PD-1594-14
COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
AUSTIN, TEXAS
Transmitted 2/1/2015 8:42:31 PM
Accepted 2/5/2015 8:33:51 AM
ABEL ACOSTA
No. PD-1594-14 CLERK
IN THE
Court of Criminal Appeals
At Austin
__________
ANTONIO BRAVO,
Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
Appellee
_________
Cause number 1375810
In the 183rd Judicial District Court
Cause number 01-13-00899-CR
In the Court of Appeals for the First Judicial District
_________
Appellant’s Petition for Discretionary Review
__________
KELLY ANN SMITH
Texas Bar No. 00797867
Kelly.A.Smith.06@gmail.com
February 5, 2015 P.O. Box 10751
Houston, TX 77206
281-734-0668
Counsel for Appellant
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
The Appellant has provided a complete list of all interested parties’ names below,
under TEX. R. APP. P. 68.4.
The appellant or convicted person:
Antonio Bravo Appellant
Counsel for the appellant:
Kelly Ann Smith Counsel on appeal
PO Box 10751
Houston, Texas 77206
281-734-0668
Ray Castro Counsel at trial
12 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1100
Houston, Texas 77046
Phone: 713.940.0643
Counsel for the State:
Devon Anderson District Attorney of Harris County
Harris County Criminal Justice Center
Goran Krnaich Assistant District Attorney at trial
Jamie Felicia Harris County Criminal Justice Center
1201 Franklin, Suite 600
Houston, Texas 77002
Telephone: 713•755•5800
Trial Judge:
Hon. Leslie Yates Presiding Judge of the 183rd District Court
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Ground For Review
The court of appeals ignored its own precedent and relied upon
the indictment and the jury charge as evidence of the
complainant’s identity by holding the evidence was legally
insufficient to support the appellant’s unauthorized-use-of-a-
vehicle conviction when no evidence established the vehicle
operated by the appellant was the same vehicle reported stolen
by the complainant
Statement Regarding Oral Argument
Because this case involves important issues regarding due process the appellant
submits that oral argument would benefit this Court and pursuant to TEX. R. APP. P.
68.4 (c), requests the opportunity to present oral argument.
ii
No. PD-1594-14
IN THE
Court of Criminal Appeals
At Austin
__________
ANTONIO BRAVO,
Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
Appellee
_________
Cause number 1375810
In the 183rd Judicial District Court
Cause number 01-13-00899-CR
In the Court of Appeals for the First Judicial District
_________
Appellant’s Petition for Discretionary Review
TO THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS:
The appellant, by and through undersigned counsel, files this Petition for
Discretionary Review and urges this Court to grant discretionary review in this case
and in support demonstrates the following.
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Table of Contents
Page
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL .......................................................................... I
GROUND FOR REVIEW................................................................................................ II
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT .............................................................. II
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES.............................................................................................. V
STATEMENT OF THE CASE ...........................................................................................2
STATEMENT OF THE PROCEDURAL HISTORY ...............................................................2
GROUND FOR REVIEW .................................................................................................3
REASONS FOR REVIEW ................................................................................................3
I. Summary of the argument ................................................................................ 3
II. Facts surrounding the offense ........................................................................... 4
III. The court of appeals erred by ignoring its own precedent
and holding the evidence was sufficient and citing to the
jury charge and the indictment as evidence of the
complainant’s identity. ...................................................................................... 5
PRAYER .......................................................................................................................8
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE & SERVICE .............................................................8
iv
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
Cases
Hooper v. State,
788 S.W.2d 24 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1987, no pet.) ...................................... 4
Rules
TEX. R. APP. P. 68.4.............................................................................................................. i
v
TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS:
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
The State accused the appellant of unauthorized use of a vehicle (CR 9). The
indictment alleged that the appellant knowingly and intentionally operated an
automobile owned by Laura Merino without her consent (CR 9). The appellant pled
not guilty to the indictment’s allegations, and the case was tried before a jury and the
Honorable Leslie Yates, presiding judge of the 183rd District Court in Harris County
Texas. The jury found the appellant guilty of unauthorized use of a vehicle and then
assessed his punishment at confinement for five years in prison (CR 75, 84; 89-90).
