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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: A.M.P., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
APPEAL OF: S.J.P., MOTHER
No. 3113 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Decree and Order September 17, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at Nos.: CP-51-AP-0000584-2015
CP-51-DP-0001751-2014
FID: 51-FN-002762-2011
BEFORE: BOWES, J., MUNDY, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.: FILED MAY 26, 2016
S.J.P. (Mother) appeals the decree and the order, entered in the Court
of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County on September 17, 2015, that,
respectively, terminated her parental rights to her son, A.M.P. (Child), born
in April of 2014, and changed his goal to adoption.1 We affirm.
Philadelphia’s Department of Human Services (DHS) has had contact
with this family since 2011 because of reports of Mother’s drug and alcohol
____________________________________________
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
The trial court also terminated the parental rights to Child of C.P.Q.
(Father). Father did not appeal that termination.
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use and her lack of appropriate care and supervision of her children. (See
Statement of Facts (SoF), at para. a).2
In late April of 2014, DHS learned that Mother had given birth to Child
at Albert Einstein Medical Center. At the time, there was an outstanding
bench warrant for Mother who was transient and believed to be concealing
the whereabouts of another child with an open dependency proceeding.
(See SoF, at para. b, c, and d).
On July 21, 2014, Child’s paternal aunt (Paternal Aunt) told DHS that
Mother had been found unresponsive at the Roosevelt Inn, allegedly from
the abuse of drugs and alcohol, and that Child was with her. Police
responded, had Mother transported by ambulance to Nazareth Hospital, and
entrusted Child to the care of Paternal Aunt. (See SoF, at para. e and f).
DHS evaluated Paternal Aunt’s home, found it appropriate and
obtained an order of protective custody for Child who remained with Paternal
Aunt in kinship care.
____________________________________________
2
At the September 17, 2015, hearing on the termination of Mother’s
parental rights, DHS entered Mother’s stipulation that, if she were called to
testify, DHS social worker, Catherine Paczkowski, would testify in accordance
with the statement of facts contained in DHS’ goal change/termination
petitions with the exception of paragraphs e, f, and g. (See N.T. Hearing,
9/17/15, at 13, 23). The facts set forth in those paragraphs were contained
in Child’s dependency petition and are part of the record of Child’s
adjudication hearing on July 28, 2014, at which Mother and her counsel were
present.
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The trial court adjudicated Child dependent and committed him to the
care of DHS on July 28, 2014. The trial court referred Mother to the Clinical
Evaluation Unit (CEU) for a dual diagnosis assessment and forthwith drug
screen. Mother has a mental health diagnosis of bipolar disorder and post-
traumatic stress disorder for which she receives Social Security Income
benefits. (See N.T. Hearing, 9/17/15, at 19; SoF, at para. o).
At a family service plan (FSP) meeting on August 21, 2014, DHS
established goals for Mother, including: 1) receive mental health and drug
and alcohol treatment and comply with all treatment recommendations; and,
2) obtain suitable housing and maintain visitation with Child. (See N.T.
Hearing, 9/17/15, at 15).
Throughout Child’s placement, the trial court referred Mother to the
CEU for drug screening, assessment and monitoring. Mother participated in
mental health counseling at Community Council through the Achieving
Reunification Center (ARC) program, but did not stay in counseling. (See
id. at 20).
At Child’s January 20, 2015, review hearing, the trial court referred
Mother to Behavioral Health Services (BHS) for monitoring and anger
management counseling and ordered her to sign releases for DHS to obtain
her ARC and BHS records and reports.
Mother’s compliance with mental health counseling and the ARC
program was short-lived. (See id.). Further, she failed to submit to a drug
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and alcohol assessment and had tested positive for benzodiazepine on April
22, 2015 and June 15, 2015. (See SoF, at para. z).
At Child’s June 25, 2015, permanency review, the trial court found
Mother not in compliance with any of her FSP objectives or Child’s
permanency plan. She was non-compliant with mental health services; non-
compliant with drug and alcohol counseling; had been discharged from the
ARC due to lack of participation in the program; and was not visiting Child
on a regular basis.
