ACCEPTED
13-15-00152-CR
THIRTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS
CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS
8/17/2015 12:55:02 PM
CECILE FOY GSANGER
CLERK
No. 13-15-00152-CR
IN THE FILED IN
13th COURT OF APPEALS
CORPUS CHRISTI/EDINBURG, TEXAS
THIRTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS
8/17/2015 12:55:02 PM
CECILE FOY GSANGER
OF TEXAS Clerk
AT CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS
LEANDRE V. HILL,
Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
TRIAL CAUSE NO. 2012CR9686
APPEAL FROM THE 379TH DISTRICT COURT
BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS
HONORABLE RON RANGEL, JUDGE PRESIDING
APPELLANT’S BRIEF
RICHARD B. DULANY, JR.
Assistant Public Defender
Bexar County Public Defender’s Office
101 W. Nueva St., Suite 370
San Antonio, Texas 78205
ORAL ARGUMENT IS (210) 335-0701
NOT REQUESTED FAX (210) 335-0707
richard.dulany@bexar.org
Texas Bar No. 06196400
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Identity of Parties and Counsel
Pursuant to TEX.R.APP.P. 38.1(a), the parties are as follows:
LeAndre V. Hill was the Defendant and is the Appellant.
The State of Texas, by and through the Bexar County District Attorney’s Office,
prosecuted this case and is the Appellee.
For the State:
At trial: Bill Pennington
Jessica Frazier
Assistant District Attorneys
Bexar County District Attorney’s Office
Paul Elizondo Tower
101 W. Nueva St., Fourth Floor
San Antonio, TX 78205
On appeal: Nicholas A. LaHood/Appellate Section
Bexar County District Attorney’s Office
Paul Elizondo Tower
101 W. Nueva St., Suite 710
San Antonio, TX 78205
For the Appellant:
At trial: James Tocci
Law Office of James Tocci
222 South Flores St.
San Antonio, TX 78204
Daniel E. Perez
Law Office of Denise Martinez
222 S. Flores St.
San Antonio, TX 78204
On appeal: Richard B. Dulany, Jr.
Assistant Public Defender
Bexar County Public Defender’s Office
101 W. Nueva St., Suite 370
San Antonio, TX 78205
ii
The Trial Court:
Hon. Ron Rangel, Judge Presiding
379th District Court
300 Dolorosa Street, Fourth Floor
San Antonio, TX 78205
iii
Table of Contents
Identity of Parties and Counsel ....................................................................................ii
Table of Contents .........................................................................................................iv
Index of Authorities .....................................................................................................v
A Note on Record References......................................................................................vi
Certificate of Compliance with Word Limit ................................................................ vi
Statement of the Case...................................................................................................1
Statement Regarding Oral Argument .......................................................................... 2
Issue for Review (Presented) .......................................................................................3
The judgment should be corrected to give Hill credit on his sentence for
all of the time that he remained in custody until he was sentenced. .......... 3
Statement of Facts ........................................................................................................4
Summary of the Argument...........................................................................................11
Argument......................................................................................................................12
Issue for Review (Restated) .......................................................................... 12
Conclusion and Prayer for Relief................................................................................. 16
Certificate Of Service...................................................................................................16
Appendix ......................................................................................................................17
iv
Index of Authorities
Cases
Ex parte Bynum, 772 S.W.2d 113 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989) .............................................. 12
Ex parte Ybarra, 149 S.W.3d 147 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) .............................................. 12
In re L.G.G., 398 S.W.3d 852 (Tex. App.––Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.) .......... 12, 13, 14
Turner v. State, 733 S.W.2d 218 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987)(en banc) ................................. 14
Statutes
TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 42.03 § 2(a)(1) (West Supp. 2015) ............................ 12
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 30.02(c)(2) (West 2015) ........................................................... 1
Rules
TEX. R. EVID. 201 .............................................................................................................. 14
TEX.R.APP.P. 9.4(i)(1)........................................................................................................ vi
TEX.R.APP.P. 9.4(i)(2)(B) .................................................................................................. vi
v
A Note on Record References
The reporter’s record in this case consists of seven volumes plus a
supplemental volume. Volume 1 is the Master Index. Volume 6 is the exhibits
volume. The supplemental volume contains the proceedings held on January 14,
2015. If the volumes were organized chronologically, the supplemental volume
would be between Volume 2 and Volume 3 of the reporter’s record.
