ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS
Appeal of -- )
)
Military Aircraft Parts ) ASBCA No. 60290
)
Under Contract Nos. SPM4A7-09-M-6653 )
SPM4A7-10-M-3828 )
SPM4A7-11-M-G805 )
APPEARANCE FOR THE APPELLANT: Mr. Robert E. Marin
President
APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT: Daniel K. Poling, Esq.
DLA Chief Trial Attorney
Edward R. Murray, Esq.
Jason D. Morgan, Esq.
Trial Attorneys
DLA Aviation
Richmond, VA
OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE O'SULLIVAN
ON THE GOVERNMENT'S MOTION TO DISMISS
The government has filed a motion to dismiss this Board Rule 12.3 appeal
without prejudice as premature under Board Rule 18. Appellant opposes. For the
reasons stated below, we deny the motion.
STATEMENT OF FACTS FOR PURPOSES OF THE MOTION
On 17 March 2009, the government issued Order No. SPM4A7-09-M-6653
(Order 6653) to appellant Military Aircraft Parts (MAP) for aircraft fairings for the
C-130 aircraft (R4, tab A 1 at 1). This order was accepted and signed by MAP on
18 March 2009, and contains the clause at FAR 52.249-1, TERMINATION FOR
CONVENIENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT (SHORT FORM)(APR 1984) (id. at 1, 16). The
order required MAP to manufacture two units for First Article Test (FAT), with
thirteen production units to be delivered after first article approval (id. at 9-11, 15).
The total price of Order 6653 was $22,015.00 (id. at 1).
On 10 December 2009, the government issued Order No. SPM4A7-10-M-3828
(Order 3828) to MAP for additional C-130 aircraft fairings. This order required one
FAT unit and seven production units. (R4, tab B 1 at 8-9) The total price of Order
3828 was $16,450 (id. at 1). Order 3828 was followed on 21 January 2011 by Order
No. SPM4A7-l l-M-G805 (Order G805) for an additional two production units and
one FAT unit (R4, tab Cl at 9-10). The total price of Order G805 was $3,680.00 (id.
at 1).
MAP shipped two FAT units on 17 May 2012, with an expected delivery date
of 24 May 2012, for testing under Order 6653 (R4, tab AS). The government
completed its testing on or about 14 November 2012. The test results indicated that
the part met the tests for heat treatment, conversion coating, chemical composition,
and organic finish requirement. (R4, tab A6 at 4) For the form, fit and function test,
one dimensional measurement was noted to be out of tolerance, but the mechanical
engineer who performed the measurement commented that the difference was
"Possible Trim" (id. at 9). In addition, the visual layover test resulted in a discrepancy
noted as "curvature mid-way right side too much" (id. at 8). With respect to this, the
conclusion by the engineer who signed the test report was:
The first article's loft surface contour was compared to
mylar number 337510 and 337530. The contour of the
first article matched the contour data on both mylars.
Project engineer should confirm these findings to
determine impact on mission requirements.
(Id. at 9)
The same day, 14 November 2012, an email from BG Scott Jansson of DLA
Aviation to Mr. Marin of MAP noted that the part had passed laboratory testing but
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"has failed the FIT check. We are awaiting the Lead Engineer's review to either pass
or fail the FIT." (R4, tab A7 at 2)
The record does not contain any information about the specifics of that review.
On 19 November 2012 a Notification of FAT results under Order No. 6653 was
issued. The first article was disapproved, with a recommendation from engineering
that the vendor be allowed to correct the discrepancies and resubmit the first article
within 90 days of notification of the results. (R4, tab A9 at 1) With respect to the two
noted discrepancies, this document stated:
Even though the part fit the mylars, during the form fit test,
the part failed to align correctly in the center curvature at
the WS83 end. The mylar only checks the open ends, not
alignment or position. The deviation on dimension #3 can
be attributed to trim. !
(Id.) On 7 December 2012, a letter from the contracting officer (CO), Alicia Wolford,
was sent to MAP. In that letter, Ms. Wolford stated that MAP's first article was
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disapproved and "this contract could be terminated for default." (R4, tab AlO at 2)
She further informed MAP that a bilateral modification would be forwarded cancelling
the contract in its entirety at no cost to either party (id.). There is no explanation in the
record of why the CO decided not to follow the engineering recommendation that
MAP be allowed to correct the two discrepancies and resubmit its first article.
