David Robertson v. Oksana Robertson

ACCEPTED
13-14-00523-CV
THIRTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS
CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS
5/11/2015 2:12:36 PM
DORIAN RAMIREZ
CLERK

No. 13-14-00523-CV
RECEIVED IN
13th COURT OF APPEALS
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS CORPUS
FOR THE CHRISTI/EDINBURG, TEXAS
THIRTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS
5/11/2015 2:12:36 PM
CORPUS CHRISTI-EDINBURGDORIAN E. RAMIREZ
Clerk
FILED
IN THE 13TH COURT OF APPEALS

David Robertson, CORPUS CHRISTI

Appellant 5/11/15
v.

Oksana Robertson, CLERK

Appellee

Appeal from the 148th District Court of Nueces County, Texas
{Judge Guy Williams Presiding}

BRIEF OF APPELLEE OKSANA ROBERTSON

LAW OFFICE OF LAW OFFICE OF MICHAEL P.
AUDREY MULLERT VICKNAIR O’REILLY

Audrey Mullert Vicknair Michael P. O’Reilly
State Bar No. 14650500 State Bar No. 15301000
802 N. Carancahua, Ste. 1350 500 N. Shoreline, Ste. 604 N.
Corpus Christi, Texas 78401-0022 Corpus Christi, Texas 78401
(361) 888-8413; (361) 887-6207 fax (361) 887-7444; (361) 882-7463 fax
avicknair@vicknairlaw.com mike@oreillyfamilylaw.com

Attorneys for Appellee Oksana
Robertson

i 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... ii

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES......................................................................................v

STATEMENT OF THE CASE .............................................................................. viii

STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT ............................................. ix

ISSUES PRESENTED, RESTATED ..................................................................... .ix

1. The Texas Constitution, Family Code and the law of this State have long
allowed spouses to enter into marital property agreements. Only two defenses
exist, and David Robertson asserted only one in the trial court: lack of
voluntariness. The burden is on the party refuting the validity of the
agreement to prove his defense. David Robertson failed to prove he did not
execute the Partition Agreement voluntarily. He then raises additional
defenses for the first time in this Court; those have been waived. The trial
court properly granted summary judgment (germane to Points of Error 1 and
2).

2. Appellant’s Point of Error 3 is waived. His assertion that the judgment is
overbroad is raised for the first time in this Court. The argument is further
belied by the record.

3. Appellant’s Point of Error 4 is waived. While it is stated as a complaint about
the division of post-divorce income, the argument presented is different:
Appellant argues Oksana is somehow improperly receiving spousal support.
No such arguments were raised in the trial court. Further a valid marital
property agreement exists and the trial court correctly enforced it, as stated in
Issues Restated 1 and 2.

4. Appellant’s Point of Error 5 regarding attorney’s fees is raised for the first
time in this Court and is waived. In addition the arguments fail on the merits:
the pleadings are more than sufficient, and Chapter 38 is trumped by the
parties’ contract, which requires attorney’s fees to be paid to the party
enforcing the Agreement.

ii 

STATEMENT OF FACTS ........................................................................................1

I. Undisputed Facts: Oksana Robertson's Summary Judgment Evidence .........1

A. David and Oksana Robertson Executed a Proper Marital Property
Agreement – a Partition Agreement -- During their Marriage ........................1

B. David Robertson’s Deposition .................................................................6

C. Attorney Robert W. Johnson, Jr.’s Affidavit ..........................................10

D. Justice of the Peace Duncan Neblett’s Affidavit ....................................11

II. David Robertson’s Response to the Motion for Summary Judgment
Fails to Present Competent Summary Judgment Evidence or Raise a
Fact Issue .......................................................................................................11

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ......................................................................14

ARGUMENT ...........................................................................................................17

I. Standard of Review .........................................................................................17

II. David and Oksana Robertson Executed a Binding Marital Property
Agreement; It was David Robertson’s Burden to Prove His Defense to
the Agreement and He Failed to Do So (Germane to Points of Error
1 & 2) ...............................................................................................................18
A. The Texas Constitution .........................................................................18

B. The Texas Family Code .............................................................................20

C. The Community Property Presumption .....................................................20

D. This is Not a Conversion Agreement .........................................................22

E. Enforcement of Partition and Exchange Agreements: the Burden is
on the Party Opposing the Agreement...........................................................27

1. David Robertson Contends Only that He Executed the
Agreement Involuntarily Because of Alleged Economic Duress..................29

2. David Robertson Fails to Raise a Fact Issue to Show Duress .........30
III. Point of Error 3: Appellant’s Argument that the Trial Court Granted
More Relief than Requested has been Waived and it is Belied by the
Record ...........................................................................................................35

IV. Point of Error 4: Appellant’s Argument that the Contract Improperly
Provides Oksana Robertson with Spousal Support is Waived; It is also
Wrong ...........................................................................................................36

V. Point of Error 5: Appellant’s Arguments Regarding Attorneys Fees are
Waived, and they are Wrong .........................................................................37

CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................40

PRAYER .................................................................................................................41

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE .......................................................................43

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................43

  iv
 INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES

Bahr v. Kohr, 980 S.W.2d 723 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 1998, no pet.) ...............24

Beckham Resources, Inc. v. Mantle Resources, L.L.C.,
2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 1323(Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 2010, pet. denied) ....40

City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671
(Tex. 1979) ............................................................................................. 18, 29, 35

Cockerham v. Cockerham, 527 S.W.2d 162 (Tex. 1975) ........................................21

Cooper v. Cochran, 288 S.W.3d 522 (Tex.App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.)................34

Crosstex Energy Servs. v. Pro Plus, Inc., 430 S.W.3d 384 (Tex. 2014) .................38

Eggemeyer v. Eggemeyer, 554 S.W.2d 137 (Tex. 1977) .........................................26

801 Nolana, Inc. v. RTC Mortgage Trust, 944 S.W.2d 751
(Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1997, writ denied) ..................................................18

Friedman v. Rozzlle, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 14205
(Tex.App.—Corpus Christi-Edinburg 2013, pet. denied) ..................................17

Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corp. v. Auld, 34 S.W.3d 887 (Tex. 2000)....................38

In re Estate of Cunningham, 390 S.W.3d 685
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.) .....................................................................22

Intercontinental Group Pship v. KB Home Lone Star L.P.,
295 S.W.3d 650 (Tex. 2009) ..............................................................................40

Long v. Ryan, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 7448
(Tex.App.—Corpus Christi-Edinburg 2009, no pet.) .........................................29

Martin v. Martin, 287 S.W.3d 260 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, pet. denied)............33

Matelski v. Matelski, 840 S.W.2d 124
(Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1992, no writ) ..............................................................30

Nesmith v. Berger, 64 S.W.3d 110 (Tex.App.—Austin 2001, pet. denied) ............33

  v
Nixon v. Mr. Property Management Co., Inc., 690 S.W.2d 546
(Tex. 1985) ..........................................................................................................17

Osborn v. Osborn, 961 S.W.2d 408
(Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet. denied) ............................................26

Pearson v. Fillingim, 332 S.W.3d 361 (Tex. 2011) ................................................21

Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel, 997 S.W.2d 217 (Tex. 1999) ....................................17

Ryland Group v. Hood, 924 S.W.2d 120 (Tex. 1996) ............................................18

Sanders v. Republic Nat’l Bank of Dallas, 389 S.W.2d 551
(Tex.Civ. App.—Tyler 1965, no writ)................................................................34

Sheshunoff v. Sheshunoff, 172 S.W.3d 686
(Tex. App.—Austin 2005, pet. denied) ..................................... 28, 30, 31, 32, 34

Silver Lion, Inc. v. Dolphin Street, Inc., 2010 Tex.App. LEXIS 3873
(Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, no pet.) ...................................................40

Tenneco Oil Co. v. Gulsby Eng’g, Inc., 846 S.W.2d 599
(Tex. App. –Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, writ denied) .........................................34

Wils v. Robinson, 934 S.W.2d 774(Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1996),
writ granted, judgm't vacated w.r.m., 938 S.W.2d 717 (Tex. 1997) ..................31

TEXAS CONSTITUTION, STATUTES AND RULES
TEX. CONST. Art. XVI § 15 ..................................................... 1, 2, 18, 19, 20, 22, 27

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM CODE § 38.001, et seq. ............................................... 37, 39

TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.002 ..........................................................................................20

TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003(a) ......................................................................................21

TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003(b) .....................................................................................21

TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.005 ............................................................................... 1, 18, 20

TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.102 ..........................................................................................21

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.001(2) .....................................................................................20

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TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.101 ..................................................................................... 1, 20

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.102 ............................................................................... 1, 18, 20

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.103 ..................................................................................... 1, 18

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.104 ..................................................................................... 1, 18

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.105 ............................................................................... 1, 18, 28

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.201 ..........................................................................................22

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.202 ..........................................................................................22

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.203 ..........................................................................................22

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.204 ..........................................................................................22

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.205 ..........................................................................................22

TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a) .......................................................................... 29, 35, 36, 39

TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(f) .............................................................................................36

TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i).................................................................................. 27, 36, 38

TEX. R. APP. P. 39.1 ................................................................................................. ix

TEX. R. CIV. P. 45 ............................................................................................. 38, 39

TEX. R. CIV. P. 90 .....................................................................................................38

TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a .................................................................................................36

TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c).......................................................................... 17, 18, 30, 35

TEX. R. EVID. 602 .....................................................................................................18

SECONDARY SOURCES
Black’s Law Dictionary, 5th Ed. (1979) ...................................................................36

O’Connor’s Texas Family Law Handbook 2014, Chapter 2, “Marital Property” ...22

The Random House College Dictionary (Revised, 1982) .......................................36

  vii
TO THE HONORABLE THIRTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS:

COMES NOW Oksana Robertson, Appellee, and files her brief, establishing

for the Court that the trial court’s Judgment should in all things be affirmed. Most

of Appellant’s “Points of Error” have been waived. The others fail to properly state

the law or apply it correctly to the summary judgment record. The trial court

properly granted summary judgment enforcing the marital property agreement

executed by the parties, pursuant to the Texas Constitution, the Texas Family Code,

and the law of this state.

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

Appellee Oksana Robertson filed an original petition for divorce from

Appellant David Robertson on May 24, 2013, in the 148th Judicial District Court,

Nueces County, Texas, Cause No. 2013-FAM-2820-E, the Hon. Guy Williams

presiding (original petition not included in record). She filed a First Amended

Petition for Divorce on November 5, 2013, asserting that the parties entered into a

marital property contract and partition agreement which she sought to enforce (Supp.

CR 4, 5). On March 3, 2014, Oksana Robertson filed a Traditional Motion for Partial

Summary Judgment seeking an order holding that the marriage contract was binding

and enforceable (CR 7-15). On June 27, 2014, the trial court granted the motion

(Supp. CR 9). On July 30, 2014, the court entered a Final Decree of Divorce,

ordering the division of the marital property pursuant to the terms of the partition

viii 

agreement (CR 782-792). Appellant brings this appeal.

STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT

Oral argument is not necessary in this case. TEX. R. APP. P. 39.1. Most of

Appellant’s arguments have been waived. Any dispositive issue that does exist has

been authoritatively decided. The summary judgment record is before this Court.

The decisional process would not be significantly aided by oral argument. Id.

ISSUES PRESENTED, RESTATED

1. The Texas Constitution, Family Code and the law of this State have long
allowed spouses to enter into marital property agreements. Only two
defenses exist, and David Robertson asserted only one in the trial court:
lack of voluntariness. The burden is on the party refuting the validity of
the agreement to prove his defense. David Robertson failed to prove he
did not execute the Partition Agreement voluntarily. He then raises
additional defenses for the first time in this Court; those have been waived.
The trial court properly granted summary judgment (germane to Points of
Error 1 and 2).

2. Appellant’s Point of Error 3 is waived. His assertion that the judgment is
overbroad is raised for the first time in this Court. The argument is further
belied by the record.

3. Appellant’s Point of Error 4 is waived. While it is stated as a complaint
about the division of post-divorce income, the argument presented is
different: Appellant argues Oksana is somehow improperly receiving
spousal support. No such arguments were raised in the trial court. Further
a valid marital property agreement exists and the trial court correctly
enforced it, as stated in Issues Restated 1 and 2.

4. Appellant’s Point of Error 5 regarding attorney’s fees is raised for the first
time in this Court and is waived. In addition the arguments fail on the
merits: the pleadings are more than sufficient, and Chapter 38 is trumped
by the parties’ contract, which requires attorney’s fees to be paid to the
party enforcing the Agreement.
ix 

 STATEMENT OF FACTS

I. Undisputed Facts: Oksana Robertson’s Summary Judgment
Evidence
Oksana Robertson filed a motion for summary judgment seeking the

enforcement of a Partition Agreement executed by the parties during their marriage

pursuant to Texas Constitution Article XVI Section 15 and Texas Family Code

Sections 3.005 and 4.101-4.105 (CR 7). Because the only defenses available to a

Marital Property Agreement are lack of voluntariness and unconscionability (TEX.

FAM. CODE § 4.105), Oksana asserted that as a matter of law David Robertson could

not prove lack of voluntariness, which was the only defense he alleged (CR 7-15,

157-170). She attached to her motion the Partition Agreement (CR 18-32), the

deposition of David Robertson (CR 35- 118 [taken October 11, 2013]), the affidavit

of attorney and Justice of the Peace Duncan Neblett who prepared the Agreement

for the couple (CR 134-135), and the affidavit of attorney Robert W. Johnson, Jr.,

who had been advising the Robertsons for some time regarding various legal matters

(CR 120-130). The evidence established David Robertson executed the Partition

Agreement voluntarily.

A. David and Oksana Robertson Executed a Proper Marital
Property Agreement – a Partition Agreement -- During their
Marriage
David Robertson and Oksana Robertson, husband and wife at the time, entered

into a “Partition of Property and Allocation of Income Agreement” on July 12, 2012

1 

(CR 18-32). The Agreement is initialed by both David and Oksana at the bottom of

every page (id.). Both signed the agreement before a Notary Public of the State of

Texas (CR 25-27). The Agreement states, “The parties are entering into this

Agreement in accordance with article XVI, section 15, of the Texas Constitution, as

amended, and relevant sections of the Texas Family Code, as amended.” (CR 18)

The Agreement further states:

The parties own certain real and/or personal property and are recipients
of monthly income as described in Schedules A, B and C, which are
attached to this Agreement. The parties intend by this agreement to
partition or exchange those properties between themselves and to
establish the protocol for paying their monthly expenses out of the
income described in Schedule C. The Parties also intend to continue
owning property jointly. A partial list of those items is set out in
Schedule D.

(CR 18). The Partition Agreement expressly includes the following, above the

signatures:

Article 9
Representations and Warranties

WARNING

EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT UNDERSTANDS THAT
BY SIGNING THIS DOCUMENT HE OR SHE IS PERMANENTLY
SURRENDERING RIGHTS AND CLAIMS HE OR SHE WOULD
OTHERWISE HAVE UNDER TEXAS LAW AND UNDER THE
LAW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS.

(CR 24). Immediately below this Warning are “Representations and Warranties of

Husband,” and “Representations and Warranties of Wife” (CR 24-26). Under each,

2 

it is stated:

1. I have carefully read each and every page of this agreement and the
schedules attached and referred to, in their entirety.

2. I have been advised by attorney Duncan Neblett Jr. about the law
relating to the subject matter of this agreement and about the spousal
rights and liabilities of both Parties. I acknowledge that he has
advised me some of the provisions of this agreement may not be
enforceable.

3. I AM ENTERING INTO THIS AGREEMENT VOLUNTARILY.

4. I have given careful and mature thought to the making of this
agreement.

5. I fully and completely understand each provision of this agreement,
concerning both the subject matter and the legal effect. I further
acknowledge that this agreement was not procured by fraud, duress,
or overreaching.

*********

9. I am executing this agreement with intent to be bound fully by all
its terms.

(CR 24-25, 25-26) (all caps in original, underline added).

