STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
June 6, 2016
RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
In re: H.J., R.H., and E.H. SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
No. 16-0218 (Kanawha County 14-JA-210, 14-JA-211, & 14-JA-321)
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Mother C.J., by counsel Edward L. Bullman, appeals the Circuit Court of
Kanawha County’s February 11, 2016, order terminating her parental rights to H.J., R.H., and
E.H.1 The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel
S.L. Evans, filed its response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem,
Sharon K. Childers, filed a response on behalf of the children also in support of the circuit
court’s order. On appeal, petitioner alleges that the circuit court erred in terminating her parental
rights and in denying her post-termination visitation with the children.2
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
In July of 2014, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against the parents and
alleged that there was ongoing domestic violence in the home that emotionally harmed the
children. At the time the petition was filed, H.J. and R.H. were five years old and eleven months
old, respectively. Petitioner and the children lived with D.H., the biological father of R.H. and
1
Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
2
We note that West Virginia Code §§ 49-1-1 through 49-11-10 were repealed and
recodified during the 2015 Regular Session of the West Virginia Legislature. The new
enactment, West Virginia Code §§ 49-1-101 through 49-7-304, has minor stylistic changes and
became effective ninety days after the February 19, 2015, approval date. In this memorandum
decision, we apply the statutes as they existed during the pendency of the proceedings below.
1
subsequently-born E.H.3 As to petitioner, the DHHR also alleged that her mental health,
including issues with anger management and self-control, prevented her from being an
appropriate parent. The DHHR initially instituted a safety plan in the home, but it proved
unsuccessful. As such, the children were removed from the home and placed in foster care.
Additionally, petitioner was pregnant at the time of the petition’s filing.
In September of 2014, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing, during which
petitioner stipulated to allegations of abuse and neglect. As such, the circuit court found that
petitioner participated in and initiated domestic violence against the father in the children’s
presence and adjudicated her as an abusing parent. The circuit court then granted petitioner a
post-adjudicatory improvement period. The circuit court ordered that petitioner undergo a
psychological evaluation, adult life skills and parenting education, and services designed to
address issues of anger management. The circuit court also granted petitioner visitation with the
children. The following month, the DHHR filed an amended petition to include recently-born
infant E.H. in the proceedings. According to the amended petition, E.H. tested positive for
cannabinoids at birth. The circuit court subsequently ordered petitioner to undergo random drug
screens.
In November of 2014, all three children were returned to the father, who was no longer
living with petitioner. At the time, the father lived with his sister, and the children’s return was
subject to compliance with an in-home safety plan. Ultimately, in January of 2015, the DHHR
removed the children from the father’s home. The following month, the circuit court held a
review hearing and extended petitioner’s improvement period. In June of 2015, the DHHR filed
a second amended petition that alleged that the parents admitted to smoking marijuana in May of
2015 and that, in June of 2015, petitioner threw an electronic tablet at the father. Further, the
second amended petition alleged that the father accused petitioner of “blacking” his eye on
several occasions and trying to stab him in the head with a knife on another occasion. The
petition further included petitioner’s allegation that the father “busted her mouth.” Finally, the
second amended petition alleged that petitioner appeared at the father’s parents’ home with a
baseball bat and threatened him.
In August of 2015, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing, during which it was
presented with evidence of ongoing domestic violence issues between the parents. It was
indicated that during one incident shortly after E.H.’s birth, petitioner jumped from the father’s
moving vehicle during an altercation. Further, during the proceedings, petitioner was evicted
from her residence due to “excessive disturbances and physical altercations for which law
enforcement ha[d] been called.” Despite being barred from the property, the father was seen in
an argument with petitioner and others. Similar incidents were reported during supervised visits,
with one service provider reporting that the parents demonstrated “highly inappropriate behavior
during two separate visitations.” Moreover, evidence established that H.J. exhibited “stark
behavioral and attitudinal changes subsequent [to] every visit[] with his parents” It was noted
that H.J. acted out in school, on the bus, at his foster home after visits, and that he exhibited
3
The proceedings in circuit court also included H.J.’s biological father as a named
respondent. However, none of the rulings in regard to this individual are pertinent to petitioner’s
appeal. As such, D.H. is referred to as “the father” throughout this memorandum decision.