On 12 December 2012, MAP forwarded CO Wolford's letter to Randall Fritz, a
Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) quality assurance specialist, stating:
We recently had our FA fail in the attached letter. I
believe this part is used as part of the fairing for the C-130
and the aircraft may be at Mc[C]lellan/US Coast Guard
base.
In the past they have allowed us to inspect their plane and
perhaps we could do this again.
We don't know why the part failed, as it matches a sample
part we have very well. We also hold two other contracts
for this part and I don't know how DOD will ever obtain
more parts if the data to build it is incorrect, as their letter
implies.
Would you consider working with us to get onto the base if
we can confirm this part is used for aircraft they have? We
would like to put our part up against the aircraft for
comparison.
(R4, tab A15 at 24) On the same day, Mr. Fritz forwarded the request on to
Lisa Hardy, the DLA contract specialist, stating in part:
Please see Rob's request below:
I am not sure DCMA (QAR's) will be assisting MAP with
this request. These contracts are late, and made wrong per
the letter. I like how he is concerned with "how EVER
will DoD obtain these parts again."
(Id. at 27) Ms. Hardy responded on 31 December 2012:
Randy, the modification to cancel this one has been
executed and I am working on cancelling the other two
contracts/orders as quickly as I can due to non-shipment
and FAT failure of the -6653 contract. Thank you.
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(Id.) Meanwhile, MAP had written to Ms. Hardy on 21 December 2012 noting that the
"FA rejection for this NSN is vague, seems to suggest our part was made properly to
the mylar and our part appears to be made correctly to the data and a sample part we
obtained." MAP further advised that it was working to obtain access to the C-130 at
McClellan to check the part, and that it had spent $18,671 on the item to date and
wanted to determine the source of failure. MAP requested 30 days to evaluate the
recent first article disapproval. (Id. at 30)
Unilateral Modification No. P00002 cancelling Order 6653 was signed by
CO Wolford on 8 December 2012 (R4, tab A3). Unilateral Modification No. POOOOl
cancelling Order 3828 was signed by CO Janice Hicks on 6 May 2013, although a
letter from CO Wolford expressing the government's intent to cancel was sent to MAP
on 17 December 2012 (R4, tabs B2, B 10). Order G805 was cancelled at no cost to
either party by bilateral modification dated 13 June 2013, although a letter notifying
MAP that the modification would be forwarded for signature was sent to MAP on
17 December 2012 (R4, tabs C2, C5). On 29 May 2013, CO Hicks acknowledged that
the cancellation of Order 6653 was processed without Mr. Marin's signature, but
stated: "At this time, we will leave it the way it was signed unless the Contractor
questions the validity of the modification" (R4, tab Al4). At this time, MAP was still
seeking assistance in accessing the C-130 aircraft at the Coast Guard facility to
determine the cause of first article failure (id.). Subsequently, MAP's request for
assistance in accessing the aircraft was denied by DCMA on the grounds that MAP's
contracts had all been cancelled and DCMA could not validate the need for a fit check
due to the lack of active contracts for the part (R4, tab A15 at 44-45).
On 27 May 2015, MAP submitted a claim to DLA for breach of contract, citing
all three orders and raising, among other issues, defective specifications, insufficient
justification for first article disapproval, failure to provide an opportunity to correct
minor defects, and government acts inconsistent with the purpose of the contract,
including a failure to cooperate to resolve first article issues. The sum claimed
pursuant to Order 6653 was $17 ,924.52, consisting of direct material and labor costs,
profit of$1,215.66, and $500.00 for consideration provided for a modification
extending delivery dates. An additional $708.75 on Order 3828 and $268.50 on Order
G805 was claimed for anticipatory profit, for a total claim of $18,901. 77. (R4,
tab Al5 at 1-4)
CO Hicks issued a final decision on MAP's claim on 21July2015
(R4, tab Al6). In that decision, she acknowledged that CO Wolford had improperly
executed a unilateral (vs. bilateral) cancellation of Order 6653 before providing MAP
with notification of the first article failure (id. at 4). She ascribed this action to an
incorrect belief on the part of CO Wolford that MAP had requested a no-cost
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cancellation of Order 6653, and stated that, accordingly, the cancellation would be
converted to a termination for the convenience of the government (id. at 4-5).
