pregnant.” Williams stood up, grabbed B.O.B. by the throat, told her to
shut the “f” up and put her up against the wall. Still screaming, B.O.B.
walked upstairs with Williams in pursuit. Williams put his forearm against
her throat and pinned her against a wall, yelling at her to “shut up”. B.O.B.
was unable to breathe. K. ran downstairs, but Williams chased him upstairs.
Williams returned to the living room, pushed B.O.B. onto a love seat and
jammed his knee into her stomach. He put his hands around her throat and
told her he was going to kill her and their baby. K. returned downstairs, and
Williams grabbed him by the throat, screaming: “What are you going to do?”
K. could not breathe. Williams released K. and went down to the basement.
B.O.B. had K. leave the house, dressed C., and drove to the police station,
where she reported the assault. Later that month, B.O.B., K. and C. moved
to North Carolina. N.T., 8/6/13, at 26-40, 49-53, 96-103, 119-123.
Prior to trial, the Commonwealth notified Williams that it intended to
submit evidence of another assault against B.O.B. in July 2011, four months
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2
B.O.B. declined to repeat the obscenity in open court.
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before the assault in question, to demonstrate Williams’ intent and absence
of mistake. The Commonwealth moved to admit this evidence under Pa.R.E.
404(b), and the court granted this motion following a pre-trial hearing.
In the July 2011 incident, Williams argued with B.O.B. because she
refused to leave C. with him when she went out. Williams grabbed B.O.B.
by her hair, pulled her out of the room and down several steps face first. He
then punched B.O.B. in the face and kicked her in the face and side of her
head until she lost consciousness. B.O.B. awoke in the dining room and
found Williams wiping blood off of her face with a rag. N.T., 8/6/13, at 41-
49, 114-115.
Williams preserved his Rule 404(b) issue for appeal in a supplemental
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, which stated:
The lower court erred when it granted the Commonwealth’s
motion to admit other acts evidence. The Commonwealth failed
to meet any of the recognized exceptions to Rule 404(b) of the
Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence, including intent. The only
purpose for the admission of the prior act was to show
propensity which is specifically prohibited by Rule 404(b). The
evidence was highly prejudicial at trial and outweighed any
limited probative value.3
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3
Through no fault of Williams, he was unable to raise this issue in a Rule
1925(b) statement until almost 15 months after sentencing. On December
4, 2013, the trial court ordered Williams to file his Rule 1925(b) statement
within 21 days after receipt of the notes of testimony. On November 4,
2014, still not in receipt of the notes of testimony despite the passage of
eleven months, Williams filed a Rule 1925(b) statement challenging the
sufficiency and weight of the evidence. On the same date, Williams filed a
motion for leave to file a supplemental Rule 1925(b) statement upon receipt
of the notes of testimony. On January 20, 2015, the court reporter finally
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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We review challenges to the admission of evidence for abuse of
discretion. Commonwealth v. Kennedy, 959 A.2d 916, 923 (Pa.2008);
Commonwealth v. Kendricks, 30 A.3d 499, 503 (Pa.Super.2011). An
abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment but “the overriding or
misapplication of the law, or the exercise of judgment that is manifestly
unreasonable, or the result of bias, prejudice, ill–will or partiality as shown
by the evidence of record.” Commonwealth v. Weakley, 972 A.2d 1182,
1189 (Pa.Super.2009).
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
published the notes of testimony, apparently in response to a notice from
the court scheduling a contempt hearing for its lack of diligence. On January
29, 2015, Williams filed an amended Rule 1925(b) statement raising the
Rule 404(b) issue. On March 18, 2015, the court filed a Rule 1925(a)
opinion addressing Williams’ weight and sufficiency issues. On June 30,
2015, the court filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion analyzing, inter alia, Williams’
Rule 404(b) issue. Although the court never issued an order granting
Williams’ motion for leave to file a supplemental Rule 1925(b) statement, it
implicitly granted Williams’ motion by addressing the merits of the Rule
404(b) issue in its opinion.
We have held that an appellant who has filed a timely Rule 1925(b)
statement and then, for good cause shown, discovers that additional time is
required to file a supplemental statement, may file a separate petition
seeking permission to file a supplemental statement nunc pro tunc. See
Commonwealth v. Woods, 909 A.2d 372, 378 (Pa.Super.2006). Here,
Williams’ initial Rule 1925(b) statement was timely under the terms of the
trial court’s December 4, 2014 order. Moreover, Williams filed a separate
motion seeking leave to file a supplemental Rule 1925(b) statement, and he
had good cause for filing a supplemental statement due to the court
reporter’s delay in transcribing the notes of testimony. Under these
circumstances, Williams was entitled to file a supplemental Rule 1925(b)
statement raising the Rule 404(b) issue.
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Evidence is relevant and admissible “if it logically tends to establish a
material fact in the case, tends to make a fact at issue more or less probable
or supports a reasonable inference or presumption regarding a material
fact.” Commonwealth v. Kinard, 95 A.3d 279, 284 (Pa.Super.2014) (en
banc); Pa.R.E. 402.
Pa.R.E. 404(a)(1) provides: “Evidence of a person’s character or
character trait is not admissible to prove that on a particular occasion the
person acted in accordance with the character or trait.” Thus, evidence of
other crimes, wrongs or acts is not admissible to show a defendant’s bad
character or his propensity to commit crime. See Commonwealth v.