References to the reporter’s record will be: ([Volume Number] RR at ___ ).
References to the supplemental reporter’s record will be: (SRR at ___ ).
The clerk’s record consists of the main volume, plus a supplemental volume
that includes the amended Judgment. Reference to the clerk’s record will be: (CR
at ___ ). Reference to the supplemental clerk’s record will be: (SCR at ___ ).
Certificate of Compliance with Word Limit
Pursuant to TEX.R.APP.P. 9.4(i)(1) & (i)(2)(B), the word count, from the
beginning of the Statement of Facts until, but excluding, the signature block, is:
2,476. The total word count is 3,471.
vi
TO THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT OF TEXAS:
This brief is filed on behalf of Appellant, LeAndre V. Hill, by Richard B.
Dulany, Jr., an Assistant Public Defender with the Appellate Unit of the Bexar
County Public Defender’s Office. This is an appeal from a finding of guilt after a
non-jury trial.
Statement of the Case
Appellant, LeAndre V. Hill, was charged by indictment with one count of
burglary of a habitation, a second-degree felony. 1 (CR at 5). The offense was
alleged to have been committed in Bexar County, Texas, on or about January 9,
2012. (CR at 5). Hill waived his right to a jury trial and pleaded not guilty. (2 RR
at 5). The trial court found Hill guilty of the charged offense and sentenced him to
six years of imprisonment with a $2,500 fine. (4 RR at 27)(SCR at 3).
The trial court accurately certified that Hill has the right of appeal. (CR at
33). Trial counsel timely filed a written notice of appeal on Hill’s behalf. (CR at
37). The Bexar County Public Defender’s Office was appointed to represent Hill
on appeal (CR at 38), and this appeal follows.
1
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 30.02(c)(2) (West 2015).
1
Statement Regarding Oral Argument
The issue raised in this appeal may be determined from the record and cited
authority alone. For that reason, undersigned counsel does not request oral
argument, but will present oral argument if it is requested by the State.
2
Issue Presented for Review (Presented)
The judgment should be corrected to give Hill credit on his sentence for all of
the time that he remained in custody until he was sentenced.
3
Statement of Facts
Hill waived the right to a jury trial. (2 RR at 5). The bench trial began on
January 13, 2015. Hill pleaded “not guilty” to the charged offense. (2 RR at 5).
Terin Quijano was the State’s first witness. Quijano lived in the Camden
Apartments on Bandera Road. (2 RR at 9). His apartment was on the second floor,
but the front door was on the ground level at the bottom of a stairwell. (2 RR at
12). On January 9, 2012, Quijano was sleeping late. (2 RR at 9, 13). A loud noise
woke him up. (2 RR at 14). He heard the noise “[t]hree or four times at least.” (2
RR at 48). He looked out the front window of his apartment and saw a man
standing outside, near his front door. (2 RR at 15). The man looked up and Quijano
saw his face. (2 RR at 15). Quijano explained that he was prepared by “military
style training” to be alert and think clearly immediately upon waking. (2 RR at 48).
Quijano went downstairs and opened his front door. He saw dirt on the door
and noticed that it was damaged. (2 RR at 16). To Quijano, it seemed like “some
force” had been applied to his door. (2 RR at 16). He realized that someone tried to
break into his apartment. (2 RR at 18). Quijano went back upstairs and looked out
his window again. The man had left, but Quijano saw an unfamiliar black Volvo
car in the parking lot. (2 RR at 21). The car was backed into the parking spot,
which was unusual for the apartment complex. (2 RR at 21). Quijano saw the car
4
pull out of the parking spot as if the driver was in a hurry to get away. (2 RR at
22).