The agreement states “Duncan Neblett, Jr. is the attorney who has prepared

this agreement. However he is not representing either party, but has relied only on

the information given to him by the Parties.” (CR 24)

The Partition Agreement states that with respect to the property listed on

Schedules A and B, the spouses are partitioning and exchanging whatever

community property interest they may have in and to the property listed on one

3 

another’s Schedules, and the property on each spouse’s Schedule is the separate

property of that spouse (CR 19, 22). The Schedules (CR 28, 29) provide:

Schedule A
Property to Husband

1. Real Property, improvements, furniture and furnishings located in Junction, Texas

2. Lots 21-24 block 15, Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas

3. Handicap-equipped Van

4. All fire arms in his possession or control

5. USAA Account# 01394-8838-3 and any other bank account solely in his name

6. $3,000 in silver coins and $3000 in gold coins purchased prior to marriage

7. Any property acquired prior to marriage

8. Monthly Social Security checks currently in the monthly amount of $426.00

9. $139/week received as Workman's Compensation benefits

o. R.
Initials of DAVID ROBERTSON Initials of OKSANA ROBERTSON

4 

 Schedule B
Property to Wife
1. Real property and improvements including furniture, furnishings and fixtures located at

13729 Three Fathoms Bank, Corpus Christi, Texas

2. Cadillac automobile

3. Account #0310085950 at American Bank

Account #807760927 at First Victoria Bank and any other other bank account solely in

her name

4. Gold coins and jewelry

5. All "massage" business income

6. Any property acquired prior to marriage

,..-....
j)J . 0. R..
initials of DAVID ROBERTSON Initials of OKSANA ROBERTSON

Schedule C is an “Identification and Expense Allocation of Monthly Income

received from Arrowpoint Capital,” with an explicit list of the spouses’ monthly

expenses, including David’s LVN and Companion care, and expenses associated

with the separate property that was partitioned in the Agreement; the balance each

month to be divided 50/50 between the parties and “shall become that party’s

separate property.” (CR 30-31). Schedule D is a partial list of additional jointly

owned property, including any proceeds from the Robertson v. Arrowpoint Capital

litigation discussed below (CR 32).

5 

 B. David Robertson’s Deposition

David Robertson testified in his deposition that he and Oksana married in

2002 (CR 40). Oksana took care of his nursing needs (CR 43). David adopted

Oksana’s son in 2004 (CR 105).

David testified that the night before he and Oksana went to Duncan Neblett’s

office in Port Aransas to execute the Partition Agreement, the document was

provided to him for his review and he read it (CR 57, 58). David actually emailed

Neblett back with suggested changes to the document related to his Junction, Texas

property (CR 59-60). The next day, when they traveled to Port Aransas to Neblett’s

office, David requested another change to the document, and Neblett made that

change (CR 61)

Before Duncan Neblett helped with the Partition Agreement, David Robertson

drew up his own proposal for the partition of the marital property, which he sent by

email to attorney Robert Johnson (CR 70, 71-72, 73, 132 [David’s agreement]).

David had been speaking at length with Mr. Johnson about a partition agreement

(CR 72). The agreement David prepared is below:

6 

 Division of Arrowpoint Check
• Out of the monthly check of 22,674.00,all bills will be paid, this is known as the
"bills list".
These are now (approximately
14,500).
• The remainder will be divided in half between David and Oksana ( approximately
$4,087 each).
• Any new bills will go onto the bill list. These will be agreed upon before hand.
• The house will be Oksana's property.
• Property pre-marriage is not community property.
• The $40,000 silver is community property.
• Any money received from the $165K settlement offer is to be divided 50/50 after
expenses.
• The money in the USAA bank is David's
• Oksana's named accounts are hers.

• Partners are to settle disputes in an adult fashion. Abusive language, threats, and
name calling all puts one in violation of this agreement.

X. Date _ x Date _
David Robertson Oksana Robertson

(CR 132) As can be seen, the partition and exchange of property in David’s

homemade agreement looks substantially similar to the partition and exchange of

property in the Partition Agreement David and Oksana signed in Judge Neblett’s

office (CR 28-32).

David Robertson has experience drafting his own legal documents, and with

attorneys drafting documents for his execution: he drafted his own Will, then an

attorney later drafted a Will for him in 2010, which he signed (CR 47-48). He said

he was happy to execute both documents, because at the time of both, Oksana was
7 

fearful and seemed to lack a sense of security (CR 106-107).

Despite the fact that he drafted his own Partition Agreement that looked very

similar in terms of the division of property to the one he signed in Duncan Neblett’s

office (compare CR 132 with CR 28-32), David claimed in his deposition that

Oksana “made a lot of threats about what was going to happen if I didn’t sign” the

Partition Agreement that was drafted by Duncan Neblett (CR 58). When asked to

specify, he said Oksana told him she and two attorneys, Robert Johnson and a Mr.

Kennedy, would strip him of his nursing benefits and sue his mother (CR 58, 61-62,

75-76). However, when asked to truly explain what he was talking about, David

testified to the following:

Attorney Robert Johnson was the Robertsons’ neighbor; he had been

providing legal advice to David and Oksana regarding a lawsuit they filed against

Arrowpoint Capital insurance company – the company paying David benefits -- for

bad faith (CR 63-65, 68-69) (the aforementioned Mr. Kennedy is the lawyer who

represents Arrowpoint Capital [CR 75]). After a time, attorney Johnson told the

Robertsons he felt conflicted in their marital discourse so he could no longer

represent either one of them; but David wanted Johnson to finish the Arrowpoint

litigation for him (CR 65-68, 68-70, 77).

An offer to settle had been made by Arrowpoint; David felt he needed attorney

Johnson to help him recover the money (CR 65-68, 68-69, 74). David Robertson

8 

testified he wanted to remove the conflict between himself and Oksana – and

therefore for attorney Johnson – so he could get Johnson back to complete the

Arrowpoint litigation (CR 70-71, 72-73, 74-75).

David testified repeatedly, every time he was asked what was causing him

stress when he signed the Partition Agreement, that he was concerned that if he did

not follow through with the Arrowpoint litigation, Arrowpoint would “commit bad

faith again and maybe take away my nursing benefits.” (CR 68, 79, 80-81, 85, 87)

He said Oksana and Johnson suggested that was a possibility (CR 79, 87). David

speculated repeatedly that if attorney Johnson did not come back, his suit was over

and eventually Arrowpoint was going to take his nursing check away (CR 74-75,

76-77, 80-81, 85, 87). He said the insurance company had made threats to him in

the past (CR 80-81, 85). David specifically testified that he agreed to the Partition

Agreement because of his fear that eventually Arrowpoint might take away his

nursing benefits if he did not follow through with his current litigation against

Arrowpoint (CR 86).

Ultimately, after David Robertson signed the Partition Agreement, he said he

found a new lawyer; and as of the time of his deposition his settlement with

Arrowpoint was in the works (CR 88-89). He also testified he and Oksana complied

with the Partition Agreement after it was signed for some time, until David began

diverting funds (CR 89, 90).

9 

 C. Attorney Robert W. Johnson, Jr.’s Affidavit

Also attached to Oksana Robertson’s summary judgment motion is the

affidavit of attorney Robert Johnson (CR 120-122), who is Board Certified by the

Texas Board of Legal Specialization in the area of Legal Professional Responsibility

(CR 125).

Mr. Johnson avers he lived across the street from the Robertsons for 10 years,

and in that time he advised them regarding the Robertson v. Arrowpoint Capital

matter (CR 120). When the marital discord got to a certain level, in mid-June 2012

Mr. Johnson told the Robertsons he could no longer represent both of them in that

lawsuit, and suggested several attorneys to help them with their legal matters,

including Judge Duncan Neblett (CR 121).

Attorney Johnson averred that on July 30, 2012, after the Robertsons signed

the July 12, 2012 Partition Agreement, David Robertson had Duncan Neblett fax the

Agreement to Johnson, and David asked Johnson to help him again with the

Arrowpoint Capital litigation, which Johnson did for about another year (CR 121).

Johnson averred that in all the years he counseled David Robertson, through

2013, he never had any indication that David Robertson did not trust him (CR 121).

Nor did David Robertson ever contend that he was signing or had signed the Partition

Agreement under duress, or that he did not understand it (CR 121, 122).

10 

 D. Justice of the Peace Duncan Neblett’s Affidavit

Judge Neblett stated in his affidavit that he had been consulting with David

and Oksana Robertson, together, about a Partition Agreement since April 2012 (CR

134). David Robertson asked Neblett to forward a draft to him on May 1, which

Neblett did, and David Robertson made changes and sent the draft back (id.). A

final draft was provided to both parties, and on July 12, 2012 David and Oksana

Robertson appeared at Neblett’s office (id.). Neblett explained the document to the

Robertsons, and they executed the Agreement before a Notary Public (CR 134).

