J-A11005-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN RE: MARY KOCIS, AN INCAPACITATED IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PERSON, PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
APPEAL OF: EVELYN KOCIS AND
ELIZABETH KOCIS
No. 2744 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Order Entered August 3, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County
Orphans’ Court at No(s): 2012-0258
BEFORE: SHOGAN, MUNDY, and FITZGERALD,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED JUNE 29, 2016
Appellants, Evelyn Kocis and Elizabeth Kocis (collectively “the
Sisters”), appeal from the order entered on August 3, 2015, in the Lehigh
County Court of Common Pleas. We affirm.
The relevant facts of this case were set forth by the orphans’ court as
follows:
Mary Kocis (“Mary”) was adjudicated incapacitated
pursuant to 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5511 in July, 2012, at the age of 78
years. Her sisters, Evelyn Kocis and Elizabeth Kocis, (“the
[S]isters”) appeal from the court’s order dated July 31, 2015,
and filed of record on August 3, 2015, which denied their
exceptions to three separate orders dated April 15, 2015, all of
which granted different portions of a petition to access or
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*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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partition joint funds for the payment of Mary’s care, and an
order dated April 20, 2015, which found Elizabeth Kocis in
contempt and imposed sanctions therefor.
* * *
At the time the §5511 petition was filed, on February 15,
2012, the residential care facility in which Mary had resided since
April 30, 2011, had not received consistent payment for its
residential services to Mary since her admission. Its outstanding
bill at that time was in excess of $50,000.00.
The hearing on the §5511 petition was continued from
April 2, to May 14, 2012, at the [S]isters’ request to allow them
sufficient time to retain legal counsel. They had resided in the
community with Mary prior to Mary’s admission to her residential
care facility. No counsel entered an appearance prior to the
scheduled §5511 hearing, and the [S]isters filed a written
answer, by fax, to the Clerk of the Orphans’ Court on May 11,
2012, which contained no indication they were represented by
counsel. Nevertheless, on May 12, 2012, Jeffrey Gilbert, Esquire
appeared on their behalf and requested the §5511 hearing be
continued so that the [S]isters could arrange for an independent
medical examination (“IME”) of Mary. That request was granted
by order dated, May 25, 2012, and the §5511 hearing was
continued to June 25, 2012. Elizabeth Kocis was appointed
Emergency Guardian of the Person authorized to arrange for an
IME of Mary and was directed to make herself available to the
nursing home and cooperate with the Emergency Guardian of
the Estate, Laurie Schnaufer, “...including but not limited to
providing such financial information or access to the assets of
Mary Kocis as the Emergency Guardian of the Estate may
request.”
By letter report filed on June 25, 2012, the Emergency
Guardian of the Estate represented that, despite the language
contained in the May 25, 201[2], Order, Elizabeth Kocis was not
reachable by the facility to make a medical decision on Mary’s
behalf on at least one occasion. It also represented the [S]isters’
finances were enmeshed with Mary’s finances and they were
unable/unwilling to provide the information and records that
would enable the Emergency Guardian of the Estate to attempt
to determine Mary’s ownership interest in jointly owned property
so as to qualify her for Medical Assistance benefits to which she
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was likely entitled. Based upon this report and the testimony at
the June 25 hearing, at which the [S]isters were represented by
Attorney Gilbert and did not offer testimony regarding an IME of
Mary, Mary was found to be incapacitated and in need of plenary
guardianship services. Elizabeth was appointed Plenary Guardian
of Mary’s person but not of her estate. Rather, Steven A. Litz,
Esquire, an experienced attorney who serves as guardian of the
estate of several other wards of the court, was appointed
Guardian of Mary’s estate.
The Final Decree, dated July 2, 201[2], contained the
following express direction to Elizabeth as Guardian of the
Person:
...the Guardian of the Person is directed to cooperate
in all respects with the Guardian of the Estate and
with all providers of residential and medical services
to Mary Kocis. The Guardian of the Person shall
promptly provide all documentation, records, and
information as shall be requested by the Guardian of
the Estate, and shall complete a Guardian’s
Information Sheet and file it...within 5 business days
of service of this Decree. The Guardian of the Person
shall be available to be contacted at all times by the
providers of health and residential services to Mary
Kocis.
