AFFIRMED; Opinion Filed June 20, 2016.
In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-15-00787-CR
ROY LEE TANNER, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 204th Judicial District Court
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. F-1476344-Q
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Bridges, Evans, and O'Neill1
Opinion by Justice Evans
Roy Lee Tanner appeals his conviction for aggravated sexual assault of a child. In two
issues, appellant contends the trial court erred in allowing impermissible hearsay evidence to be
presented to the jury and the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction. We affirm the
trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
Appellant is the father of two girls, A.T. and E.T. On June 28, 2014, Child Protective
Services (“CPS”) was contacted because A.T. and E.T. were found sleeping in a car in a motel
parking lot. A.T. was five years old and E.T. was three years old. CPS removed the girls from
1
The Hon. Michael J. O'Neill, Justice, Assigned
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appellant’s custody and placed them in foster care. The girls’ mother was living in another state
at the time.
The girls were eventually placed with Shaun and Rocky Baker who have a licensed group
foster home. Shaun stated that both girls were happy and affectionate and quickly began calling
her “mom.” Within a week after arriving at the Bakers, the girls had a scheduled visit with
appellant. When Shaun told E.T. that she would be visiting her father, Shaun noticed that E.T.
became withdrawn and appeared nervous and scared. When E.T. returned from the visit, she
was very quiet and wanted her sister who had gone back to school.
That afternoon, when A.T. returned from school, she and E.T. sat on the couch to watch
cartoons. When Shaun entered the room, she heard E.T. say to A.T. “I told Mom what Dad does
to us.” Shaun stated she believed E.T. waited for her to come into the room to make the
statement. According to Shaun, A.T. appeared scared and shocked. A.T. first responded, “I
don’t know what you are talking about.” But the girls continued to talk, becoming more and
more upset, until A.T. stated, “But he’ll kill me.” At that point, Shaun stated, both girls were
“fully balling their eyes out.” Shaun reported the abuse to Child Protective Services and took the
girls to Children’s Hospital in Dallas for a sexual assault medical examination.
The sexual assault medical examinations were performed by Sandra Onyinanya, a nurse
examiner. As part of the exam, Onyinanya spoke with Shaun about the girls’ history. After
conducting a medical examination of A.T., Onyinanya stated there was no evidence of trauma to
her anus or genitals. Onyinanya stated this was common, however, because the tissue in those
areas heals quickly. Onyinanya also found no evidence of trauma to E.T.
Approximately two weeks later, Shaun took the girls to see a child and family therapist,
Terri Liticker. During the initial meeting, Shaun stayed in the room with A.T. According to
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Liticker, when she began to ask A.T. about the alleged sexual abuse, A.T. crawled into Shaun’s
lap, turned her head, and started crying. Liticker stated this behavior indicated that A.T. had
suffered that type of trauma. When Shaun told Liticker what A.T. had told her, A.T. cried and
stated that she had told Shaun about it, but she didn’t want to talk. She told Shaun, “You tell
her.”
Shaun related that A.T. told her appellant had touched her private parts and A.T. used the
word “pee pee.” Shaun said A.T. had described acts that sounded like full intercourse and said
appellant “put his conditioner in her.” Liticker stated the terms “pee pee” and “conditioner”
were A.T.’s words and not Shaun’s. Liticker stated that A.T. was emotional the whole time
Shaun was speaking and cried most of the time. Liticker also said that, although A.T. was afraid
of her at first, she quickly sought comfort by crawling into her lap which indicated A.T. had
inappropriate boundaries. Liticker indicated that, in later conversations when she spoke with
A.T. alone, A.T. expressed concern about appellant being put in jail and asked whether dads go
to jail “if little kids tell.” A.T. expressed feelings that she cared about appellant but was also
scared of him. Liticker stated it was not unusual for children to recant accusations when they
realize the consequences of their statements.
Sometime after Shaun reported the alleged abuse, Detective Dior-Ali Cupid of the Dallas
Police Department child abuse unit was assigned to the case. Cupid immediately scheduled a
forensic interview of A.T. The interview was conducted by Nakisha Biglow at the Dallas
Children’s Advocacy Center with Detective Cupid present.
During the interview, A.T. told Biglow that appellant would pour “conditioner” on her
hair and on her “vagina” and that the “conditioner” would come from his “vagina.” A.T. also
told Biglow that appellant took her clothes off, put his finger in her butt, and wiggled it. A.T.