David Robertson wrote a check to Judge Neblett in payment for his services in

preparing the Partition Agreement (CR 135). As of Neblett’s September 25, 2013

affidavit, the only contact he had with the Robertsons since the execution of the

Agreement was a request from each for a copy (CR 135).

II. David Robertson’s Response to the Motion for Summary Judgment
Fails to Present Competent Summary Judgment Evidence or Raise a
Fact Issue

David Robertson’s Response to Oksana’s motion for summary judgment (CR

157-170) alleged: “Petitioner’s motion fails to establish her entitlement to summary

judgment for three reasons. The motion improperly shifts the burden to produce

evidence to Respondent; it asks this court to disregard competent summary judgment

evidence favorable to nonmovant, and disregards the law applicable to spousal

agreements.” (CR 161). David argued that the agreement was not a partition

11 

agreement under Family Code Section 4.102, but rather a conversion agreement

under TEX. FAM. CODE §§ 4.201-.205 (CR 162-165), and that the Agreement was

not executed voluntarily (CR 162, 165-166).

In support of these propositions David Robertson attached and relied on his

10-page Affidavit, signed on June 1, 2014, long after his deposition was taken in

October 2013 (MSJ Response, passim, CR 180-189 [affidavit]). Most of the

contents are irrelevant, having nothing to do with the actual execution of the Partition

Agreement (id.). Those parts that do reference the Agreement, when read carefully,

show that David Robertson’s affidavit reiterates what he said in his deposition: he

was afraid if he did not follow through with the Arrowpoint litigation Arrowpoint

would, some time in the future, attempt to take away his nursing benefits (184-185).

David Robertson thought he needed Robert Johnson to make that happen and was

taking actions to get Johnson back on the case after he cited a conflict (CR 185, 186-

87). David Robertson admits Robert Johnson was still representing them as late as

June 13, 2012 (CR 185, 186), long after David Robertson had created his own

homemade partition agreement (CR 132, 185-186). David Robertson admits in his

affidavit “Drafts of possible divisions of properties and monies that I would restrict

myself to using while in Junction, Texas were circulated between Oksana and I, and

some were sent to Robert Johnson who was helping us resolve this issue.” (CR 186,

132) At no time does David Robertson say that he was drafting possible divisions

12 

of property and monies because of any threat Oksana made to him about Arrowpoint

Capital (CR 185-186). Rather, the affidavit says at the time of those drafts he was

afraid Arrowpoint might elect to take away his benefits some time in the future if he

dropped the current lawsuit (id.).

David Robertson then states in his affidavit, with no corroboration whatsoever

and completely contrary to anything he said in his deposition, that in the week before

the Partition Agreement was signed Oksana “promise[d] to get my nursing benefits

removed due to her promising to testify I used the money improperly.” (CR 187)

He also says, contrary to what he said in his deposition, that she threatened to kill

various family members (CR 187).

Taking them in reverse order, David Robertson said in his deposition that the

alleged threat against his family (which Oksana wholly disputes) came after the

parties signed the Partition Agreement (CR 108) (“That came afterwards.”). More

importantly, he has abandoned that argument in this Court. The allegation of

some physical threat can be dismissed out of hand.

As for the alleged threat to take his nursing benefits away, Robertson testified

to no such thing in his deposition and tendered no evidence to corroborate it in his

affidavit. He further confirmed his pure speculation: “Although I didn’t think Mr.

Kennedy [counsel for Arrowpoint] had ever been approached about this [alleged

testimony from Oksana], I had no doubt she would definitely, with [Robert]

13 

Johnson’s help give him something worth reporting to his client that might very well

cause my benefits to be lost or reduced.” (CR 187) The other witnesses in the case

– both of whom are lawyers and officers of the court – testified under oath and

confirmed that David Robertson executed the Partition Agreement wholly

voluntarily (see above).

While David Robertson also attached the deposition of Judge Neblett to his

Response (CR 223) in an apparent attempt to discredit Judge Neblett’s ability to

draft the Partition Agreement (CR 165-170), no argument has been raised in this

Court regarding Judge Neblett, so that is moot.1 No other evidence is attached to

David Robertsons’ summary judgment response.

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

The Texas Constitution and the Texas Family Code permit spouses to enter

into marital property agreements and to gift property to one another. That is

precisely what David and Oksana Robertson did here. They “owned certain real

and/or personal property and were recipients of monthly income;” they “partitioned

or exchanged those properties between themselves” and “established the protocol

for paying their monthly expenses out of the income.” All property partitioned to

1
David Robertson also objected to Robert W. Johnson’s affidavit in his summary judgment
Response (CR 161), but the objection was implicitly overruled by virtue of the trial court’s
order granting summary judgment (or otherwise it was not ruled on at all). David does not
challenge attorney Johnson’s affidavit in his Brief in this Court. That issue too is moot.
14 

each spouse was deemed their separate property, and after payment of all bills

associated with the partitioned property, the remainder of the income was divided

equally and deemed each spouse’s separate property.

This is not a conversion agreement, which expressly converts separate

property into community property, usually for the purpose of tax and estate planning.

The Robertsons were not tax and estate planning. Nothing in the Agreement says

any item of property is separate and being converted to community. And there is no

evidence that any property was actually separate property, converted to community.

All the property David Robertson asserts in his brief was his separate property and

somehow converted to community and given to Oksana was not given to Oksana –

it went on David’s Schedule A. As to Oksana’s Schedule B, David does not even

mention the property listed, save for the marital residence on Three Fathoms. But

the house was purchased after the couple married; Oksana has an income; they paid

the mortgage together for 10 years prior to executing this Agreement. The marital

residence is presumed community. No property was separate property converted to

community by this agreement. As for the Arrowpoint check, the same principles

apply: David Robertson is permitted to gift his property, and the parties can partition

and exchange all or part of their property interests. The entire marital estate was

partitioned, with the expenses associated with each spouse’s now-separate property

being paid for as the parties agreed in Schedule C, and the remainder divided 50/50

15 

each month, which “shall become that party’s separate property.” David Robertson

admitted the parties had come to an agreement on expenses long before this

Agreement was executed.

Under the Family Code and the law of this state, the burden to refute a

partition and exchange agreement is on the contesting party; David Robertson

misstates the law in that regard. He failed to adduce any competent evidence that he

signed the Agreement under duress. His self-serving affidavit, which is largely

irrelevant, is otherwise steeped in speculation. As to other points he confirms what

he said in his deposition: his true concern was with getting Robert Johnson back on

his case against the insurance company. There is no evidence of any actual imminent

threat brought to bear on David by Oksana. Imminent threat is indeed the proper

standard in family law duress cases; David misstates the law on this point as well.

Points of Error 3, 4, and 5 are all waived. None of these arguments was ever

lodged in the trial court, in the summary judgment pleadings or in the motion for

new trial. If the same be necessary, the judgment is not overbroad: David admits he

and Oksana are one another’s irrevocable beneficiaries to their life insurance policies

and he agreed to that. The statement of Issue 4 and the argument lodged are entirely

different; the Agreement says nothing about spousal support. This is a valid partition

and income allocation agreement. Finally, Oksana expressly pleaded that she was

enforcing the parties’ agreement and sought attorneys fees. David filed no special

16 

exceptions. And the prevailing party provision in the Agreement trumps Chapter

38.

The trial court’s judgment must in all things be affirmed.

ARGUMENT

I. Standard of Review

To prevail on a motion for summary judgment, the movant has the burden to

show there are no genuine issues of material fact and she is entitled to judgment as

a matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel, 997 S.W.2d

217, 222 (Tex. 1999); Nixon v. Mr. Property Management Co., Inc., 690 S.W.2d

546, 548-49 (Tex. 1985). To meet this burden, the movant must conclusively prove

all elements of her cause of action as a matter of law. Rhone-Poulenc, Inc., 997

S.W.2d at 223. The burden then shifts to the non-movant to show that genuine issues

of material fact do exist. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). When the movant is able to show

there is no genuine issue of material fact and she is entitled to judgment as a matter

of law, summary judgment is proper. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c).

Summary judgment rulings are reviewed de novo. Friedman v. Rozzlle, 2013

Tex. App. LEXIS 14205, *9 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi-Edinburg 2013, pet.

denied).

Summary judgment evidence must be competent. The affidavit of an

interested party, such as the named Respondent in a divorce, must be “clear, positive

17 

and direct, otherwise credible and free from contradictions and inconsistencies.”

TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). Unsubstantiated legal and factual conclusions are no

evidence. E.g., Ryland Group v. Hood, 924 S.W.2d 120, 122 (Tex. 1996) (factual

conclusions not permitted); 801 Nolana, Inc. v. RTC Mortgage Trust, 944 S.W.2d

751, 754 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1997, writ denied) (legal conclusions are no

evidence). And, purely speculative statements are no evidence. TEX. R. EVID. 602.

David Robertson’s argument in his brief that his affidavit was proper even

without the magic words that his statements were “true and correct” (Ant Br at 12-

14) misses the point entirely. The real problem with his affidavit is that it is replete

with legal and factual conclusions and speculation, none of which is evidence.

Defects of substance in an affidavit can be raised for the first time on appeal.

City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671, 677 (Tex. 1979).

David Robertson makes no such objections in this Court, but Oksana here proffers

them all.

II. David and Oksana Robertson Executed a Binding Marital Property
Agreement; It was David Robertson’s Burden to Prove His Defense to
the Agreement and He Failed to Do So (Germane to Points of Error 1
& 2)

The Texas Constitution and the Texas Family Code expressly permit spouses to

enter into marital property agreements and to gift property to one another. TEX.

CONST. Art. XVI, § 15; TEX. FAM. CODE §§ 3.005, 4.102-.105.

18 

 A. The Texas Constitution

The Texas Constitution provides:

§ 15. Separate and Community Property

All property, both real and personal, of a spouse owned or claimed
before marriage, and that acquired afterward by gift, devise or descent,
shall be the separate property of that spouse; and laws shall be passed
more clearly defining the rights of the spouses, in relation to separate
and community property; provided that persons about to marry and
spouses, without the intention to defraud pre-existing creditors, may by
written instrument from time to time partition between themselves all
or part of their property, then existing or to be acquired, or exchange
between themselves the community interest of one spouse or future
spouse in any property for the community interest of the other spouse
or future spouse in other community property then existing or to be
acquired, whereupon the portion or interest set aside to each spouse
shall be and constitute a part of the separate property and estate of such
spouse or future spouse; spouses also may from time to time, by written
instrument, agree between themselves that the income or property from
all or part of the separate property then owned or which thereafter might
be acquired by only one of them, shall be the separate property of that
spouse; if one spouse makes a gift of property to the other that gift is
presumed to include all the income or property which might arise from
that gift of property; spouses may agree in writing that all or part of
their community property becomes the property of the surviving spouse
on the death of a spouse; and spouses may agree in writing that all or
part of the separate property owned by either or both of them shall be
the spouses' community property.

TEX. CONST. Art. XVI, § 15 (emphasis added). Therefore, pursuant to the Texas

Constitution, spouses are permitted to partition or exchange between themselves all

or part of their community and separate property, or exchange between themselves

their community property interests in various properties. Id. They may gift their

19 

property to one another. Id. That is precisely what David and Oksana Robertson

did here (CR 18-32).

B. The Texas Family Code

In compliance with the constitutional mandate, the Texas Legislature has

promulgated several provisions in the Texas Family Code, such as:

Spouses are permitted to make a gift of property to one another. TEX. FAM.

CODE § 3.005 (“If one spouse makes a gift of property to the other spouse, the gift

is presumed to include all the income and property that may arise from that

property”). In addition,

§ 4.102. Partition or Exchange of Community Property

At any time, the spouses may partition or exchange between themselves
all or part of their community property, then existing or to be acquired,
as the spouses may desire. Property or a property interest transferred to
a spouse by a partition or exchange agreement becomes that spouse's
separate property. The partition or exchange of property may also
provide that future earnings and income arising from the transferred
property shall be the separate property of the owning spouse.

“Property” “means an interest, present or future, legal or equitable, vested or

contingent, in real or personal property, including income and earnings.” TEX. FAM.

CODE §§ 4.101, 4.001(2).

C. The Community Property Presumption

In addition, “Community property consists of the property, other than separate

property, acquired by either spouse during marriage.” TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.002.

20 

“Property possessed by either spouse during or on dissolution of marriage is

presumed to be community property.” TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003(a) (emphasis

added). “The degree of proof necessary to establish that property is separate

property is clear and convincing evidence.” TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003(b). Personal

earnings are community property. TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.102.

As the Texas Supreme Court has held for decades, “Parties claiming certain

property as their separate property have the burden of rebutting the presumption of

community property. To do so, they must trace and clearly identify the property in

question as separate by clear and convincing evidence.” Pearson v. Fillingim, 332

S.W.3d 361, 363 (Tex. 2011); accord Cockerham v. Cockerham, 527 S.W.2d 162,

167 (Tex. 1975). “In order to overcome [the community property] presumption, the

party asserting separate ownership must clearly trace the original separate property

into the particular assets on hand during the marriage.” Cockerham, 527 S.W.2d at

167.

It is important to understand that, as the Texas Supreme Court holds, the

characterization and division of property as community that one party claims – but

fails to prove – is separate “is not a divestiture of separate property, but a necessary

classification of property as set by the community presumption.” Pearson, 332

S.W.3d at 364.

21 

 D. This is Not a Conversion Agreement

David Robertson claims theirs is not a partition agreement, but a conversion

agreement under Texas Family Code Sections 4.201-4.205 (Ant Br at 14, 22-24).

The Texas Constitution and the Texas Family Code allow: “At any time, spouses

may agree that all or part of the separate property owned by either or both spouses

is converted to community property.” TEX. CONST. Art. XVI § 15; TEX. FAM. CODE

§ 4.202. A conversion agreement expressly converts separate property into

community property. TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.202, 4.203. The usual purpose of such

an agreement is for estate planning purposes: for instance, community property has

better tax-planning benefits than does separate property. See, O’Connor’s Texas

Family Law Handbook 2014, Chapter 2, “Marital Property,” at p. 171. Or, one

spouse may want to ensure that his/her separate property will pass to the other spouse

upon their death. See, In re Estate of Cunningham, 390 S.W.3d 685, 687 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.) (husband attempted to convert his separate real property

to community property for the benefit of wife with the intent that the property would

pass on his death to her; in an estate proceeding, husband’s son challenged the

agreement after he died).

A conversion agreement is not what the Robertsons executed here. They were

not estate planning. Rather, the Robertsons’ “Partition of Property and Allocation

of Income Agreement” expressly states, at page 1, “Stipulations”:

22 

 “The parties own certain real and/or personal property and are
recipients of monthly income as described in Schedules A [“Property
to Husband”], B [“Property to Wife”], and C [“Identification and
Expense Allocation of Monthly Income Received from Arrowpoint
Capital (currently $22,674.00/Mo)”], which are attached to this
agreement. The parties intend by this agreement to partition or
exchange those properties between themselves and to establish the
protocol for paying their monthly expense out of the income described
in Schedule C.

(CR 18). The Agreement then does exactly that: in “Article 2 Partition of Property,”

the spouses partition and exchange to one another “her/his community-property

interest in and to all the property listed in Schedule A/B,” and the property listed on

each Schedule becomes that spouse’s separate property (CR 19). With respect to the

allocation of income, Schedule C, the Agreement clearly states that after all expenses

are paid, the remainder each month will be divided between the spouses equally and

“shall become that party’s separate property.” (CR 31) Nothing in the Agreement

says that any item of property is being characterized as community property. Rather,

the end result of this Agreement is that the parties’ property has now been partitioned

and exchanged such that each has his/her own list of separate property (CR 19-32).

In addition David Robertson has not shown that any of the property in

Schedule B, “Property to Wife” (which became her separate property), was his

separate property that he converted to community property (and then partitioned to

Oksana as her separate property). David fails to overcome the community property

presumption. To the precise contrary, in his deposition and his affidavit David

23 

testified that Oksana has an income as a licensed massage therapist (CR 82, 181).

The residence at Three Fathoms that was partitioned as Wife’s Property was

purchased in 2002 after David and Oksana married (CR 40, 181, 199-201), with a

loan the two paid monthly for the duration of their marriage (10+ years). David

testified in his deposition that he and Oksana took out a second mortgage on the

family residence at Three Fathoms to purchase lots on Ocean Drive (CR 50-52, 103-

104). He testified he and Oksana were originally going to build on the property and

move from the Three Fathoms house (CR 103-104). Under the Partition Agreement,

Oksana got the (double-mortgaged) house and David got the (debt free) Ocean Drive

lots (the Court can take judicial notice of the prestige of Ocean Drive, these are not

just “empty lots” as David contends in his brief) (CR 28, 29).