Quijano couldn’t see who was in the black car, but he immediately called 9-
1-1 and provided the license-plate number, a description of the car, and a
description of the man he had seen standing near the front door of his apartment. (2
RR at 22). Right away, he heard police sirens and saw a police car outside the
apartment complex. (2 RR at 23). Almost immediately, he received a phone call
from one of the police officers who had stopped the black car. (2 RR at 24). He
estimated that all of these events happened within two minutes. (2 RR at 24). The
police came to his apartment and then took him to the station to make a statement.
(2 RR at 27).
At the police station, Quijano identified the man he had seen standing in
front of his apartment. Quijano recognized both his clothing and physical
appearance. (2 RR at 28). Quijano remembered that the man wore “gym shorts and
sandals and socks.” (2 RR at 28). He said that the police did not try to unfairly
influence his identification. (2 RR at 49). A photograph of the person Quijano
identified was admitted as State’s Exhibit 10. (2 RR at 50). Quijano was confident
that his identification was accurate. (2 RR at 50). In the courtroom, Quijano
identified Hill as the same person he saw in front of his apartment and again at the
5
police station. (2 RR at 51). On cross examination, Quijano agreed that he didn’t
see Hill carrying any property. (2 RR at 57).
Sheila Meola is a San Antonio police officer. (2 RR at 62). On January 9,
2012, she heard a call for a burglary in progress. The dispatcher said a black Volvo
was involved, and provided the license-plate number and a description of the
suspect. (2 RR at 65). Meola was already very near the apartment complex on
Bandera Road. (2 RR at 64). She started to turn toward the apartments and saw the
black Volvo. (2 RR at 65). She pulled in front of the Volvo and stopped it. (2 RR at
66, 68). She saw mud on the tires and saw tracks where the driver had cut through
a muddy field near the apartment complex. (2 RR at 67). That was unusual. (2 RR
at 67).
Meola said the license plate number on the car differed from the number
given by the dispatcher by only one letter. (2 RR at 69). Meola removed the driver
from the black Volvo and handcuffed him. (2 RR at 70). He was black. (2 RR at
67). She didn’t realize that there was a passenger in the car until later because the
tint on the window was very dark. (2 RR at 70). She saw a flat-screen television in
the back seat. (2 RR at 70). A second officer, Officer Sandoval, arrived and
handcuffed the passenger. (2 RR at 71). Meola identified Hill in the courtroom as
the driver of the black Volvo. (2 RR at 72). After Hill and the passenger were
detained, Meola found a gym bag in the Volvo with a business-card attached to it.
6
(2 RR at 73). She called the person named on the card and learned that he lived in
the same apartment complex as Quijano. (2 RR at 74). Meola then took Hill to the
police station. (2 RR at 76).
Jordan Korphage was another resident of the apartment complex on
Bandera Road. (2 RR at 91). He lived in the apartment below Quijano. (2 RR at
94). On January 9, 2012, Korphage locked the apartment when he left and did not
give anyone permission to enter or take his property. (2 RR at 99-100). The police
called him shortly after noon that day. He returned to his apartment and met police
officers there. (2 RR at 93). He saw that his TV, some DVD’s, and a laptop
computer were missing. (2 RR at 93). There was mud on the carpet in the living
area and the door frame was broken as if the door had been kicked open. (2 RR at
93-94). The police recovered his TV, gym bag, and other property. (2 RR at 97).
Detective Augustin Garcia was dispatched to the burglary. (2 RR at 106).
He saw that Officers Meola and Sandoval had the suspects in the black Volvo
under control, so he went on to the apartment complex. (2 RR at 108). Garcia
spoke to Quijano and then saw that an apartment adjacent to his had been broken
into. (2 RR at 112). Garcia saw a “huge footprint” on the door. (2 RR at 113).
Quijano’s door also had a muddy footprint. (2 RR at 114, 122). Garcia took
photographs of footprints in the mud around the apartments. (2 RR at 117, 122).
