FILED
JULY 7, 2016
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
DEBORAH BURKSFIELD, a single )
individual; LSL PROPERTIES, LLC, a ) No. 33037-1-111
Washington Limited Liability company, )
)
Appellants, )
)
V. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
LARRY SALi and GAYLE SALi, )
husband and wife; STEVEN SALi and )
DELETA SALi, husband and wife; )
COLUMBIA READY-MIX, INC., A )
Washington Corporation; COLUMBIA )
ASPHALT & GRAVEL, INC., a )
Washington corporation; JOHN )
ROTHENBUELLER, an individual; )
ALEGRIA & COMPANY, P.S., a )
Washington professional service )
corporation, )
)
Respondents. )
FEARING, C.J. - Deborah Burksfield and LSL Properties, LLC, a company
partially owned by Burksfield, successfully sued Burksfield's brothers and a company
owned by the brothers, Columbia Ready-Mix, Inc., for royalties owed under a gravel pit
lease. Burksfield and LSL appeal the trial court's denial of prejudgment interest on the
No. 33037-1-111
Burksfield v. Safi
jury award. Burksfield also appeals the trial court's award of costs against her in favor of
a related company, Columbia Asphalt & Gravel. The defendants appeal the trial court's
grant of reasonable attorney fees and costs to Burksfield for bringing a limited liability
company derivative action. We affirm all trial court rulings.
FACTS
Plaintiff Deborah Burksfield, defendant Larry Sali, defendant Steven Sali, and
nonparty Leonard Sali are siblings. Larry and Steven are the sole shareholders of
defendants Columbia Ready-Mix, Inc. (CRM) and Columbia Asphalt & Gravel, Inc.
(CAG).
On June 17, 1998, Larry, Steven, and Leonard Sali formed plaintiffLSL
Properties, LLC (LSL) with each owning one third. The limited liability company's
operating agreement included a paragraph requiring the company to "indemnify and hold
harmless the Member(s), and each director, officer, partner, employee, or agent thereof,
against any liability, loss, damage, cost, or expense incurred by them on behalf of the
Company or in furtherance of the Company's interests, without relieving any such person
of liability for fraud, misconduct, bad faith, or gross negligence." Clerk's Papers (CP) at
156. In December 1999 and January 2000, Deborah Burksfield acquired an eighteen
percent interest in LSL with the three brothers thereafter splitting the other 82 percent
ownership.
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LSL owns two gravel quarries, the AK Anderson Quarry and the Resthaven
Quarry. On April 1, 2006, LSL agreed to lease the AK Anderson Quarry to CRM. In
tum, CRM agreed
[T]o pay [LSL] rent as full and complete payment for all materials
removed by [CRM] from said land and for the use of said property while
such material is being removed therefrom, sixty cents ($0.60) per ton.
Material shall be weighed on scales on the leased property and weight
tickets shall be issued for each load removed .... IfLSL properties LLC,
conducts a physical survey of the volume of material removed from the
site, the volume of material determined by the physical survey shall prevail.
CP at 2873. The agreement did not specify a conversion rate to convert the volume
measurement obtained by a survey into a weight measurement used for determining cost.
The lease also provided:
RECORD KEEPING
8.1 [CRM] agrees to keep accurate records of all material removed
from the demised premises and monthly shall furnish [LSL] with copies of
said records. The records kept and provided to [LSL] shall include weight
tickets for all material removed during the prior month.
CP at 2874-75.
On January 1, 2007, Larry and Steven Sali purchased Leonard Sali' s interest in
LSL. On January 18, 2011, CRM exercised the option to renew the lease with LSL. In
tum, Larry and Steven Sali agreed, on behalf ofLSL and over Deborah Burksfield's
objection, to renew the lease with no increase in price.
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PROCEDURE
On April 12, 2011, Deborah Burksfield, individually and on behalf of LSL, sued
Larry and Steve Sali for breach of the LSL operating agreement and breach of the lease.
We refer to the plaintiffs collectively as Deborah Burksfield. Burksfield also sued CRM,
Larry Sali, and Steven Sali for breach of fiduciary duty. She sued CRM, CAG, Larry,
and Steven for declaratory relief to render the renewed lease void. Burksfield also
alleged various defendants understated the quantity of rock removed from LSL' s quarry.
We refer to defendants, other than CAG, collectively as CRM. Deborah Burksfield
verified the complaint.
At trial, Deborah Burksfield used topographical land surveys to show the amount
of material CRM removed from the AK Anderson quarry. Bruce Moorer, an expert in
forensic accounting with experience in the trucking industry, testified on her behalf.