Attorney Gilbert withdrew his appearance on behalf of the
[S]isters by praecipe filed on August 3, 2012.
Since his appointment as Guardian of the Estate, Attorney
Litz has spent much time and effort attempting to qualify Mary
for medical assistance. He promptly marshalled and utilized
Mary’s solely owned assets for her care and maintenance.
However, the bulk of Mary’s estate is comprised of her
ownership interest in bank accounts and savings bonds owned
jointly with the [S]isters. Until Mary’s ownership interest in that
jointly owned property is determined, Mary has no assets with
which to pay for her care, and cannot qualify for Medical
Assistance (“M.A.”) benefits to which she is entitled. This has not
yet been accomplished because [] the [S]isters have been
unwilling to provide all of the records/information about property
jointly held by the [S]isters and Mary.
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Because of the lack of cooperation from the [S]isters, the
M.A. application filed by the Guardian of the Estate was denied
for want of explanation about Mary’s jointly owned assets.
Attorney Litz was compelled to file an appeal from the denial of
M.A. benefits. In April, 2014, the Lehigh County Assistance
Office, (“LCAO”) issued a list delineating the information that it
required to reconsider its denial of M.A. benefits. Though Evelyn
did participate with Attorney Litz in reaching an agreement
whereby the LCAO extended the deadline to October 27, 2014
for submission of the necessary documentation to LCAO, the
[S]isters did not supply the delineated items to the Guardian of
the Estate. On September 26, 2014, Attorney Litz filed a report
that set forth the steps he had taken to supply the necessary
information to LCAO and the lack, of cooperation/compliance
from the [S]isters. Based upon that report, an Order dated
September 29, 2014, was entered that directed the [S]isters
provide the information and documentation required by the
LCAO to Attorney Litz within 20 days. The September 29, 2014,
Order contained the following language in bold print: “failure to
comply with this direction may result in the imposition of
sanctions.” The [S]isters did not appeal or file exceptions to the
September 29, 2014, Order; neither did they comply with it.
The Guardian of the Estate nevertheless allowed the
[S]isters an additional four months to provide the necessary
information/documentation; even meeting personally with
Elizabeth and speaking on the telephone with Evelyn in early
February 2015. These additional efforts and courtesies proved
fruitless as is set forth in the Guardian of the Estate’s second
report filed on February 18, 2015. On February 25, 2015, the
residential care facility, whose unpaid bill for services rendered
then exceeded $300,000, filed a partition petition. A rule to show
cause was issued on March 2, 2015, that clearly and
unambiguously informed the [S]isters of the relief requested and
the consequence of failing to file a written answer or other
responsive pleading by a date certain:
IT IS ORDERED, pursuant to Leh. O.C. Rule
3.5-1(d), that a Rule be, and hereby is, issued upon:
Elizabeth Kocis, individually and as Guardian of
the Person of Mary Kocis, and;
Evelyn Kocis; and,
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Steven A. Li[t]z, Esquire, Guardian of the
Estate of Mary Kocis, to show cause, if any
there be why:
1. All accounts/assets /investments titled in the joint
names of Mary Kocis and/or Elizabeth Kocis and/or
Evelyn Kocis as of November 1, 2014, should not be
partitioned into as many shares as there are named
joint owners and the fractional share of Mary Kocis
be accessed and utilized by Steven A. Litz, Esquire,
Guardian of the Estate of Mary Kocis to pay for the
care and maintenance of his ward1 and,
1
The current unpaid balance for
residential services provided to Mary
Kocis at Phoebe Home is reported to be
in excess of $300,000.00.