David Robertson did not prove by clear and convincing evidence that the

Three Fathoms property partitioned to Oksana was his separate property and

converted to community property. See, e.g., Bahr v. Kohr, 980 S.W.2d 723, 730

(Tex.App.—San Antonio 1998, no pet.) (proof of character of proceeds in bank

account requires documentation about when account opened, beginning balance,

debits and credits, and that there are no community funds in the account). The Three

Fathoms house is presumed community property.

David presented no evidence that the remainder of the properties listed on

Oksana’s Schedule B were his separate property, converted to community property,

24 

nor could he (CR 29). David makes no reference to her automobile, her two bank

accounts, her gold coins and jewelry, and her massage business income in his

affidavit (CR 180-88). They were further in her possession and presumed

community property; otherwise they are gifts, or they are a proper exchange of the

parties’ property under the Texas Constitution and the Family Code (CR 29).

Oksana’s property acquired prior to marriage is her separate property and remains

so under the Agreement (CR 29). Nothing has been converted from separate to

community.

Likewise, Schedule A, “Property to Husband,” partitions property to David

identically. David’s separate Junction property (CR 181), which he wrongly says in

his brief was “divided” in the Agreement (Ant Br at 23) was not divided – it is still

his separate property under the Agreement, as is any property he acquired prior to

marriage, and his social security and workers’ compensation benefits (CR 28). His

guns (CR 181) and silver coins, his van, and bank accounts in his name, whether his

separate property or community, have been partitioned as his separate property (CR

28). As discussed he was partitioned the couple’s Ocean Drive lots, which are

community property (CR 28). There is no evidence any piece of property partitioned

in this Agreement was David Robertson’s separate property, converted to

community property.

With respect to the Arrowpoint check, Schedule C, the same principles apply.

25 

Under the Texas Constitution and the Family Code, David Robertson is permitted to

gift his property, and the parties can partition and exchange all or part of their

property interests. The entire marital estate was partitioned in the agreement, with

the expenses associated with each spouse’s now-separate property being paid for as

the parties agreed in Schedule C, and the remainder divided 50/50 each month, which

“shall become that party’s separate property.” (CR 31) David Robertson admitted

in his affidavit that the parties had come to an agreement on some expenses long

before this Agreement was executed (compare CR 184 [“I agreed to limit the amount

of money I spent in Junction. The figure we came up with was $5600 per month”]

with CR 31 [Schedule C - $5600/month care for David if not living with wife]). He

also admitted he was drafting agreements with Oksana regarding the division of

money before the Partition Agreement was executed (CR 186, 182 [homemade

agreement]). Nothing in the Partition Agreement states that the check is in any way

being converted to community property.

David Robertson cites only two cases in his brief, Osborn v. Osborn, 961

S.W.2d 408 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet. denied) and Eggemeyer v.

Eggemeyer, 554 S.W.2d 137 (Tex. 1977) (Ant Br at 23, 24) for the proposition that

the agreement somehow divests him of separate property and thereby improperly

converts same to community. Neither case involves a marital property agreement.

Neither applies. Robertson presents no authority to support his proposition that this

26 

Partition Agreement is somehow a conversion agreement. TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i).

Finally, David Robertson briefly mentions, in only a partial sentence, the

division of the recovery from the Arrowpoint Capital litigation as some divestiture

of separate property, without any discussion, analysis, or authority (Ant Br at 24).

The argument is waived for failure to brief. TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). But in addition,

attorney Robert Johnson averred by affidavit that he was representing both

Robertsons in that litigation (CR 121); indeed his decision to get off the case because

of a potential conflict between David and Oksana, both of whom were his clients in

that litigation, was discussed ad nauseum in the evidence, as set forth above. David

Robertson cites no authority for the proposition that the proceeds from that litigation

could not be partitioned in this marital property agreement.

There is no evidence any tax planning was occurring when this agreement was

executed. The agreement was executed for an entirely different purpose: to partition

and exchange to one another all or part of the spouses’ property as separate property,

and to allocate income to pay the expenses associated with that separate property

(the balance each month to be divided equally as separate property). TEX. CONST.

Art. XVI § 15. This is not a conversion agreement.

E. Enforcement of Partition and Exchange Agreements: the
Burden is on the Party Opposing the Agreement
With respect to enforcement of marital property partition agreements, the

burden is on the party claiming the agreement is unenforceable to prove the same,

27 

contrary to David Robertson’s contention otherwise. TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.105;

Sheshunoff v. Sheshunoff, 172 S.W.3d 686, 694 (Tex. App.—Austin 2005, pet.

denied). “[T]he Texas Legislature [has] manifested a strong policy preference that

marital property agreements should be enforced whenever persons who are married

or intend to marry voluntarily enter into them.” Sheshunoff, 172 S.W.3d at 694, 701.

Section 4.105 provides:

§ 4.105. Enforcement

(a) A partition or exchange agreement is not enforceable if the party
against whom enforcement is requested proves that:

(1) the party did not sign the agreement voluntarily; or

(2) the agreement was unconscionable when it was signed . . . .

******

(c) The remedies and defenses in this section are the exclusive
remedies or defenses, including common law remedies or defenses.

TEX. FAM. CODE § 4.105. Thus, only two defenses exist, lack of voluntariness and

unconscionability. Id.; Sheshunoff, 172 S.W.3d at 695. Duress, lack of capacity,

fraud, undue influence, and lack of relative bargaining power and knowledge “could

bear on the ultimate determination of voluntariness.” Sheshunoff, 172 S.W.3d at

695-96. But while they may inform the issue, “they do not control.” Id. at 698.

28 

 1. David Robertson Contends Only that He Executed the
Agreement Involuntarily Because of Alleged Economic Duress

David Robertson has only ever alleged voluntariness; he has never alleged

unconscionability, in the trial court or on appeal. And, he has never alleged lack of

capacity, fraud, undue influence, or lack of relative bargaining power; he does not

assert lack of knowledge in this Court. Duress is his argument. That said, we must

carefully review the arguments Robertson is asserting in his brief, first to ensure they

were raised in the trial court (at least one was not) and second to assess whether any

evidence supports them.

First, David argues that Oksana was going to commit tortious interference

with his Arrowpoint contract (Ant Br at 17-19). This argument is nowhere lodged

in the trial court (CR 157-170 [Resp to MSJ], 777-780 [MNT]). There is but one

paragraph in the summary judgment response about nursing benefits and it says

nothing about tortious interference, or the elements thereof (CR 165). For that

matter, much of the argument lodged in Appellant’s Brief was not raised in the trial

court (compare CR 165 [two-paragraph argument regarding lack of voluntariness in

summary judgment response] with Ant Br at 17-22).

The tortious interference argument, at a minimum, has been waived. TEX. R.

APP. P. 33.1; City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671, 677-78

(Tex. 1979); Long v. Ryan, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 7448, **14-15, n. 29

(Tex.App.—Corpus Christi-Edinburg 2009, no pet.) (quoting TEX. R. CIV. P.

29 

166a(c): “issues not expressly presented to the trial court by written motion, answer

or other response shall not be considered on appeal as grounds for reversal.”).

2. David Robertson Fails to Raise a Fact Issue to Show Duress

Texas Courts hold, with respect to duress:

There can be no duress unless there is a threat to do some act which the
party threatening has no legal right to do. Such threat must be of such
character as to destroy the free agency of the party to whom it is
directed. It must overcome his will and cause him to do that which he
would not otherwise do, and that which he was not legally bound to do.
The restraint caused by such threat must be imminent. It must be such
that the person to whom it is directed has no present means of
protection.

Sheshunoff, 172 S.W.3d at 687 (quoting Matelski v. Matelski, 840 S.W.2d 124, 129

(Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1992, no writ)). David Robertson wrongly asserts in his

brief that the threat need not be imminent, that “imminent” is a “criminal

prosecution” standard (Ant Br at 19-20). The foregoing definition of duress in the

marital property agreement context expressly requires that the restraint caused by

such threat must be imminent; the person to whom it is directed must have no present

means of protection.