Moorer testified that, based on the surveys, 741,847 cubic yards of material was extracted
from the AK Anderson Quarry between 2003 and 2008, and 207,400 cubic yards from
2008 through 2011, and 91, 169 cubic yards after 2011. He also testified that he
converted from cubic yards to tons using a conversion rate of 2.45. From the total
amount of extracted material, he reduced the amount of material extracted but not
removed, the amount for which CRM paid, and the amount extracted outside the statute
of limitations. According to Moorer, CRM failed to pay for 857,582 tons. At $.60 per
ton, the total underpayment was $535,674.
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CRM expert, John Rothenbueller, testified that LSL received payment for 35,992
tons of gravel more than CRM extracted from the Anderson quarry. Therefore, according
to Rothenbueller, CRM overpaid $21,595.
At the close of Deborah Burksfield's case, CAG moved to dismiss the claims
against it because Burksfield did not present any evidence supporting a claim against
CAG. The trial court granted the motion and also granted CAG's posttrial request for
costs under RCW 4.84.185. The court awarded CAG $39,000 in costs. The judgment
denied any award for attorney fees, but the $39,000 award necessarily included some
attorney fees incurred by CAG in defending the suit.
The jury found that CRM and the brothers breached the lease agreement and their
fiduciary duties and awarded $535,674.62 to Deborah Burksfield and LSL. The trial
court denied Burksfield's request for prejudgment interest. The court ruled that the
amount owed was not liquidated because "the amount of rock that was taken and the
value thereof was a moving target throughout this litigation and throughout the trial."
Report of Proceedings (Dec. 5, 2014) at 54. The trial court awarded LSL and Burksfield
$129,945.00 in attorney fees pursuant to paragraph 3.2 of the parties' LLC contract,
RCW 4.84.330, and laws and standards for recovery of attorney's fees when derivative
actions benefit the company and create a common fund.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
On appeal, Deborah Burksfield argues that the trial court erred in failing to award
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her prejudgment interest. She also contends that the trial court erred in awarding CAG
reasonable attorney fees and costs against her. CRM appeals the ruling granting Deborah
Burksfield fees.
Prejudgment Interest
Deborah Burksfield contends that the trial court erred by not awarding
prejudgment interest because CRM owed a liquidated sum and CRM should not benefit
from its spoliation of records. CRM argues that the trial court correctly denied
prejudgment interest because the calculation of the amount owed required use of surveys,
expert testimony, and discretion. The law supports CRM's position.
Appellate courts review a trial court's decision whether to award prejudgment
interest on an abuse of discretion standard. Scoccolo Cons tr., Inc. v. City ofRenton, 15 8
Wn.2d 506,519, 145 P.3d 371 (2006). A trial court abuses its discretion when its
decision is manifestly unreasonable, or exercised on untenable grounds. Mayer v. Sto
Indus., Inc., 156 Wn.2d 677, 684, 132 P.3d 115 (2006). A decision is manifestly
unreasonable if the court adopts a view that no reasonable person would take. State v.
Rohrich, 149 Wn.2d 647, 654, 71 P.3d 638 (2003). A decision is exercised on untenable
grounds if the trial court relies on unsupported facts or applies the wrong legal standard.
Mayer, 156 Wn.2d at 684.
Prejudgment interest is allowable (-1) when an amount claimed is liquidated or (2)
when the amount of an unliquidated claim is for an amount due on a specific contract for
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the payment of money and the amount due is determinable by computation with reference
to a fixed standard contained in the contract, without reliance on opinion or discretion.
Dep 't of Corr. v. Fluor Daniel, Inc., 160 Wn.2d 786, 789, 161 P.3d 372 (2007); Prier v.
Refrigeration Eng'gCo., 74 Wn.2d 25, 32,442 P.2d 621 (1968). Deborah Burksfield
claims the amount awarded by the jury was liquidated because the lease specified that a
land survey controlled upon a discrepancy in the amount of material removed from the
quarry. Nevertheless, the jury necessarily relied on the opinions of experts in awarding
the sum. CRM' s expert testified to a different sum owed than the sum formulated by
Burksfield's expert, Bruce Moorer. Moorer's use of 2.45 for the cubic yard to ton
conversion factor was discretionary. The trial court correctly noted that the sum owed
was a moving amount throughout trial.
Deborah Burksfield argues that the court should not reward CRM for destruction
of records and its failure to maintain weight tickets as required by the lease agreement.
Nevertheless, neither the jury nor the trial court found spoliation. Burksfield presents no
authority that spoliation of records by one party entitles another party to prejudgment
interest.