2. Elizabeth Kocis should not be removed as
Guardian of the Person of Mary Kocis for her
failure/refusal to cooperate with and provide
necessary documentation to the Guardian of the
Estate as requested by him and as directed by Order
of this Court, and her failure to file annual reports as
directed by Decree dated, July 2, 2012; and,
3. Elizabeth Kocis and Evelyn Kocis should not be
found in contempt of this Court’s Order dated,
September 29, 2014 and be subject to the
immediate imposition of sanctions, including but not
limited to:
a. Payment of legal and guardianship
fees incurred by the Guardian of the
Estate and by the residential care
provider in connection with their efforts
to determine Mary Kocis’ interest in
jointly owned assets and to obtain access
thereto to pay for the cost of the care
and maintenance provided to Mary Kocis
since April 30, 2011; and/or
b. Payment of a daily fine in an amount
not less than $50/day; and/or,
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c. Incarceration in Lehigh County Prison.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT:
ANY OF THE ABOVE-NAMED
PERSONS WHO IS OPPOSED TO THE
GRANTING OF THE PETITION FOR RULE TO
SHOW CAUSE, AND TO THE GRANTING OF THE
RELIEF AND IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS AS
SET FORTH ABOVE AT NUMBERS 1-4 OF THIS
RULE RETURNABLE, MUST FILE A WRITTEN
ANSWER OR OTHER RESPONSIVE PLEADING
WITH THE CLERK OF THE ORPHANS’ COURT
DIVISION OF LEHIGH COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA, LEHIGH COUNTY
COURTHOUSE, 455 WEST HAMILTON STREET,
ALLENTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, ON OR BEFORE
APRIL 1, 2015.
FAILURE TO TIMELY FILE A
WRITTEN ANSWER OR OTHER RESPONSIVE
PLEADING WILL OPERATE AS AN ADMISSION
OF ALL AVERMENTS IN THE PETITION FOR
RULE TO SHOW CAUSE AND MAY RESULT IN
THE ENTRY OF AN ORDER GRANTING SAID
PETITION AND DIRECTING THE RELIEF
AND/OR/IMPOSING SOME OR ALL OF THE
SANCTIONS SET FORTH AT NUMBERS 1-4 OF
THIS RULE TO SHOW CAUSE, WITHOUT
FURTHER NOTICE.
The [S]isters did not timely file an answer or other
responsive pleading to the rule. On Friday, March 27, 2015,
Evelyn faxed a letter to the Clerk of the Orphans’ Court that
requested an extension of the April 1, 2015, deadline. Because
she had not served counsel for petitioner with a copy, the Clerk
did so. Her request for an extension of time to reply to the rule,
that had been issued on March 2, 2015, was opposed. By order
issued on March 31, 2015, Evelyn was given until April 16,
2015,2 to respond to the issue of her contempt and imposition of
sanctions therefor. The request to extend the April 1, 2015
deadline regarding all other issues was denied. Since no
responsive pleadings were filed by April 1, 2015, the averments
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in the partition petition were deemed admitted pursuant to Leh.
O.C. Rule 3.5-1(d). Accordingly, three separate orders were
issued on April 15, 2015. The first removed Elizabeth as
Guardian of the Person; the second found that Mary had a 50%
ownership interest in all accounts titled in her name and the
name of one of her sisters, and directed the financial institutions
to distribute one-half of the balance of such joint accounts to the
Guardian of the Estate; and the third found that certain US
Series E Bonds in Mary’s name and social security number, that
also had the name of one of her sisters, were owned 100% by
Mary Kocis and directed the [S]isters to deliver them to the
Guardian of the Estate within 15 days of the Order. Thereafter,
by order dated April 20, 2015, Elizabeth was found in contempt
of the September 29, 2015, order, and, as a sanction, directed
she pay one-half of the legal fees of petitioner and one-half of
the guardianship fees of the Guardian of the Estate attributable
to his efforts to obtain necessary financial information. Though
Evelyn did not file an answer to the contempt/sanction issue by
the extended deadline of April 20, 2015, no Order was entered
on that issue in light of the Exceptions filed on May 5, 2015 to all
4 of the April, 2015 Orders.