"In deciding whether there has been undue influence, the court should

consider three factors: (1) the existence and exertion of an influence; (2) whether the

influence operated to subvert or overpower the person's mind when executing the

document; and (3) whether the person would have executed the document but for

30 

the influence." Wils v. Robinson, 934 S.W.2d 774, 780 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th

Dist.] 1996), writ granted, judgm't vacated w.r.m., 938 S.W.2d 717 (Tex. 1997).

There is no evidence of any imminent threat. The farthest David Robertson

would go is to assert in his affidavit (not in his deposition) – with no corroboration

whatever -- that Oksana “promised” to testify in some unidentified lawsuit (CR 187).

He confirms the pure speculation of this allegation: “Although I didn’t think Mr.

Kennedy [counsel for Arrowpoint] had ever been approached about this [alleged

testimony from Oksana], I had no doubt she would definitely, with [Robert]

Johnson’s help give him something worth reporting to his client that might very well

cause my benefits to be lost or reduced.” (CR 187) Speculation on speculation on

speculation is no evidence. There was no imminent threat to do anything, let alone

something illegal.

Sheshunoff is strikingly similar (David Robertson fails to properly analyze the

case [Ant Br at 18]). The Husband tendered his own affidavit on the issue of

voluntariness and contended that his wife threatened she would withdraw a loan

guarantee if he did not sign the marital property agreement. Id., 172 S.W.3d at 699.

He contended the bank would then have the ability to cut off his line of credit. Id.

The court of appeals held this was not evidence of an imminent threat:

this evidence shows, at most, that Ms. Sheshunoff threatened to
withdraw her loan guarantee and that her doing so would have entitled
Bank of America to cut off the line of credit. Mr. Sheshunoff offers no
proof, and only the conclusory statement in his affidavit, regarding the
31 

 likelihood that Bank of America in fact would have exercised this
contractual right, at Ms. Sheshunoff’s behest or otherwise.

Id. at 699-700 (italics in original). The court held it was pure speculation whether

this was “the sort of imminent threat that Texas law has considered capable of

overwhelming free will and rendering Mr. Sheshunoff’s execution of the Marital

Property Agreement involuntary.” Id. at 700. Likewise, David’s assertion that

Oksana threatened to testify in an unknown lawsuit is pure speculation regarding

what would happen next, at Oksana’s behest or otherwise.

In addition, there is extensive evidence – from David Robertson himself and

attorney witnesses -- that David was drafting partition and income allocation

agreements long before the Partition Agreement was executed and threats were

allegedly made. David had previously written his own will. Similarly, in

Sheshunoff, Mr. Sheshunoff, who was attacking the agreement, failed to raise a fact

issue on the issue of voluntariness because the parties had extensively negotiated the

marital property agreement at issue for several months. Id., 172 S.W.3d at 699. Both

parties were sophisticated, and they had executed prior agreements, and understood

the purpose of those agreements. Id. The evidence makes clear David Robertson

would have executed this Agreement, or one nearly identical to it, without the

alleged threats. There is no evidence – even from David himself – that his mind was

overpowered when he executed the document.

32 

 David Robertson’s cited case of Martin v. Martin, 287 S.W.3d 260, 261, 263

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, pet. denied) (Ant Br at 19, 21) is wholly inapposite to the

record here. The husband drafted a martial property agreement that he required the

wife to sign to “protect the family” from alleged financial trouble and litigation with

his business. He had total control over the family’s financial affairs. He refused to

produce credible financial information when asked. He made constant entreaties to

the wife that the family would be destroyed. And he convinced her to backdate a

later-signed disclosure document associated with the property agreement. Id. at 263-

265. This evidence came not from the affidavit of the wife, but from the deposition

of the wife’s attorney, who stated that “obvious pressure was being placed” on the

wife to sign the document. Id. The attorney testified she told the wife many times

not to sign the agreement but the wife was overcome by the fear that the family

would be destroyed if she didn’t. The record in this case has absolutely no

resemblance to Martin.

David Robertson’s case of Nesmith v. Berger, 64 S.W.3d 110, 114

(Tex.App.—Austin 2001, pet. denied) (Ant Br at 19) is one in which the parties

negotiated their partition agreement for some time before they signed it; the fact that

the husband put an internal deadline of the honeymoon to sign it did not render the

agreement involuntary. Here, David Robertson drafted several partition agreements

before the parties signed the one at issue. Like Nesmith, there is no evidence here

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of any imminent threat that overcame his will. David’s cited cases of Cooper v.

Cochran, 288 S.W.3d 522 (Tex.App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.), Tenneco Oil Co. v.

Gulsby Eng’g, Inc., 846 S.W.2d 599, 604 (Tex. App. –Houston [14th Dist.] 1993,

writ denied), and Sanders v. Republic Nat’l Bank of Dallas, 389 S.W.2d 551

(Tex.Civ. App.—Tyler 1965, no writ) (Ant Br at 19, 20) do not involve marital

property agreements and do not inform the issue here.

When the evidence fails to raise a fact issue on voluntariness as here, there is

no need for the Court to even consider whether there was a legal right to take the

threatened action complained of. Sheshunoff, 172 S.W.3d at 700, n. 19. David’s

evidence is identical to the evidence in Sheshunoff and likewise fails to raise a fact

issue on voluntariness; therefore this Court need not even address his additional

argument (which is based on pure speculation) that Oksana had no right to –

allegedly – testify in an unknown lawsuit in the future (Ant Br at 17-19, 20-21).

Finally, David Robertson comments in his brief that Oksana allegedly

threatened his life (CR 165, Ant Br at 7, 9, 16, 19). But David does not argue here

that any alleged threat of physical harm caused him to sign this Partition Agreement;

he argues that was the result of “economic duress” (Ant Br at 16-22; see p. 20 at ftnt

10). It also bears noting that David Robertson testified, in his deposition, that any

alleged physical threat (which Oksana denies) “came afterwards,” that is, after the

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Partition Agreement was signed (CR 108) (emphasis added). David Robertson

properly abandoned the physical threat argument in this Court.

Appellant’s “Points of Error” 1 and 2 must be overruled.

III. Point of Error 3: Appellant’s Argument that the Trial Court Granted
More Relief than Requested has been Waived and It is Belied by the
Record

Appellant asserts that the trial court’s judgment “was not supported by either

the pleadings or evidence and was error” and was “an abuse of discretion,” because

it maintains Oksana Robertson as the beneficiary of Appellant’s life insurance policy

(Ant Br at 25, CR 787). That issue was never raised in the trial court (CR 157-170

[Resp to MSJ], CR 777-780 [motion for new trial]). It is waived. TEX. R. APP. P.

33.1; City of Houston, 589 S.W.2d at 677-78; TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c) (“issues not

expressly presented to the trial court by written motion, answer or other response

shall not be considered on appeal as grounds for reversal.”).

In addition, it is true and there is no dispute that Oksana Robertson is the

“irrevocable beneficiary” of David Robertson’s life insurance policy; likewise,

David Robertson is the “irrevocable beneficiary” of Oksana Robertson’s life

insurance policy (for both, see CR 694, 706, 719, 769, 800). And the Agreed

Temporary Orders Pending Appeal, signed by David Robertson himself (CR 798-

802), specifically state and affirm that Oksana Robertson and David Robertson are

the irrevocable beneficiaries of one another’s life insurance policies.

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 “Irrevocable” is defined as “that which cannot be revoked or recalled.”

Black’s Law Dictionary, 5th Ed. (1979); The Random House College Dictionary

(Revised, 1982) (also, “unable to be repealed or annulled”).

David Robertson fails to show any error or abuse of discretion in the trial

court’s maintenance of Oksana’s agreed status – and David’s agreed status – as the

irrevocable beneficiaries of one another’s life insurance policies.

IV. Point of Error 4: Appellant’s Argument that the Contract Improperly
Provides Oksana Robertson with Spousal Support is Waived; It is also
Wrong
Appellant states his Issue 4 as follows: “The trial court erred in making a

division of post-divorce income.” (Ant Br at 25) His argument is something very

different: he contends Oksana Robertson is improperly receiving spousal

maintenance (Ant Br at 25-27). But neither the Issue stated, which is not supported

by any actual argument in violation of the Appellate Rules (TEX. R. APP. P.

38.1(f),(i)), nor the argument presented have ever been argued to the trial court. TEX.

R. APP. P. 33.1; TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a. Nowhere in Appellant’s Response to Motion

for Summary Judgment (CR 157) or in his Motion for New Trial (CR 777) does

Appellant make any argument regarding some impropriety regarding income or

spousal maintenance. These assertions, raised for the first time ever in the case in

this appeal, are waived. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a.

