April 12, 1923. The opinion of the Court was delivered by Appeal by the plaintiff from an order of Hon. John S. Wilson, Circuit Judge, dissolving an attachment upon the ground that the moving papers did not contain an allegation of facts and circumstances from which the alleged fraudulent intention on the part of the defendant could reasonably be inferred.
The attachment was issued upon the verified complaint, which was permissible under Ferst v. Powers, 58 S.C. 398;36 S.E., 744. The allegations of the complaint relied upon to sustain the attachment are: (1) That the defendant is about to remove certain cross-ties from the County of Clarendon with intent to defraud the plaintiff; (2) that the defendant is about to assign, dispose of, or secrete said cross-ties with like intent.
The first ground is clearly insufficient under the case of Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company v.Wilkins, 105 S.C. 291; 89 S.E., 659. In that case the attachment was secured upon the ground that the defendanthad shipped (not simply that he was about to ship, as in the case at bar) three carloads of lumber, and was about to ship the balance thereof out of the State, "with intent to defraud his creditors." In sustaining the order of the Circuit Judge dissolving the attachment the Court said:
"The burden was upon the plaintiff, not simply to show the shipment, but to prove by testimony facts and circumstances from which a fraudulent intent is reasonably inferable. The bare allegation of the wicked intent will not support the process of attachment; the intent must be proved by testimony." *Page 66
The second ground is equally insufficient. The allegation is simply that the defendant is about to assign, dispose of, or secrete his property with intent to defraud the plaintiff. Assuming that the allegation of assigning, disposing of, or secreting is sufficient as the positive allegation of a fact, that alone is not sufficient; such act or acts, as conceded by the pleader, must be accompanied by the fraudulent intent, and that can only be established by supporting facts and circumstances, which must be alleged.
In Cook v. Cook, 107 S.C. 441; 93 S.E., 138, opinion by Mr. Justice Watts, the affidavit alleged that the defendant fails and refuses to pay the debt, and is about to sell and dispose of his crop subject to the lien and defeat the same. The Court says:
"The plaintiff does not state any facts whereby the intent of the defendant can be inferred."
The order of the Circuit Court dissolving the attachment was sustained.
In Smith v. Walker, 6 S.C. 169, it was held that charges of disposition of property with intent to defraud creditors "should be supported by a statement of the facts on which they are founded."
In Brown v. Morris, 10 S.C. 467, the Court cites Smithv. Walker, 6 S.C. 164, with approval, and holds that the affidavit, which attempted to comply with the rule in Smithv. Walker, was insufficient as not reasonably sustaining the charge.
In Myers v. Whiteheart, 24 S.C. 196, the Court held:
"The allegation that a person has done a certain act with a fraudulent intent must necessarily be based upon information or belief, and, therefore, in such a case the rule is well settled that the sources of information, or the facts upon which such belief are [is?] founded, must be stated" — citing Smith v. Walker, 6 S.C. 169; Brown v. Morris, *Page 67 10 S.C. 469; Claussen v. Fultz, 13 S.C. 478; Ivy v. Caston,21 S.C. 583.
In Roddey v. Erwin, 31 S.C. 36; 9 S.E., 729, the Court says:
"Fraudulent intent is not a physical entity which can be seen and felt, but a condition of the mind beyond the reach of the senses, usually kept secret, not very likely to be confessed, and, therefore, can only be proved by unguarded expressions, conduct and circumstances generally."
The Court proceeds to quote and apply the rule laid down in Myers v. Whiteheart, 24 S.C. 196, which has been quoted above.
In Wando Company v. Rosenberg, 31 S.C. 307;9 S.E., 970, the Court says:
"Now in the action below the attachment was moved on the ground that the defendant had disposed of, or had secreted, his property, with intent to defraud his creditors, or was about to dispose of or secrete said property with said intent. These are some of the conditions found in the attachment act, and, if the affidavits submitted contain an averment of facts which would prima facie sustain these charges, * * * then the warrant was properly issued; otherwise it was irregularly issued, and should have been discharged."
See, also, Sharp v. Palmer, 31 S.C. 444; 10 S.E., 98.
In Davis v. Cardue, 38 S.C. 471; 17 S.E., 247, the Court says:
"Nor do we think that any fact is stated which would bring the case within the provisions of Subdivision 4 of Section 200 [279] of the Code. To do this, it is necessary that some fact should be stated tending to show that the defendant has either removed or disposed of his property, or is about to do so, with intent to defraud his creditors."
The case of Copeland Company v. Brown, 103 S.C. 177;87 S.E., 1002, is not at all in conflict with the foregoing *Page 68 conclusions. In that case there was a positive affirmation in the affidavit that the defendant was a resident of another State, a matter of fact, not depending at all upon inferences to be drawn from other facts.
The judgment of this Court is that the judgment of the Circuit Court be affirmed.
MESSRS. JUSTICES FRASER and MARION concur.