2
Subsequently verbally extended to April 20, 2015.
Each of the four April, 2015, orders resulted from the
consistent refusal of the [S]isters to provide information
necessary to qualify Mary for the public benefit to which she is
entitled. They did not cooperate with the Guardian of the Estate,
the LCAO or the residential care facility that has been providing
care to Mary for more than 4 years. For most of this
guardianship administration they chose not to be represented by
counsel, and have ignored filing deadlines and direct orders of
this Court. That they are elderly and professedly unaware of the
legal consequences of their decision to handle this matter as
they see fit, does not make them immune from those
consequences. Had they properly appealed the September 29,
2014, order, or properly and timely answered the partition
petition, or filed a petition for review hearing if they believed
Attorney Litz was not properly discharging his duties as Guardian
of the Estate, a hearing would have been appropriate. They did
none of those things, and argue instead there is no basis for the
court’s orders that:
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determined the ownership interests in the
jointly owned property;
directed them to turn over to Mary’s duly
appointed Guardian of the Estate the assets
determined to be owned by Mary; and,
removed Elizabeth from the fiduciary position
of guardian of the person,
because the Court failed to conduct a hearing. There was no
hearing because the [S]isters, in effect, had admitted all the
averments in the partition petition. The removal of Elizabeth as
Guardian of the Person was based upon her failure to file any
annual reports, or to follow any of the orders of the court that
directed her to cooperate with the Guardian of the Estate and
provide records/information necessary to access the public
benefit to which Mary Kocis is entitled.
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 10/28/15, at 1-7 (emphases in original). The
orphans’ court entered an order denying the Sisters’ exceptions and
directing that the four April 2015 orders remained in effect. Order, 8/3/15.
This appeal followed.
On appeal, the Sisters raise the following issues:
A. The record created before the Orphans’ Court did not support
the Orphans’ Court’s 50% / 50% division of the joint accounts of
Mary, Elizabeth, and Evelyn Kocis.
B. The record did not support the Orphans’ Court’s finding that
Mary Kocis owned 100% of the U.S. Series I savings bonds
jointly titled in her name and the name of Elizabeth or Evelyn
Kocis.
C. The record did not support the Orphans’ Court’s finding that
Elizabeth Kocis was in contempt of its Order of September 29,
2014.
D. The record did not support the Orphans’ Court’s decision to
remove Elizabeth as the guardian of Mary Kocis’ person.
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The Sisters’ Brief at 5. We shall address these issues in the order in which
they were presented.
In their first claim of error, the Sisters argue that the orphans’ court
erred in dividing joint accounts. The ownership of joint accounts is defined
under 20 Pa.C.S. § 6303(a). Thus, because this question concerns the
application of a statute, we are presented with a question of law; our
standard of review is de novo and the appellate scope of review is plenary.
Ramalingam v. Keller Williams Realty Group, 121 A.3d 1034, 1042 (Pa.
Super. 2015) (citations omitted).
The relevant statute provides as follows:
(a) Joint account.--A joint account belongs, during the lifetime
of all parties, to the parties in proportion to the net contributions
by each to the sum on deposit, unless there is clear and
convincing evidence of a different intent.
20 Pa.C.S. § 6303(a).
The Sisters argue that “there is no evidence in the record probative of
the proportion of the net contributions of Mary, Elizabeth, and Evelyn to the
joint accounts.” The Sisters’ Brief at 16. The Sisters aver that this lack of
evidence prohibited the orphans’ court from making any findings and
apportioning the ownership interests in the joint accounts. Id. at 16-17.
We disagree.
The Comment to 20 Pa.C.S. § 6303 is instructive on this issue:
The section contains no provision dealing with division of the
account when the parties fail to prove net contributions. The
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omission is deliberate. Probably, a court would divide the
account equally among the parties to the extent that net
contributions cannot be proven; but a statutory section
explicitly embodying the rule might undesirably narrow the
possibility of proof of partial contributions and might suggest
that gift tax consequences applicable to creation of a joint
tenancy should attach to a joint account. The theory of these
sections is that the basic relationship of the parties is that of
individual ownership of values attributable to their respective
deposits and withdrawals; the right of survivorship which
attaches unless negated by the form of the account really is a
right to the values theretofore owned by another which the
survivor receives for the first time at the death of the owner.