He also took photographs of Hill’s sandals. (2 RR at 116). State’s Exhibits 51 and
7
52 show the tread pattern on the soles of the sandals. (2 RR at 122). Those exhibits
were admitted without objection. (2 RR at 123). Garcia believed that a detective
instructed him to take photographs of the shoeprints and the sandals because they
were the same shoes that left the prints at the crime scene. (2 RR at 122). 2
The State rested. (SRR at 12). Defense counsel’s motion for a directed
verdict was denied. (SRR at 20).
Detective Ronald Davis was Hill’s first witness. (SRR at 21). There were
two suspects: Hill and Patrick Freeman. (SRR at 22). Davis interviewed both of
them at the police station. (SRR at 31). He believed Freeman was involved in the
burglary, but he “just didn’t have the proof.” (SRR at 34). On cross examination
(by the prosecutor) Davis said that Hill did not deny that he had been in front of the
burglarized apartments, and did not deny that the black Volvo was his car. (3 RR at
8). Davis also said that Hill’s sandals made the shoe prints photographed at the
crime scene. (3 RR at 10).
Defense counsel wanted to call Patrick Freeman as a witness, but Mr.
Freeman invoked his Fifth Amendment right not to testify. (3 RR at 23). The
defense rested. (3 RR at 34). The State recalled Detective Davis. (3 RR at 35).
Davis made video recordings of his interviews with both Hill and Patrick Freeman.
2
State’s Exhibits 49 and 50 are photographs of the shoe prints found outside the burglarized
apartment. They were admitted without objection. (2 RR at 118).
8
(3 RR at 36). The video recording of the interview with Hill was admitted without
objection as State’s Exhibit 55A. (4 RR at 4).
The State and defense closed. (4 RR at 14). The trial court found Hill guilty
of the charged offense. (4 RR at 27).
Hill was sentenced by the trial court several weeks later, on February 24,
2015. (5 RR at 1). The punishment hearing was held in conjunction with the
probation-revocation hearing in cause number 2009CR10328, also a burglary
case.3 (5 RR at 4). Mr. Hill was sworn and told the trial court, “I had the stolen
property in my vehicle. It was in my vehicle. I never denied that.” (5 RR at 17).
But Hill denied committing the burglary. (5 RR at 17). On cross examination, Hill
also denied having anything to do with burglaries in Georgia. He said he agreed to
a sentence of “banishment” because he was told he was going to be charged with
other cases in Georgia as well. (5 RR at 22). Hill said he did not commit the
burglary that he was on probation for, in cause number 2009CR10328, but “took
the [deferred-adjudication] probation to avoid the conviction.” (5 RR at 26). He did
admit that he possessed stolen property. (5 RR at 27). Hill said he was not guilty of
any of the burglaries that he had been charged with, neither in Georgia nor in
Bexar County. (5 RR at 28).
3
The appeal from the burglary conviction in cause number 2009CR10328 is now pending before
the Fourth Court of Appeals of Texas in cause number 04-15-00164-CR, styled LeAndre V. Hill
v. The State of Texas.
9
The trial court sentenced Hill to six years of imprisonment in this case with a
$2,500 fine. The trial court gave Hill “credit for the time that you’ve served,” and
ran the sentence concurrent with the two-year sentence imposed in cause number
2009CR10328. (5 RR at 35). The judgment states that Hill had exactly one day of
time credited for prior incarceration, on January 10, 2012. (SCR at 3). This appeal
follows.
10
Summary of the Argument
Issue for Review (Summarized):
Hill was sentenced in both this case and a second burglary case, cause
number 2009CR10328, in a single proceeding. (5 RR at 4). The judgment in cause
number 2009CR10328 shows that Hill was incarcerated from April 8, 2012 to
March 18, 2014. Yet that period of incarceration was omitted from the judgment in
this case. Because Hill is entitled to back-time credit for all time he spent in jail
prior to sentencing, this Court should take judicial notice of the judgment from
cause number 2009CR10328 (because it is a related proceeding with the same
parties) and modify the judgment in this case to reflect that Hill should receive
back-time credit for all the time that he was incarcerated before he was sentenced.
11
Argument and Authorities
Issue for Review (Restated)
The judgment should be corrected to give Hill credit
on his sentence for all of the time that he remained in
custody until he was sentenced.