We conclude the amount owed to respondents was uncertain and unliquidated.
Thus the trial court properly denied the request for prejudgment interest.
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Attorney Fees and Costs
Deborah Burksfield contends the trial court erred in characterizing her suit against
CAG as frivolous and thereby awarding CAG $39,000 in costs. CAG replies that the trial
court properly awarded fees under RCW 4.84.185 because Burksfield never factually or
legally supported her claim against it. We agree with CAG.
RCW 4.84.185 declares:
In any civil action, the court having jurisdiction may, upon written
findings by the judge that the action, counterclaim, cross-claim, third party
claim, or defense was frivolous and advanced without reasonable cause,
require the nonprevailing party to pay the prevailing party the reasonable
expenses, including fees of attorneys, incurred in opposing such action,
counterclaim, cross-claim, third party claim, or defense.
We review a trial court's award under RCW 4. 84 .185 for an abuse of discretion. Dave
Johnson Ins., Inc. v. Wright, 167 Wn. App. 758,786,275 P.3d 339 (2012).
Deborah Burksfield contends that CAG and CRM were operated interchangeably
by the Sali brothers. Burksfield, however, presented no trial testimony to support this
contention. CAG was only a party to the suit because it was a closely held company of
the Sali brothers, but not because it owed LSL any contractual or fiduciary duties.
Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding costs.
When CAG moved the court for an award of costs, Deborah Burksfield filed a
declaration supporting her argument that CAG and CRM operated interchangeably and
CAG may have sold some of the gravel from the Anderson quarry. The trial court
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determines the frivolity of a lawsuit, however, on evidence presented at trial, not
evidence the opposing party fails to submit until the time of the motion for costs and fees.
Burksfield cites no law to the contrary.
Deborah Burksfield also argues the trial court failed to enter the findings required
by RCW 4.84.185. In the judgment awarding fees, however, the court found "the claims
advanced against Defendant CAG were frivolous and advanced without reasonable
cause." CP at 2246. This finding is sufficient under RCW 4.84.185.
Derivative Claim
CRM argues that the trial court erred in failing to dismiss the derivative claims
brought by Deborah Burksfield on behalf ofLSL. Thus, CRM asks this court to vacate
the trial court's award of attorney fees under RCW 25.15.385. Burksfield argues that she
met the requirements for a shareholder derivative claim. We conclude that Burksfield
properly brought a derivative claim on behalf of LSL.
Under former RCW 25.15.370:
A member may bring an action in the superior courts in the right of a
limited liability company to recover a judgment in its favor if managers or
members with authority to do so have refused to bring the action or if an
effort to cause those managers or members to bring the action is not likely
to succeed.
Contrary to CRM's assertions, Deborah Burksfield presented evidence at trial that
she was an LSL shareholder and that she attempted to resolve the underpayment
issue by approaching Larry Sali, as owner of LSL, before filing suit. Also,
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considering Burksfield's response to the suit, the trial court could have reasonably
determined that any effort to ask the Sali brothers to pursue claims that LSL held
against themselves and CRM would have been futile. Thus, the trial court
correctly ruled that Burksfield's claims fall within the derivative claim statute.
CRM notes that Deborah Burksfield did not testify at trial. Nevertheless,
Larry Sali testified that Deborah Burksfield was an owner of LSL and that she
tried to resolve the dispute before filing suit. CRM cites no case that requires the
needed testimony to come from the partial company owner herself.
CRM also contends that Deborah Burksfield failed to verify her complaint
and verification is necessary to forward a derivative action claim. The assertion is
factually false.
Regardless of whether Deborah Burksfield complied with the statute
authorizing derivative suits, the trial court could have granted reasonable attorney
fees and costs to Deborah Burksfield and LSL on other grounds. Paragraph 3.2 of
the parties' LLC contract and RCW 4.84.330 also authorized recovery of fees and
costs.
Fees on Appeal
Deborah Burksfield requests this court award attorney fees and costs on appeal
pursuant to RCW 4.84.330 and the fee shifting provisions of paragraph 3.2 of the LSL
LLC agreement. Because Burksfield does not prevail on two of her claims, we decline to
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declare her the prevailing party, and we reject her requests for fees and costs.
CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court's denial of prejudgment interest to Deborah Burksfield
and LSL. We affirm the trial court's grant of costs to CAG and fees and costs to Deborah
Burksfield for the derivative suit. We deny Deborah Burksfield an award of fees on
appeal.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
Fearing, C.J.
WE CONCUR:
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