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 In addition, for all the reasons set forth above, these spouses entered into a

valid, proper and enforceable marital property agreement that allocated income.

That agreement did not provide spousal support to Oksana and there is no reference

anywhere in the agreement to any such spousal support.

V. Point of Error 5: Appellant’s Arguments Regarding Attorneys Fees are
Waived, and they are Wrong
Appellant contends that attorneys fees were not properly awarded in this case

for two reasons: (1) “there were no pleadings to support that award” and (2) there is

“no evidence of compliance with Chapter 38 of the Civil Practice and Remedies

Code.” (Ant Br at 28-29). Appellant waived these arguments, and he is wrong on

both counts.

As to the pleadings, Appellant cites to Volume 8 of the Reporter’s Record at

page 10 for the proposition that he objected that there was some alleged absence of

pleadings seeking recovery of attorneys fees under the contract (Ant Br at 28). That

is not what happened. Instead, when the court asked if both sides were putting on

evidence of attorneys fees, both counsel stated that fees were available to the

prevailing party under the parties’ contract, which the court had enforced (RR 8: 9-

10). Appellant’s counsel told the court he thought the issue could wait, but “it was

our agreement that if he desired to put on testimony as to attorneys fees and the court

allowed him to do so, then we’re prepared to address that issue.” (id. at 9-10)

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 Additionally, Oksana Robertson very clearly alleged, in her First Amended

Original Petition for Divorce:

Marriage Contract
During the marriage, the parties entered into a marriage contract
and partition agreement which purports to divide most or all of the
assets owned by the parties. Petitioner requests that this Honorable
Court enforce that Marriage Contract according to its terms.
****
Attorneys Fees, Expenses, Costs, and Interest
It was necessary for Petitioner to secure the services of Michael
P. O’Reilly, a licensed attorney, to prepare and prosecute this suit. To
effect an equitable division of the estate of the parties and as a part of
the division, judgment for attorneys fees, expenses and costs through
trial and appeal should be granted . . . .

(Supp. CR 5). Clearly Oksana Robertson stated in her pleadings that she sought

enforcement of the parties’ contract and attorneys fees. TEX. R. CIV. P. 45.

First, Appellant cites no authority in his brief for the proposition that Oksana’s

pleadings required more specificity. The issue is waived for failure to brief. TEX.

R. APP. P. 38.1(i).

Second, the issue on appeal is waived because Appellant did not file special

exceptions, or otherwise properly preserve his argument about some deficiency in

the pleadings in the trial court. TEX. R. CIV. P. 90; Crosstex Energy Servs. v. Pro

Plus, Inc., 430 S.W.3d 384, 395 (Tex. 2014). Pleadings that are not challenged are

construed liberally in favor of the pleader. Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corp. v. Auld,

34 S.W.3d 887, 897 (Tex. 2000). Appellant was fully apprised that Oksana
38 

Robertson was seeking attorneys fees, as was made clear at the hearing (RR 8:9-10).

There was no claim of surprise.

Third, there is no argument in the Motion for New Trial that attacks the award

of attorneys fees in the judgment in any way (CR 777-780). TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a).

The issue has been waived for one or all of these reasons.

In addition, Oksana Robertson did specifically allege that she had a valid

contract that she was seeking to “enforce,” and she was seeking attorneys fees (Supp.

CR 5). The contract states that “if either party brings an action or other proceeding

to enforce this agreement . . . the defaulting party must pay all reasonable attorney’s

fees, expert’s fees, and other costs of the other party.” (CR 23) Oksana’s pleadings

are more than sufficient. In the alternative, pleadings are to be construed liberally

in favor of the pleader as set forth above (see also TEX. R. CIV. P. 45 [“Pleadings

shall be construed so as to do substantial justice”]). Either way, Appellant cannot

prevail on the merits of his assertion that “there were no pleadings to support the

award of attorneys fees.”

Appellant’s second argument regarding attorneys fees is that Oksana

Robertson did not comply with TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM CODE § 38.001, et seq.,

which governs attorneys fees for breach of contract (Ant Br at 29). The argument is

misplaced. Chapter 38 is expressly trumped by prevailing party law and authority.

When parties contract for the payment of attorneys fees, as here, the terms of the

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contract rule, not Section 38.001. Intercontinental Group Pship v. KB Home Lone

Star L.P., 295 S.W.3d 650, 653 (Tex. 2009) (Chapter 38 is “not controlling” because

the terms of the parties’ agreement controls). “Parties are free to contract for a fee-

recovery standard either looser or stricter than Chapter 38's . . . . In such cases, it is

the language of the contract, not the statute, that governs.” Silver Lion, Inc. v.

Dolphin Street, Inc., 2010 Tex.App. LEXIS 3873, *52 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st

Dist.] 2010, no pet.). This Court must give effect to and enforce the agreement as

written. Beckham Resources, Inc. v. Mantle Resources, L.L.C., 2010 Tex. App.

LEXIS 1323, *55 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 2010, pet. denied).

Oksana Robertson’s counsel testified at length to prove up his attorneys fees

required to enforce the parties’ contract (RR 8: 11-14). Indeed at Appellant’s

counsel’s suggestion, Oksana’s counsel tendered his detailed fee bill as Exhibit 3;

the two discussed it at length (RR 8: 14-18, 22-24). There was no assertion that any

demand for payment or lack of payment was required, let alone omitted (Id.). There

is no contention in this Court that attorneys fees were unnecessary or unreasonable.

Appellant’s Issue 5 must in all things be overruled.
CONCLUSION
David and Oksana Robertson executed a valid marital property agreement

pursuant to the Texas Constitution and the Texas Family Code. This was not a

conversion agreement, this was a partition and exchange agreement. There is no

evidence any separate property was converted to community by this agreement.
40 

 David Robertson, being the party seeking to attack the Agreement, had the

burden to prove his defense: economic duress. He failed to adduce any competent

summary judgment evidence to show that Oksana imposed some imminent threat

that overcame his will. The Agreement is replete with indices of voluntary

execution, from initials at the bottom of every page, to Warnings, to Warranties, to

signing in front of a notary. Multiple witnesses who were officers of the Court

testified that David Robertson voluntarily executed the agreement.

Issues 3, 4 and 5 are all waived for failure to raise them in the trial court. On

the merits they all fail as well. The judgment is not overbroad, the Agreement does

not award Oksana spousal support, and Oksana expressly pleaded to enforce the

Agreement and sought attorneys fees for that purpose. The prevailing party

provision in the agreement trumps Chapter 38 such that the statutory provisions do

not apply.

PRAYER
WHEREFORE, Appellee Oksana Robertson prays the Court to overrule

Appellant’s Issues Presented, and affirm the judgment of the trial court. Oksana

Robertson prays for all other relief to which she is entitled.

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 Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Audrey Mullert Vicknair
Audrey Mullert Vicknair
State Bar No. 14650500
LAW OFFICE OF AUDREY MULLERT VICKNAIR
802 N. Carancahua Ste. 1350
Corpus Christi, TX 78401-0022
(361) 888-8413; (361) 887-6207 fax
avicknair@vicknairlaw.com

Michael P. O’Reilly
State Bar No. 153101000
LAW OFFICE OF MICHAEL P. O’REILLY
500 N. Shoreline, Ste. 604 N.
Corpus Christi, Texas 78401
(361) 887-7444; (361) 882-7463 fax
mike@oreillyfamilylaw.com

Attorneys for Appellee Oksana Robertson

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 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
The undersigned certifies, pursuant to TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4(i)(2)(B), that this
computer-generated brief is 9,781 words long according to the word count of the
computer program used to prepare this document (Microsoft Office Word
2003/2007), from the Statement of Facts through the end of the Prayer. Typeface
font is 14-point in the body and 13-point in the footnotes, if any.

/s/ Audrey Mullert Vicknair
Audrey Mullert Vicknair

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing instrument was
served in accordance with the Texas Rules of Appellate and Civil Procedure, on
counsel named below, on this the _11th_ day of May, 2015.

Mr. Clint F. Sare
P.O. Box 1694
Bryan, Texas 77806

Attorney for Appellant David Robertson

By tex.gov e-service

/s/ Audrey Mullert Vicknair_
Audrey Mullert Vicknair

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