DHS filed its petition to change Child’s goal to adoption and its petition
to terminate Mother’s parental rights on August 21, 2015. The trial court
held a hearing on those petitions on September 17, 2015. At the hearing,
DHS presented the testimony of its social worker, Catherine Paczkowski, and
entered Mother’s stipulation to the SoF. Mother, despite adequate notice,
failed to appear for the hearing. Ms. Paczkowski testified that she had
spoken to Mother on September 16, 2015, and that Mother was aware of the
hearing. (See N.T. Hearing, 9/17/15, at 6-8; 14-15).
The trial court entered its order changing Child’s goal to adoption and
its decree terminating Mother’s parental rights, pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§
2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8) and (b), on September 17, 2015. Mother filed her
notice of appeal and concise statement of errors complained of on appeal on
October 13, 2015.
Mother raises the following question on appeal:
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Did the [trial court] err as a matter of law and abuse its
discretion when it terminated Mother’s parental rights and
changed [Child’s] goal to adoption where [DHS] failed to present
clear and convincing evidence that Mother had not relieved the
circumstance [sic] which brought [Child] into care; failed to
present clear and convincing evidence that Mother evidenced a
settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim to [Child]; and
failed to present clear and convincing evidence that [Child]
would not be harmed by termination of [Mother’s] parental
rights?
(Mother’s Brief, at 3).
Our standard of review is as follows:
In an appeal from an order terminating parental rights, our
scope of review is comprehensive: we consider all the evidence
presented as well as the trial court’s factual findings and legal
conclusions. However, our standard of review is narrow: we will
reverse the trial court’s order only if we conclude that the trial
court abused its discretion, made an error of law, or lacked
competent evidence to support its findings. The trial judge’s
decision is entitled to the same deference as a jury verdict.
In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).
Further, we have stated:
Where the hearing court’s findings are supported by
competent evidence of record, we must affirm the hearing court
even though the record could support an opposite result.
We are bound by the findings of the trial court
which have adequate support in the record so long
as the findings do not evidence capricious disregard
for competent and credible evidence. The trial court
is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence
presented, and is likewise free to make all credibility
determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence.
Though we are not bound by the trial court’s
inferences and deductions, we may reject its
conclusions only if they involve errors of law or are
clearly unreasonable in light of the trial court’s
sustainable findings.
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In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted).
The trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23
Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). In order to affirm the
termination of parental rights, this Court need only agree with any one
subsection of Section 2511(a). See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.
Super. 2004) (en banc), appeal denied, 863 A.2d 1141 (Pa. 2004).
Requests to have a natural parent’s rights terminated are governed by
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511, which provides, in pertinent part:
§ 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination
(a) General rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child
may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
grounds:
* * *
(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect
or refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without
essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary for
his physical or mental well-being and the conditions and
causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or
will not be remedied by the parent.
* * *
(b) Other considerations.—The court in terminating the rights
of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on
the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing,
furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition
filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not
consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the
giving of notice of the filing of the petition.
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23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2), (b).
It is well settled that a party seeking termination of a parent’s rights
bears the burden of proving the grounds to so do by “clear and convincing
evidence,” a standard which requires evidence that is “so clear, direct,
weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear
conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” In
re T.F., 847 A.2d 738, 742 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted). Further,
A parent must utilize all available resources to preserve the
parental relationship, and must exercise reasonable firmness in
resisting obstacles placed in the path of maintaining the parent-
child relationship. Parental rights are not preserved by waiting
for a more suitable or convenient time to perform one’s parental
responsibilities while others provide the child with his or her
physical and emotional needs.
In the Interest of K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation
omitted).
The Adoption Act provides that a trial court “shall give primary
consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and
welfare of the child.” 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). The Act does not make
specific reference to an evaluation of the bond between parent and child but
our case law requires the evaluation of any such bond. See In re E.M., 620
A.2d 481, 485 (Pa. 1993). However, this Court has held that the trial court
is not required by statute or precedent to order a formal bonding evaluation
performed by an expert. See In re K.K.R.-S., 958 A.2d 529, 533 (Pa.
Super. 2008).
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Here, our review of Mother’s brief reveals that she has waived her
claim that the trial court erred or abused its discretion when it terminated
her parental rights pursuant to section 2511(a)(2). In support of her claim
that the trial court erred when it terminated her rights pursuant to section
2511(a)(2), Mother states:
Mother was visiting with [Child.] She also attended
domestic violence classes and housing workshop orientation.