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said it hurt when appellant did this and when she told him to stop, he refused. A.T. stated that
appellant also left her alone with a friend of his who took naked pictures of her. A.T. said that,
when she visited appellant, he would tell her that he didn’t love her and didn’t want to see her
anymore. Biglow also spoke to E.T., but Biglow stated E.T. did not disclose any abuse and told
her that she did not know about anything happening to her sister.
Detective Cupid later interviewed appellant. Appellant told Detective Cupid, among
other things, that when A.T. was one or two years old he put his finger inside her anus to help
her with a hard stool. Appellant also told the detective that he once left A.T. with a friend at his
residence. When he later developed some pictures off a camera he found, he said there were
pictures of A.T. and his friend naked.
In late 2014, A.T. and E.T. were removed from the Bakers’ care and placed with
appellant’s brother and his wife, Roketa and Lavon Tanner. In February 2015, the Tanners took
A.T. to see a new therapist, Lola McGee. Although Liticker informed the Tanners that she
wanted to help A.T. transition to the new therapist by communicating with her and transferring
A.T.’s records over, the Tanners never sent Liticker the consent forms necessary for that to
occur.
McGee stated the referral she received said that A.T. had been sexually abused by her
father. But when she asked A.T. about inappropriate touching, A.T. denied that her father
touched her in a sexually inappropriate manner. Approximately four months later, during an
interview at which members of the district attorney’s office were present, A.T. denied that
anyone had ever touched her private parts, hurt her private parts, or touched her anywhere they
were not supposed to touch her.
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Appellant was indicted for aggravated sexual assault of a child. Specifically, the State
alleged that appellant “did unlawfully then and there intentionally and knowingly cause the
penetration of the anus of [A.T.], a child, who was not then the spouse of defendant, by an
object, to-wit: the finger of defendant, and at the time of the offense, the child was younger than
six years of age.” Appellant pleaded not guilty. Following a jury trial, appellant was convicted
and sentenced to forty years’ confinement. This appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
A. Hearsay Evidence
In his first issue, appellant contends the trial court erred in permitting impermissible
hearsay evidence to go before the jury. The evidence about which appellant complains is the
clinical record and testimony of Onyinanya, the nurse examiner. In both the clinical record and
her testimony, Onyinanya related Shaun’s statements to her about A.T.’s history before A.T.’s
medical examination. Onyinanya testified Shaun told her about various acts of sexual abuse that
A.T. alleged appellant had committed. She further testified that she gathered this information
from Shaun because A.T.’s history is what would guide her diagnosis and treatment. Appellant
objected to admission of the evidence stating,
Defense will object to [the clinical record] as hearsay within hearsay with regards
to statements from the foster mother to medical personnel as to hearsay within
that document. She’s not the outcry witness. She’s already been on the stand to
testify. I’ve had the opportunity to cross-examine her, but I cannot cross-examine
her on those statements. That makes it hearsay, and we object to its admission.
After the trial court overruled the objection, appellant asked for a running objection as to
Onyinanya’s testimony about “statements from the foster mom.”
Onyinanya testified that A.T. told Shaun appellant touched her and her sister “down
there” daily. Appellant also “put his hands on his pee pee and moved them in and out” until
conditioner came out and he would make the girls drink it. According to Onyinanya, A.T. told
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Shaun that whenever appellant was on top of her “it felt like he was ripping her apart” and
“sometimes he put conditioner inside of her, and it leak[ed] out of her when he took his pee pee
out.” A.T. also told Shaun appellant would do the same things to E.T. and she could hear E.T.
screaming in pain. Finally, A.T. told Shaun appellant threatened to kill her if she told.
Appellant’s argument on appeal is largely a recitation of case law regarding the
confrontation clause preceded by the statement that “appellant was not afforded the opportunity
to question the complainant.” But appellant’s objection at trial was not that he was unable to
question A.T. Rather, appellant objected that he was supposedly unable to cross-examine Shaun,
a witness at trial, about her statements to Onyinanya.2 When an issue raised on appeal does not
comport with the objection made at trial, nothing is preserved for review. See TEX. R. APP. P.
33.1.