STATEMENT OF THE PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The First Court of Appeals affirmed the appellant’s conviction in Antonio Bravo
v. The State of Texas, No. 01-13-00899-CR, (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] October
23, 2014). Neither party filed a motion for rehearing.
2
GROUND FOR REVIEW
The court of appeals ignored its own precedent and relied upon
the indictment and the jury charge as evidence of the
complainant’s identity by holding the evidence was legally
insufficient to support the appellant’s unauthorized-use-of-a-
vehicle conviction when no evidence established the vehicle
operated by the appellant was the same vehicle reported stolen
by the complainant
REASONS FOR REVIEW
I. Summary of the argument
The court of appeals erred by holding the evidence was legally insufficient to
support the appellant’s unauthorized-use-of-a-vehicle conviction when no evidence
established the vehicle operated by the appellant was the same vehicle reported stolen
by the complainant. The court of appeals misrepresented the record. In its opinion,
the court stated that the arresting officer “testified at trial that he called Merino [the
complainant] and that she confirmed she was the owner of the vehicle” Slip op. at 2.
But the arresting officer actually testified that he communicated with the maroon
Toyota’s owner and confirmed she was the maroon Toyota’s owner. But the officer
did not provide the jury with the owner’s name (RR Vol. IV at 21-2). Nor did he
testify that the appellant did not have the owner’s consent to operate the maroon
Toyota. The State failed to prove that the vehicle operated by the appellant was the
same vehicle reported stolen by the complainant, Laura Merino. The court of appeals
3
ignored this evidence and ignored its own precedent in holding the evidence was
sufficient. See Hooper v. State, 788 S.W.2d 24, 26 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1987,
no pet.).
II. Facts surrounding the offense
On January 31, 2013, Houston police officer Moises Saldana noticed a vehicle
with a malfunctioning taillight (RR Vol. IV at 9-10). Officer Saldana ran the vehicle’s
license plate through the computer and learned that someone had reported the vehicle
as stolen (RR Vol. IV at 11, 25-6). Although Officer Saldana told the jury he input
the vehicle’s license plate number into the computer, he never indicated what that
number was. Further, Officer Saldana did not indicate any other identifying
information for the vehicle other than noting it was a maroon Toyota (RR Vol. IV at
13-4).
Eventually, Officer Saldana activated his lights, the maroon Toyota stopped,
and the appellant got out (RR Vol. IV at 17-9). After a foot chase, Officer Saldana
arrested the appellant (RR Vol. IV at 20-1). Officer Saldana told the jury that he
communicated with the maroon Toyota’s owner and confirmed she was the maroon
Toyota’s owner. But Officer Saldana did not provide the jury with the owner’s name
(RR Vol. IV at 21-2). Nor did he testify that the appellant did not have the owner’s
consent to operate the maroon Toyota.
4
Laura Merino’s Toyota Camry disappeared from her apartment sometime at
night towards the end of January; but she wasn’t really sure when other than it was a
Monday (RR Vol. IV at 34, 43). Merino did not give anyone permission to drive her
car and telephoned the police to report it missing (RR Vol. IV at 35-6). Merino
didn’t know the appellant and had never seen him before (RR Vol. IV at 36, 39, 43).
Merino lost the key to her Toyota Camry a couple of days before it disappeared (RR
Vol. IV at 36-7).
A few days after her Toyota Camry disappeared, police telephoned Merino and
told her they had recovered her vehicle (RR Vol. IV at 44-45). Merino declined to
retrieve her vehicle and instructed the police to tow the Toyota Camry to an impound
lot (RR Vol. IV at 46-7). Merino’s parents retrieved her Toyota Camry from the
impound lot then sold the vehicle shortly thereafter. Merino never had anything to
do with the Toyota Camry again (RR Vol. IV at 53).
III. The court of appeals erred by ignoring its own precedent
and holding the evidence was sufficient and citing to the
jury charge and the indictment as evidence of the
complainant’s identity.
The court of appeals erred by holding the evidence is legally sufficient because
there was no evidence to link the vehicle reported stolen by the complainant, Laura
Merino, with the vehicle Officer Saldana observed the Appellant operate.
5
Other than car owner’s, Laura Merino’s general description of a Toyota Camry
stolen sometime in late January there are no other identifiers provided by the car
owner to link her vehicle with the maroon Toyota observed by the officer. The
officer failed to testify that the license plate he checked belonged to the car owner’s
vehicle and that both the license plate and vehicle belonged to Laura Merino.