That is to say, the account operates as a valid disposition at
death rather than as a present joint tenancy.
20 Pa.C.S. § 6303 (cmt.) (emphasis added).
The inability to determine individual contributions was due to the
Sisters’ refusal to comply with the orphans’ court’s directives. Accordingly,
as contemplated by the comment to section 6303, the orphans’ court divided
the accounts equally. We discern no error of law, and the Sisters are
entitled to no relief on this issue.
Next, the Sisters claim that the orphans’ court committed an error of
law when it found that Mary owned 100% of the U.S. Series I savings bonds
that were jointly titled in Mary’s name and the name of either Elizabeth or
Evelyn Kocis, contrary to 31 C.F.R. § 360.20(b). The Sisters’ Brief at 19.
We disagree.
Similar to our discussion in the first issue, we are again faced with the
application of codified law, here the Code of Federal Regulations (“C.F.R”).
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Thus, our standard of review is de novo, and our scope of review is plenary.
Ramalingam, 121 A.3d at 1042.
The code section that the Sisters claim is controlling provides as
follows:
(b) The Department of the Treasury will recognize a claim
against an owner of a savings bond and conflicting claims of
ownership of, or interest in, a bond between coowners or
between the registered owner and the beneficiary, if
established by valid, judicial proceedings specifically listed
in this subpart. Escheat proceedings will not be recognized under
this subpart. Section 353.23 specifies evidence required to
establish the validity of judicial proceedings. Treasury may
require any other evidence to establish the validity of judicial
proceedings, such as evidence that the proceeding provided due
process, complied with this part, and complied with relevant
state law.
31 C.F.R. § 360.20(b) (emphasis added).
However, we point out that because Mary and the Sisters are living,
any one of the parties named as owner or co-owner of the bonds had the
authority to surrender and retain payment on the Series I bonds:
A savings bond registered in coownership form will be paid to
either coowner upon surrender with an appropriate request, and
upon payment (as determined in § 360.43), the other coowner
will cease to have any interest in the bond.
31 C.F.R. § 360.37. Moreover, on each of these bonds, Mary was the owner
and her sisters were relegated to the status of first co-owners because the
bonds were registered under Mary’s Social Security number. 31 C.F.R. §
360.2(k).
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We conclude that, contrary to the Sisters’ avement, the United States
Treasury would recognize and accept the orphans’ court’s order as being
from a valid judicial proceeding under 31 C.F.R. § 360.20(b). However, we
need not reach the validity of the underlying judicial proceedings because we
are not analyzing conflicting claims of ownership. Mary was the owner of the
bonds. 31 C.F.R. § 360.37. Accordingly, Mary was entitled to obtain the full
surrender value of the Series I bonds on which she was an owner pursuant
to 31 C.F.R. § 360.37. Nothing in the federal regulations provides that an
equal-shares apportionment is required when surrendering Series I bonds
where there are co-owners. Accordingly, we cannot conclude that the trial
court committed an error of law, and the Sisters’ second claim of error fails.
In their third issue, the Sisters allege that the orphans’ court erred
when it held Elizabeth in civil contempt of the September 29, 2014 order.
We conclude that this claim is meritless.
To be punished for contempt, a party must not only have
violated a court order, but that order must have been definite,
clear, and specific-leaving no doubt or uncertainty in the mind of
the contemnor of the prohibited conduct. Because the order
forming the basis for civil contempt must be strictly construed,
any ambiguities or omissions in the order must be construed in
favor of the defendant. In such cases, a contradictory order or
an order whose specific terms have not been violated will not
serve as the basis for a finding of contempt. To sustain a finding
of civil contempt, the complainant must prove certain distinct
elements: (1) that the contemnor had notice of the specific order
or decree which he is alleged to have disobeyed; (2) that the act
constituting the contemnor’s violation was volitional; and (3)
that the contemnor acted with wrongful intent. A person may not
be held in contempt of court for failing to obey an order that is
too vague or that cannot be enforced.