2
verbal aggression, noncompliance, and self-injurious behavior. Further, the circuit court found
that petitioner failed to consistently submit to drug screens and tested positive for illegal
substances during her improvement period. The circuit court also found that petitioner failed to
maintain housing or employment and to consistently participate in visitation with the children.
Ultimately, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights and denied her post-
termination visitation with the children. It is from the dispositional order that petitioner appeals.4
The Court has previously established the following standard of review:
“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
4
The circuit court entered its original dispositional order on October 5, 2015. However,
petitioner failed to timely appeal the same. As such, the circuit court re-entered the dispositional
order on February 11, 2016, for purposes of this appeal. The Court notes that there is no
provision in the Rules of Appellate Procedure for the circuit court to re-enter a disposition order
for the purpose of extending the time frame for filing an appeal. The procedure for seeking an
extension of time for filing an appeal in a child abuse and neglect proceeding is set forth in Rule
11(f) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure which states that,
[u]nless otherwise provided by law, an appeal in an abuse and neglect case must
be perfected within sixty days of the date the judgment being appealed was
entered in the office of the circuit clerk; provided, however, that the circuit court
from which the appeal is taken or the Supreme Court may, for good cause shown,
by order entered of record, extend such period, not to exceed a total extension of
two months, if the notice of appeal was properly and timely filed by the party
seeking the appeal . . . . Upon motion filed on or before the deadline for perfecting
an appeal, the Court may grant leave to the petitioner to perfect an appeal where a
notice of appeal has not been filed and a scheduling order has not been entered.
Such relief will be granted only in extraordinary circumstances, and if the motion
is granted, the Court may, in its discretion, deny oral argument or impose other
sanctions for failure to comply with the Rules.
Accordingly, the Court instructs circuit courts and the parties to properly comply with Rule 11(f)
as a means of extending the times frames for filing an appeal in a child abuse and neglect
proceeding instead of re-entering a dispositional order.
3
viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).
Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds
no error in the proceedings below.
To begin, we find no error in the circuit court’s termination of petitioner’s parental rights.
On appeal, petitioner argues that she completed the terms of her improvement period and
corrected the conditions that led to the petition’s filing. The Court, however, does not agree.
While it is true that petitioner complied with some services below, the record is clear that
petitioner’s issues with domestic violence and substance abuse persisted throughout the
proceedings. Importantly, petitioner’s argument on appeal only underscores the fact that she did
not properly understand how her behavior negatively impacted her children. In support of her
appeal, petitioner argues that “her children were cared for and not abused” and that she “was not
an abusive or neglectful parent.” Instead, petitioner argues that she was “prone to overreacting in
dealing with service providers” and blames the DHHR’s intervention for substantially
contributing to the issues in the home. Petitioner makes these arguments in spite of her
stipulation to committing domestic violence in the children’s presence and her testimony that the
children witnessed her strike the father. Upon our review, the Court finds that petitioner’s
argument lacks support in the record.
In fact, it is clear that petitioner had severe issues with domestic violence well before the
DHHR filed its initial petition in July of 2014. Indeed, the record demonstrates that petitioner
was the subject of at least six domestic violence protective proceedings in 2013 alone, including
two that the father filed against her for subjecting him to varying degrees of physical violence.
Specifically, the father alleged that petitioner told him she would stab him in the neck, and that
she struck his face and threw objects at him on several occasions. The evidence further indicated
that petitioner’s issues with domestic violence continued during the proceedings below, as the
circuit court found that petitioner was involved in three domestic violence proceedings in 2015.
In total, the circuit court recognized that petitioner was involved in at least eleven domestic
violence proceedings. Further, the circuit court found that petitioner was charged criminally with
domestic assault for threatening the father with a baseball bat. These incidents supported the
circuit court’s finding that, despite services designed to remedy the issues of abuse and neglect,
petitioner “continued to be involved in domestic violence and domestic altercations.”