Further, Laura Merino failed to particularly describe her vehicle. She merely said it
was an old Toyota Camry. This evidence was legally insufficient to link the vehicle
described by Laura Merino to the maroon Toyota Officer Saldana observed the
appellant operate.
In Hooper v. State, 788 S.W.2d 24, 26 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1987, no
pet.), the State’s evidence established only that the victim's car was a Buick Regal and
that the vehicle driven by the defendant when he was arrested was a Buick Regal. See
788 S.W.2d at 25-26. There was no evidence of either Buick Regal's identification
number. Further, the owner testified that his car was returned to him by police prior
to the date the defendant was arrested. For these reasons, the court of appeals
reversed for insufficient evidence. See id. Like Hooper, in this case, the State’s
evidence established that Laura Merino’s car was a Toyota and the appellant was
driving a Toyota when he was arrested. But in this case, the model of the Toyota that
the appellant was driving was unknown. The state’s evidence established only that the
Toyota was maroon.
6
This case was similar to Hooper, which was ignored by the court of appeals.
Here, Laura Merino identified her car by make and model: a Toyota Camry. She
testified that her car disappeared sometime in late January from outside her
apartment. She did not identity her car by license plate number, vehicle identification
number, year, color or in any other manner. Further, she did not retrieve the car
when police informed her they had recovered her car. In fact, she never saw the car
again.
Officer Saldana identified the car he observed the appellant operating as a
maroon Toyota. He further testified that he had verified through police dispatch that
the car’s owner had reported the car stolen, and he contacted the car’s owner. But
Officer Saldana did not identify the car’s owner or further identify the car. Nothing in
the record establishes the maroon Toyota driven by the appellant—even if he did not
have the owner’s consent—was the same Toyota Camry reported stolen by Laura
Merino. Thus, the State did not prove the facts alleged in the indictment.
The court of appeals erred by holding the evidence was sufficient merely
because Officer Saldana testified that he contact “ the complainant” and the
indictment and jury charge—which are not evidence and which were not read in
Officer Saldana’s presence—identified the complainant as Laura Merino.
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PRAYER
The appellant respectfully urges this Honorable Court to grant the Appellant’s
Petition for Discretionary Review.
______ /s /___________________
KELLY ANN SMITH
Texas Bar No. 00797867
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE & SERVICE
Under TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4, 9.5 & 68.11, this certifies that this document contains
2962 words and the undersigned served a copy of this petition on the State of Texas and
the State Prosecuting Attorney at the following addresses:
Devon Anderson Lisa C. McMinn
Harris County District Attorney P.O. Box 13046
1201 Franklin, Suite 600 Capitol Station
Houston, Texas 77002 Austin, Texas 78711
(512) 463-1660
______ /s /___________________
KELLY ANN SMITH
Texas Bar No. 00797867
P.O. Box 10752
Houston, TX 77206
281-734-0668
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Opinion issued October 23, 2014
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
————————————
NO. 01-13-00899-CR
———————————
ANTONIO BRAVO, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 183rd District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Case No. 1375810
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Antonio Bravo, was charged by indictment with unauthorized use
of a vehicle.1 Appellant pleaded not guilty. The jury found him guilty and
1
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 31.07(a) (Vernon 2011).
2
assessed punishment at 5 years’ confinement. In one issue on appeal, Appellant
argues the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction.
We affirm.
Background
A day or two before January 31, 2013, Laura Merino reported her car was
stolen. She identified the vehicle at trial as a Toyota Camry. Late at night on
January 31, Officer M. Saldana saw a maroon Toyota with its tail light out. He
reported the license plate number to police dispatch. The dispatch notified him
that the car had been reported as stolen.
Officer Saldana called for back-up police assistance. When they arrived,
Officer Saldana turned on the emergency lights on his car. Appellant, the driver of
the car, pulled over and parked in a hotel parking lot. After parking, Appellant got
out of the car and began to run. Officer Saldana and other officers pursued
Appellant. A short distance later, Appellant submitted to the police.