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When holding a person in civil contempt, the court must
undertake (1) a rule to show cause; (2) an answer and hearing;
(3) a rule absolute; (4) a hearing on the contempt citation; and
(5) an adjudication of contempt.
Fulfillment of all five factors is not mandated, however.
The essential due process requisites for a finding of civil
contempt are notice and an opportunity to be heard.
In re Contempt of Cullen, 849 A.2d 1207, 1210-1211 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(internal citation marks and quotations omitted). When reviewing an appeal
from an order of civil contempt, we will not disturb the lower court’s order
absent an abuse of discretion. Id.
The September 29, 2014 order directed Elizabeth to deliver to
Attorney Litz the information and documents required by the Department of
Public Welfare, and as noted above, clearly informed Elizabeth that failure to
comply may result in sanctions. Order, 9/29/14, at 1. Despite this warning,
Elizabeth took no action. In an order filed on April 20, 2015, the orphans’
court held her in contempt. On May 5, 2015, Elizabeth filed exceptions to
the orders, including the finding of contempt. On May 18, 2015, the
orphans’ court issued a rule to show cause as to why she should not be held
in contempt. Eight days later, Elizabeth filed her response to the rule to
show cause. In the order filed on August 3, 2015, the orphans’ court
confirmed its order holding Elizabeth in contempt.
On appeal, the Sisters argue that the orphans’ court failed to follow
the proper procedure for a finding of civil contempt and that Elizabeth had
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no intent to violate the court order. The Sisters’ Brief at 24-25. We
disagree.
First, we note that Elizabeth’s intent was established through her
numerous failures to comply even minimally with the court’s orders despite
repeated opportunities and directions to do so; i.e., she evidenced a clear
intent not to comply. With respect to the court’s failure to hold a formal
contempt hearing, we reiterate that a hearing is not required. Rather, as set
forth above, the essential due process requisites for a finding of civil
contempt are notice and an opportunity to be heard. Cullen, 849 A.2d at
1211. Here, Elizabeth had notice of the original order, the order directing
her to comply with the original order or face sanctions, and the order initially
finding her in contempt. Elizabeth’s failure to respond to the petition
resulted in the claims made in the February 24, 2015 petition being deemed
admitted.1 Moreover, the orphans’ court issued a rule to show cause as to
why she should not be held in contempt, thus providing her with the
opportunity to be heard.2 These factors result in an ample evidentiary
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1
The petition alleged, inter alia, that the Sisters should be held in contempt
as they had failed to comply with the orphans’ court’s orders, failed to
cooperate with Attorney Litz, failed to provide documents regarding Mary’s
assets, caused Mary to be denied medical assistance, and that Elizabeth
should be removed as guardian. Petition, 2/24/15.
2
See North Penn Consumer Discount Co. v. Shultz, 378 A.2d 1275,
1278 (Pa. Super. 1977) (noting that an opportunity to be heard does not
always require a hearing, and that other procedural means, such as the
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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record upon which the orphans’ court held her in contempt. While the
procedures followed in this case do not strictly follow the processes for a
finding of civil contempt, we are satisfied that the essential requirements, in
fact, were met. Cullen, 849 A.2d at 1211. Accordingly, we discern no
abuse of discretion.
Finally, the Sisters claim that there were insufficient grounds for
Elizabeth’s removal, and because the court failed to hold a hearing, her
removal constituted reversible error pursuant to In re Estate of Velott,
529 A.2d 525 (Pa. Super. 1987). The Sisters’ Brief at 27-28. We conclude
that no relief is due.
“The power of the orphans’ court to remove a guardian is an inherent
right, which will not be disturbed unless there is a gross abuse of discretion.”