Furthermore, [M]other had enrolled in both drug and alcohol and
mental health treatment programs. Mother took these steps in
an attempt to parent and to eventually reunite with [Child].
Therefore, termination of Mother’s parental rights under
§[]2511(a)(2) would be against the weight of the evidence.
(Mother’s Brief, at 12) (record citations omitted). That is Mother’s complete
argument.
Mother’s argument contains no citation to any legal authority and she
makes no effort whatsoever to link the facts of her case to the law. In sum,
Mother makes no attempt to develop a coherent legal argument to support
her conclusion that the trial court erred in terminating her parental rights,
and she has, therefore, waived that argument. “The failure to develop an
adequate argument in an appellate brief may [] result in waiver of the claim
under Pa.R.A.P. 2119.” Commonwealth v. Beshore, 916 A.2d 1128, 1140
(Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied, 982 A.2d 509 (Pa. 2007) (case citation
and internal quotation mark omitted). “[A]rguments which are not
appropriately developed are waived. Arguments not appropriately
developed include those where the party has failed to cite any authority in
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support of a contention.” Lackner v. Glosser, 892 A.2d 21, 29-30 (Pa.
Super. 2006) (citations omitted).
Moreover, our examination of the record reveals that it supports the
trial court’s determination to terminate Mother’s parental rights pursuant to
section 2511(a)(2).
Mother’s FSP goals were to undergo drug and alcohol and mental
health treatment, obtain suitable housing, and visit successfully with Child.
Ms. Paczkowski testified that Mother failed to complete successfully a drug
and alcohol program, and that she had not completed any mental health
treatment. (See N.T. Hearing, 9/17/15, at 15-16). Ms. Paczkowski also
testified that Mother failed to secure adequate housing. (See id. at 16). In
regard to visitation, Ms. Paczkowski testified that Mother had made attempts
to visit, and that, while her behavior at some visits was, “appropriate,” at
one visit she fell asleep and at another “was acting somewhat irrational.”
(Id. at 19). DHS presented sufficient, credible evidence to support the trial
court’s determination to terminate Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23
Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2).
Mother makes a similar argument in support of her claim that the trial
court erred in terminating her rights pursuant to section (b):
Mother and [Child] share a beneficial bond that should not
be destroyed though termination of Mother’s parental rights as
evidence[d] by DHS Social Worker Ms. Paczkowski’s testimony
that Mother and [Child] had a good relationship. As such, [DHS]
has failed to establish that [Child] would not suffer irreparable
harm if Mother’s parental rights were terminated.
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(Mother’s Brief, at 15) (record citation omitted). Mother has also waived this
issue for her failure to develop it. See Lackner, supra at 29-30.
Moreover, our review of the record in this matter reveals that it
supports the trial court’s determination to terminate Mother’s parental rights
pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). At the hearing, the following exchange
took place between Ms. Paczkowski and counsel for DHS:
Q. Ms. Paczkowski, again, if you were asked—well, let me
just ask you: Who does [Child], in your opinion, share his
primary parental bond with? Who does he look to primarily as
his parent, his caregiver, his provider; [M]other or [Paternal
Aunt and Uncle]?
A. Paternal [A]unt and [U]ncle.
Q. Thank you very much. Do you believe [Child] will
suffer permanent emotional harm if [M]other’s rights are
terminated and [Child] isn’t allowed to see [Mother] anymore?
A. No, I do not.
(N.T. Hearing, 9/17/25, at 17-18).
The trial court did not err or abuse its discretion when it terminated
Mother’s parental rights pursuant to section 2511(b).
Finally, we find that Mother has waived her argument that the trial
court erred by changing Child’s goal to adoption in that she fails to mention,
no less argue the issue in her brief. See Lackner, supra at 29-30.
With the above standard of review in mind, we have thoroughly
reviewed the record, briefs, and the applicable law, and determined that the
evidence presented is sufficient to support the trial court’s order changing
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Child’s goal to adoption and its decree terminating Mother’s parental rights
to Child.
Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s decree and order, each entered
September 17, 2015, terminating Mother’s parental rights and changing
Child’s goal to adoption.
Decree and order affirmed.
Judge Mundy joins the Memorandum.
Judge Bowes concurs in the result.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/26/2016
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