As for appellant’s complaint that the evidence at issue was inadmissible hearsay,
appellant merely cites without any analysis Texas Rule of Evidence 803(4). Rule 803(4)
provides an exception to the hearsay rule for statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis
or treatment. See TEX. R. EVID. 803(4). Appellant does not make any argument or cite any
authority to show why the exception he cites would not apply in this case. Under the rule,
statements by a child’s parent or guardian to a medical practitioner relating allegations of sexual
abuse may not be excluded by the rule against hearsay. See Sandoval v. State, 52 S.W.3d 851,
856–57 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, pet. ref’d).
Furthermore, the majority of the information related by Onyinanya in her clinical report
and testimony was repetitive of the testimony provided by several other witness including Shaun,
2
See Segura v. State, 05-15-00032-CR, 2015 WL 8273712, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 8, 2015, no. pet.)
(no violation of Confrontation Clause where person who made statements recorded in medical record of sexual
assault nurse examiner testified during trial) (mem. op., not designated for publication).
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Biglow, and Liticker. These witnesses testified without objection that A.T. told them appellant
abused both her and her sister, made “conditioner” come out of his genitals, put the
“conditioner” inside her vagina, committed acts with her that hurt and “sounded like full
intercourse,” and threatened to kill her if she told anyone. Accordingly, even if the admission of
Onyinanya’s report and testimony was erroneous, it would not constitute reversible error because
the same or similar evidence was admitted without objection at another point in the trial. See
Mayes v. State, 816 S.W.2d 79, 88 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991).
Appellant notes that Onyinanya’s testimony did not relate to “the actual allegations of the
indictment, which alleged penetration of A.T.’s anus.” To the extent appellant is attempting to
raise a relevancy complaint, he made no objections regarding the relevancy of the evidence at
trial. Accordingly, he has not preserved this issue for review. See Ibarra v. State, 11 S.W.3d
189, 197 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). We resolve appellant’s first issue against him.
B. Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his second issue, appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his
conviction. When an appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support a
conviction, we review all the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine
whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. Wise v. State, 364 S.W.3d 900, 903 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). Evidence is
sufficient if “the inferences necessary to establish guilt are reasonable based upon the cumulative
force of all the evidence when considered in the light most favorable to the verdict.” Id. If the
evidence is conflicting, we presume that the factfinder resolved the conflicts in favor of the
prosecution and defer to that determination.” Id. We defer to the trier of fact’s determinations of
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witness credibility and the weight to be given their testimony. See Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d
893, 899 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010).
Appellant argues the evidence is insufficient because A.T. recanted her accusations and
the evidence presented at trial that he committed sexual assault as alleged in the indictment was
“scant.” We disagree. Although A.T. recanted her accusation, the jury was free to disbelieve the
recantation. See Chambers v. State, 805 S.W.2d 459, 461 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). A.T.
recanted her accusations only after she was removed from the foster family to whom she made
her initial outcry and had lived with appellant’s brother and his wife for several months. The
evidence showed that A.T. cared about her father and was afraid he would go to jail based on
what she said. Liticker, A.T.’s therapist, stated it was not unusual for children to recant
statements when they realize the consequences of what they have said.
Before she lived with the Tanners, A.T.’s statements to others about appellant’s acts of
abuse and the terms she used were consistent. A child victim’s outcry statement alone can be
sufficient to sustain a conviction for aggravated sexual assault. See Kimberlin v. State, 877
S.W.2d 828, 831 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1994, pet. ref’d). There is no requirement that the
outcry testimony be corroborated or substantiated by the victim or independent evidence. Id. at
832. Even though corroboration is not required, A.T.’s allegation that appellant put his finger in
her anus was confirmed by appellant, as was her statement his friend took naked pictures of her.
Appellant suggests that some of the acts A.T. told others he committed were “factually
impossible” and “cast doubt” on other things she said. Appellant is essentially challenging
A.T.’s credibility. This Court may not re-evaluate the weight and credibility of the record
evidence and thereby substitute our judgment for that of the jury in this case. See Williams v.
State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). After reviewing the evidence under the
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applicable standard of review, we conclude the evidence is sufficient to sustain appellant’s
conviction. We resolve appellant’s second issue against him.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/David Evans/
DAVID EVANS
Do Not Publish JUSTICE
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1
150787F.U05
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Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
ROY LEE TANNER, Appellant On Appeal from the 204th Judicial District
Court, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-15-00787-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F-1476344-Q.
Opinion delivered by Justice Evans. Justices
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Bridges and O'Neill participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 20th day of June, 2016.
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