In re Estate of Border, 68 A.3d 946, 959 (Pa. Super. 2013). A guardian of
the person is responsible for more than just health care decisions; she is
responsible for all of the incapacitated person’s care and custody. Id. at 956
(citing 20 Pa.C.S. § 5521).
The orphans’ court may remove the guardian of an incapacitated
person when she:
(1) is wasting or mismanaging the estate, is or is likely to
become insolvent, or has failed to perform any duty imposed by
law; or
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
ability to file a petition or respond to a rule to show cause, may satisfy this
requirement).
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(2) Deleted. 1992, April 16, P.L. 108, No. 24, § 4, effective in 60
days.
(3) has become incapacitated to discharge the duties of his office
because of sickness or physical or mental incapacity and his
incapacity is likely to continue to the injury of the estate; or
(4) has removed from the Commonwealth or has ceased to have
a known place of residence therein, without furnishing such
security or additional security as the court shall direct; or
(4.1) has been charged with voluntary manslaughter or
homicide, except homicide by vehicle, as set forth in sections
3155 (relating to persons entitled) and 3156 (relating to persons
not qualified), provided that the removal shall not occur on these
grounds if the charge has been dismissed, withdrawn or
terminated by a verdict of not guilty; or
(5) when, for any other reason, the interests of the estate are
likely to be jeopardized by his continuance in office.
20 Pa.C.S. § 3182.3 The orphans’ court on its own motion may, and on the
petition of any party in interest alleging adequate grounds for removal shall,
order the guardian to appear and show cause why she should not be
removed, or, when necessary to protect the rights of creditors or parties in
interest, may summarily remove her. 20 Pa.C.S. § 3183.
The record reveals that from the earliest stages of this matter, the
orphans’ court was aware of the numerous jointly owned assets. Decree,
7/2/12, at 1-4. However, the orphans’ court permitted Elizabeth to serve as
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3
While 20 Pa.C.S. § 3182 details the grounds for removal of a personal
representative in a decedent’s estate, it is also applicable to the removal of a
guardian of an incapacitated person. 20 Pa.C.S. § 5515.
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guardian, but it ordered her to produce documentation concerning Mary’s
jointly held assets, cooperate with Attorney Litz and promptly turn over all
necessary documentation to him, cooperate with the providers of Mary’s
medical and residential care, and file annual reports pursuant to 20 Pa.C.S.
§ 5521(c)(ii). Id. Elizabeth did not comply with these directives.
While a panel of this Court in Velott held that a failure to hold a
hearing was reversible error, we cannot conclude that the orphans’ court’s
failure to hold a hearing on Elizabeth’s removal in this matter was fatal.
Velott is distinguishable because, here, the orphans’ court had monitored
this case over the course of years and had an extensive record. Unlike
Velott, in the case at bar, the Sisters’ refusal to respond to the petition
resulted in admissions to the claims of dereliction of duties as guardian.
In other words, there was ample evidence to support Elizabeth’s removal
due to her failures, and by way of the rule to show cause and ability to file
her own responsive pleadings, Elizabeth was provided an opportunity to be
heard. Much of the Sisters’ arguments surround their desire to escape
responsibility for their years of failing to comply with the orphans’ court’s
orders. As a reviewing Court, we cannot ignore the ramifications of the
Sisters’ disregard for their responsibilities because their actions and inactions
jeopardized Mary’s welfare. The orphans’ court did not abuse its discretion
in removing Elizabeth as the guardian of Mary’s person in light of the fact
that she failed to cooperate with Attorney Litz, failed to comply with court’s
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orders, and engaged in a continued course of conduct that jeopardized
Mary’s well-being. 20 Pa.C.S. § 3182(5).
For the reasons set for the above, we conclude that the Sisters’ are
entitled to no relief. Accordingly, the August 3, 2015 order is affirmed.
Order affirmed.
Judge Mundy joins this Memorandum.
Justice Fitzgerald Concurs in the Result.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/29/2016
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