Moreover, in addition to her ongoing issues with domestic violence, the circuit court
specifically found at disposition that petitioner failed to consistently participate in visitation with
the children, and was unable to obtain and maintain employment and suitable housing, despite
services to assist with these issues. Further, the circuit court found that petitioner failed to
consistently participate in drug screens, as directed; provided positive screens during her
improvement period; and admitted to using marijuana shortly before disposition. Based upon this
evidence, the circuit court specifically found that there was no reasonable likelihood that
petitioner could substantially correct the conditions of abuse and neglect and that termination of
her parental rights was necessary for the children’s welfare.
4
Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(3), there is no reasonable likelihood
conditions of abuse and neglect can be substantially corrected when
[t]he abusing parent . . . [has] not responded to or followed through with a
reasonable family case plan or other rehabilitative efforts of social, medical,
mental health or other rehabilitative agencies designed to reduce or prevent the
abuse or neglect of the child, as evidenced by the continuation or insubstantial
diminution of conditions which threatened the health, welfare or life of the
child[.]
In support of petitioner’s argument that she corrected the conditions of abuse and neglect, she
relies heavily on testimony from providers from early in the proceedings that she was complying
with the terms of her improvement period. Although that was true at the time of the testimony, it
is clear that petitioner’s compliance was short-lived and that the conditions of abuse and neglect
persisted throughout the proceedings due to petitioner’s failure to follow through with the
services offered. As such, the circuit court correctly found that there was no reasonable
likelihood she could substantially correct the conditions of abuse and neglect and that
termination was necessary for the children’s welfare. Contrary to petitioner’s argument that the
circuit court erred in finding that there was no less-restrictive dispositional alternative than
termination, the Court finds that the circuit court was required to terminate her parental rights
upon these findings pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(a)(6).
Moreover, we have previously held that “‘courts are not required to exhaust every
speculative possibility of parental improvement . . . where it appears that the welfare of the child
will be seriously threatened . . .’ Syl. Pt. 1, in part, In re R.J.M., 164 W.Va. 496, 266 S.E.2d 114
(1980).” Syl. Pt. 4, in part, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). As noted above,
the circuit court found that petitioner’s issues with domestic violence continued, unabated,
throughout the proceedings. As such, we find no error in the circuit court’s termination of her
parental rights.
Finally, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying her post-termination
visitation with the children. The Court, however, finds no error in this regard. We have
previously held as follows:
“When parental rights are terminated due to neglect or abuse, the circuit
court may nevertheless in appropriate cases consider whether continued visitation
or other contact with the abusing parent is in the best interest of the child. Among
other things, the circuit court should consider whether a close emotional bond has
been established between parent and child and the child’s wishes, if he or she is of
appropriate maturity to make such request. The evidence must indicate that such
visitation or continued contact would not be detrimental to the child’s well being
and would be in the child’s best interest.” Syl. Pt. 5, In re Christina L., 194 W.Va.
446, 460 S.E.2d 692 (1995).
Syl. Pt. 11, In re Daniel D., 211 W.Va. 79, 562 S.E.2d 147 (2002). According to petitioner, the
circuit court should have granted her post-termination visitation because of the close bond
5
between her and the children. Essentially, petitioner argues that because she is the only parent
the children have ever known, the circuit court’s denial of post-termination visitation is not in
their best interests. The Court, however, does not agree. According to the record, the oldest child,
H.J., exhibited severe behavioral issues following visitations with the parents, including a defiant
and confrontational attitude, disruption in school, physical altercations with other children, and
self-injurious behavior. As such, it is clear that visitation below was detrimental to the children
and that continued contact would not be in their best interests. For these reasons, we find no error
in the circuit court’s denial of post-termination visitation with petitioner.
For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its
February 11, 2016, order is hereby affirmed.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: June 6, 2016
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Allen H. Loughry II
6