Officer Saldana testified at trial that he called Merino and that she confirmed
she was the owner of the vehicle Appellant had been driving. Merino testified that
she could not recover the vehicle at the time the police contacted her and opted to
have the car taken to an impound lot. Her parents later recovered the car from an
impound lot along with her possessions from inside the car. They subsequently
sold the car. Merino never saw the car again after it was stolen.
2
Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his sole issue on appeal, Appellant argues the evidence is insufficient to
support his conviction.
A. Standard of Review
We review the sufficiency of the evidence establishing the elements of a
criminal offense for which the State has the burden of proof under a single
standard of review. Matlock v. State, 392 S.W.3d 662, 667 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013)
(citing Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010)). This
standard of review is the standard enunciated in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,
319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979). Winfrey v. State, 393 S.W.3d 763, 768 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2013). Pursuant to this standard, evidence is insufficient to support a
conviction if, considering all the record evidence in the light most favorable to the
verdict, no rational fact finder could have found that each essential element of the
charged offense was proven beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at
319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 361, 90 S. Ct. 1068, 1071
(1970); Laster v. State, 275 S.W.3d 512, 517 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); Williams v.
State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We can hold evidence to be
insufficient under the Jackson standard in two circumstances: (1) the record
contains no evidence, or merely a “modicum” of evidence, probative of an element
of the offense, or (2) the evidence conclusively establishes a reasonable doubt. See
3
Jackson, 443 U.S. at 314, 318 & n.11, 320, 99 S. Ct. at 2786, 2789 & n.11; see
also Laster, 275 S.W.3d at 518; Williams, 235 S.W.3d at 750.
The sufficiency-of-the-evidence standard gives full play to the responsibility
of the fact finder to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and
to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts. Jackson, 443 U.S.
at 319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App.
2007). An appellate court presumes that the fact finder resolved any conflicts in
the evidence in favor of the verdict and defers to that resolution, provided that the
resolution is rational. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326, 99 S. Ct. at 2793. In viewing
the record, direct and circumstantial evidence are treated equally; circumstantial
evidence is as probative as direct evidence in establishing the guilt of an actor, and
circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to establish guilt. Clayton, 235
S.W.3d at 778. Finally, the “cumulative force” of all the circumstantial evidence
can be sufficient for a jury to find the accused guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
See Powell v. State, 194 S.W.3d 503, 507 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).
B. Analysis
A person commits the offence of unauthorized use of a vehicle “if he
intentionally or knowingly operates another’s boat, airplane, or motor-propelled
vehicle without the effective consent of the owner.” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.
§ 31.07(a) (Vernon 2011). Operating a vehicle is only unlawful if the defendant is
4
actually aware that he operates the vehicle without the owner’s consent. Gardner
v. State, 780 S.W.2d 259, 262–63 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989); Edwards v. State, 178
S.W.3d 139, 144–45 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.).
Appellant argues that the State failed to establish that he was driving the
vehicle without the owner’s consent because it failed to establish that he was
driving Merino’s car. We disagree. At the end of the State’s examination of
Officer Saldana, the following exchange occurred:
Q. Now, did you also contact the complainant in this case
regarding the car?
A. I did.
....
Q. All right. And did you confirm she was the owner of the
vehicle?
A. Yes.
Officer Saldana only testified about one vehicle. At the start of trial, the State
arraigned the defendant in front of the jury. In that process, Merino was identified
as the complainant. Likewise, the jury charge identified Merino as the
complainant. Merino testified that she had not authorized anyone to use her car.
Appellant identifies two cases in which courts have found a gap in the
evidence failing to connect the car the defendant was driving to the car that was
reported stolen. See Winn v. State, 828 S.W.2d 284, 285–86 (Tex. App.—Houston
5
[14th Dist.] 1992, no pet.) (police described car defendant was pulled over in as
blue and brown Chevy Astro van; owner testified her Chevy Astro van was blue
and grayish); Hooper v. State, 788 S.W.2d 24, 25 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
1987, no pet.) (license plate of owner’s car was different from license plate of car
defendant found in; owner’s car returned before defendant’s arrest). These cases
are distinguishable by the simple fact that, in this case, there is evidence
establishing that Appellant was driving Merino’s car.
We hold the evidence is sufficient to support the judgment of conviction.
We overrule Appellant’s sole issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Laura Carter Higley
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Higley, Bland, and Sharp.
Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
6