Kinard, 95 A.3d 279, 284 (Pa.2014). On the other hand, evidence of prior
bad acts is relevant and admissible when offered for legitimate purposes,
such as to prove motive, intent, absence of mistake or accident, common
scheme, plan or design, identity, or where such evidence forms a part of the
natural development of the facts at issue. Pa.R.E. 404(b)(2).
Under Rule 404(b)(2), the defendant’s prior abuse of a victim may be
admissible to prove motive, malice, intent and ill-will. Commonwealth v.
Drumheller, 808 A.2d 893, 905 (Pa.2002) (evidence of four protection from
abuse petitions filed by victim against defendant in three years preceding
victim’s murder admissible in capital murder trial to show motive, malice,
intent and ill-will); Commonwealth v. Ulatoski, 371 A.2d 186, 190
(Pa.1977) (testimony of witnesses who observed bruises on body of
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decedent (defendant’s wife) as much as seventeen months before her death
admissible to show that her death was more likely intentional than
accidental); accord Commonwealth v. Powell, 956 A.2d 406, 419
(Pa.2008) (in trial for capital murder of six-year-old son, witness’s testimony
that defendant threw glass of water in son’s face admissible to show intent
and malice). In addition, evidence concerning the relationship between the
defendant and the victim may be relevant and admissible to prove ill will,
malice, or motive. See Commonwealth v. Stallworth, 781 A.2d 110,
118-19 (Pa.2001) (witnesses’ testimony regarding threats they heard
defendant make to his estranged wife, that he would shoot her if she ever
sought support payments from him, and that he would “put her six feet
under” if she ever attempted to restrict his ability to see his daughter, were
relevant to establishing defendant’s motive for her murder, where defendant
killed victim within three weeks after victim sought support payments and
after defendant learned of restriction in PFA order concerning visitation with
his daughter).
Evidence of other crimes is not precluded merely because it prejudices
the defense. Commonwealth v. Brown, 414 A.2d 70, 75 (Pa. 1980). All
evidence of guilt is prejudicial to the defense; the Rules of Evidence only
prohibit unfair prejudice. Commonwealth v. Hairston, 84 A.3d 657, 670
(Pa.2014). Not only prior crimes, but prior wrongs and acts, are admissible
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when offered for a proper evidentiary purpose. Commonwealth v.
Ardinger, 839 A.2d 1143, 1146 (Pa.Super.2003).
Here, the evidence that Williams inflicted a savage beating on B.O.B.
in July 2011, four months before the assault in question, was admissible to
demonstrate his malice, intent and ill-will, as well as the absence of accident
or mistake. The court properly limited the jury’s consideration of the prior
abuse to these purposes and directed the jury not to consider it for any
other purpose.4 N.T. 8/6/13, 171-172. The court’s admission of this
evidence was a proper exercise of its discretion.
Williams cites Commonwealth v. Spruill, 391 A.2d 1048 (Pa.1978),
for the proposition that the evidence merely demonstrated his propensity to
commit crime. Spruill is not on point. There, during the defendant’s trial
for murder, a witness testified that he had “[b]uried a couple of bodies for
[the defendant].” Id. at 1049. In the course of determining that this
testimony was inadmissible, our Supreme Court held that this testimony was
inadmissible to establish the relationship between the defendant and the
witness:
Assuming arguendo, that under some circumstances evidence of
prior unrelated criminal activity may be permissible to show a
relationship between the witness and the defendant, no such
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4
Williams contends that the evidence of his prior attack on B.O.B. was
inadmissible to prove knowledge or the history of this case. The court’s jury
instruction demonstrates that it did not admit the evidence for these
purposes.
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circumstances have been established in this record. The bald
statement that the witness had buried ‘a couple of bodies’ for
the appellant without more, sheds little, if any, light upon the
nature of the acquaintance that existed between the two.
Id. at 1050. Here, in contrast, Williams’ prior attack was directly relevant to
demonstrate his hostile relationship with a particular victim, B.O.B., and his
intent to resolve disagreements or arguments with B.O.B. through brutal
violence. Cf. Stallworth, 781 A.2d at 118-19 (defendant’s prior threats
against particular victim, his estranged wife, that he would shoot or kill her if
she sought support payments or denied him access to daughter, were
relevant to establishing his motive for murdering her shortly after victim
sought support payments and obtained PFA order restricting visitation with
daughter).
Finally, Williams contends that the trial court failed to balance the
probative value of the July 2011 assault against its prejudice.5 We disagree.
In its June 30, 2015 opinion, the trial court acknowledged Rule 404(b)(2)’s
requirement that the probative value of prior bad acts evidence must
outweigh its prejudice, and it went on to determine that the July 2011
assault was “clearly admissible” to show Williams’ intent, ill will, malice and
motive. The court implicitly determined that the probative value of the
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5
The Commonwealth states incorrectly that Williams waived this argument
by failing to raise it below. The record reveals that Williams raised this issue
in his written response in opposition to the Commonwealth’s motion to admit
Williams’ prior assault into evidence.
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evidence outweighed its prejudice. We see no reason to disagree with this
decision. Indeed, the jury’s decision to acquit Williams of terroristic threats
indicates that it was not prejudiced by the admission of the July 2011
evidence, and that it carefully analyzed all evidence before reaching its
verdict.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/6/2016
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