CO Hicks denied any relief with respect to Orders 3828 or G805 (id. at 5). The
modification converting the cancellation of Order 6653 to a termination for the
convenience of the government was subsequently issued on 16 October 2015 (R4,
tab A4). The government's motion to dismiss this appeal followed on
2 November 2015.
DISCUSSION
The government asserts that this appeal is premature because MAP has not
submitted a termination settlement proposal pursuant to the procedures set forth in
FAR Part 49. According to the government, unless MAP submits a proposal, and until
the parties' negotiations on that proposal reach impasse and the CO issues a unilateral
determination, MAP may not file an appeal at the Board, and the Board is without
jurisdiction to hear those portions of MAP's appeal involving amounts compensable
under the termination for convenience clause. (Gov't mot. at 2)
MAP counters, inter alia, that (1) the CO's final decision is an attempt to use an
untimely termination for convenience to avoid airing of the facts supporting a breach
of contract on the part of the government; and (2) granting the government's motion
would deprive MAP of the benefits of the Board's accelerated Rule 12 process and
unduly delay the resolution of its claim to its prejudice (app. reply at 1-5).
In James M Ellett Constr. Co. v. United States, 93 F.3d 1537 (Fed. Cir. 1996),
the court decided that a contractor is not precluded by a pending termination
settlement proposal from pursuing contract claims independent of that proposal. In
Ellett, the Forest Service terminated for convenience, two months after award, a
contract for the construction of a logging road. Shortly thereafter, the contractor
submitted a claim for $545,157.19, followed by a termination settlement proposal.*
On appeal from the trial court's dismissal ofEllett's suit for lack of jurisdiction,
the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit rejected the government's
argument that once it terminated the contract for convenience, Ellett's earlier claim
submission could not be pursued independently. The court agreed with the contractor
that the government does not have the authority "for simply eliminating valid
contractor claims by terminating the contract." 93 F.3d at 1546. The court duly noted
that the Contract Disputes Act provides for interest to run on contractor claims, while
under the regulations, no interest is allowed on termination settlement proposals. Id. at
1547. It stated further: f
f
*Ellett subsequently filed suit in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims
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It does not stand to reason that the government can
avoid a statutory right to interest on a claim by simply
terminating the contract for convenience. We do not
suggest that contracting officers would intentionally do so;
we presume they perform their duties in good faith, and in
accordance with the law and governing regulations.
Nevertheless, we cannot endorse a scheme that would
circumvent Congress's stated desire to grant contractors
interest on valid, properly certified claims. [Citation
omitted]
Id. Thus, Ellett was entitled to pursue its separate claim for increased costs, which was
either constructively denied by the CO or deemed denied since the CO did not address
the merits. "Either way, the trial court had jurisdiction." Id. at 1548.
In Agility Defense & Government Services, Inc., ASBCA Nos. 58870, 59261,
15-1BCAii35,810, we followed Ellett in rejecting an argument by DLA that the
Board lacked jurisdiction over a pre-termination claim once the contract was
terminated for convenience and appellant failed to submit a termination proposal. We
disagreed with the government's argument that the relief available under the
pre-termination claim would be the same as that available under the later termination,
noting for instance that the timing of the termination could have a significant impact
on the measure of recovery. In addition, we disagreed that the pre-termination claim
was merged into the subsequent termination for convenience:
Independent claims are not necessarily merged into the
termination of the same contract under which the claim arose
and may be appealed separately from the termination for
convenience appeal.
15-1BCAii35,810 at 175,133 (citing James M Ellett, 93 F.3d at 1548; RW
Electronics Corp., ASBCA No. 46592, 96-2 BCA ii 28,540).
In this case, DLA converted its contract cancellation into a termination for
convenience, so there may be no difference in the timing of the operative event.
However, MAP's claim is not for constructive termination, but for breach. Therefore,
the measure of damages may be significantly different from that available under a
termination for convenience, even a retroactive one. Moreover, as the Federal Circuit
held in Ellett, the CDA grants contractors a right to interest on their claims, whereas
interest does not run on a termination settlement proposal. Therefore, we find that
MAP's breach claim is an independent claim that is not merged into the government's
subsequent termination for convenience. We have jurisdiction.
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CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the government's motion to dismiss is denied.
Dated: 4 February 2016
L ~. O'SULLIVAN
Administrative Judge
Armed Services Board
of Contract Appeals
I concur
M-
RICHARD SHACKLEFORD
Administrative Judge
Vice Chairman
Armed Services Board
of Contract Appeals
I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA No. 60290, Appeal of Military
Aircraft Parts, rendered in conformance with the Board's Charter.
Dated:
JEFFREY D. GARDIN
Recorder, Armed Services
Board of Contract Appeals
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