In his sole issue for review, Hill asserts that the judgment should be
corrected to show that the trial court awarded back-time credit for the period from
April 8, 2012 to March 18, 2014, when Hill was physically confined in the county
jail in this case before sentencing.
Applicable law:
Pursuant to Article 42.03, Section 2(a), a defendant is entitled to credit for
all time spent “in jail for the case.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 42.03 §
2(a)(1) (West Supp. 2015); see Ex parte Bynum, 772 S.W.2d 113, 114 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1989) (“It is settled that an individual is entitled to all time spent in jail ‘on
said cause.’”). “The trial court is required to grant the [defendant] pre-sentence jail
time credit when [the] sentence is pronounced.” See Ex parte Ybarra, 149 S.W.3d
147, 148 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004).
This Court has held that “[t]he preferred practice is for the trial court to
award pre-sentence time credit and for the trial court to correct any errors in the
amount of time credit awarded by judgment nunc pro tunc.” In re L.G.G., 398
S.W.3d 852, 863 (Tex. App.––Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.). But “…an appellate
12
court ordinarily has the power to correct a clerical error in a judgment when the
evidence necessary to correct the judgment appears in the record on direct appeal.
As such, the appellate court is permitted to correct the clerical error in the amount
of time credit awarded, notwithstanding the fact that no motion for judgment nunc
pro tunc was filed in the trial court.” Id. (internal citation omitted).
Factual background:
The punishment hearing in this case was held in conjunction with the
probation-revocation hearing in cause number 2009CR10328 (which is also a
burglary case), in a single proceeding. (5 RR at 4). The trial court pronounced
sentence in the two cases as follows:
2009CR10328:
The trial court revoked deferred-adjudication probation in cause number
2009CR10328, found Hill guilty of the burglary charged in that case. (5 RR at 34).
The trial court pronounced sentence as follows: “I assess punishment at two years’
confinement in a state jail facility; grant you credit for all the time you’ve served;
run it concurrent with 2012-CR-9686; pronounce your sentence as satisfied.” (5
RR at 34).
2012CR9686:
The trial court pronounced sentence in this case as follows: “I assess
punishment at six years’ confinement in the Texas Department of Corrections,
13
Institutional Division; assess a fine of $2500; grant you credit for the time that
you’ve served. I’ll run it concurrent with 2009-CR-10328.” (5 RR at 35).
The judgment should be modified to include the omitted back-time credit:
The judgment in this case recites that Hill was incarcerated for only one day
(on January 10, 2012) before he was sentenced. (SCR at 3). Yet the judgment in
cause number 2009CR10328 shows that Hill was also incarcerated from April 8,
2012 to March 18, 2014.4 By reference to the judgment in cause number
2009CR10328, Hill has provided this Court with “sufficient information” to
calculate the back-time credit that should have been included in the judgment in
this case. Because Hill is entitled to back-time credit for the entire time he was in
custody before sentencing, the judgment should be amended to show that Hill was
also in custody from April 8, 2012 to March 18, 2014. See In re L.G.G., 398
S.W.3d at 864 (modifying trial court’s transfer order in a juvenile prosecution to
award erroneously omitted back-time credit because record included “sufficient
4
Hill asserts that this Court may take judicial notice of the judgment in cause number
2009CR10328 because that case involves the same parties as the instant case, and because the
trial court pronounced sentence in both cases in a single proceeding. TEX. R. EVID. 201; but cf.
Turner v. State, 733 S.W.2d 218, 223 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987)(en banc) (“…although an
appellate court may take judicial notice of its own records in the same or related proceedings
involving same or nearly same parties, [internal citations omitted] the general rule is that an
appellate court cannot go to the record of another case for the purpose of considering testimony
found there but not shown in the record case before it.”). The judgment from cause number
2009CR10328 is part of the clerk’s record in case number 04-15-00164-CR, currently pending in
the Fourth Court of Appeals of Texas. It is also provided as an appendix to this brief.
14
information” to determine the exact amount of time that should have been
awarded).
15
Conclusion and Prayer for Relief
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Appellant prays that the
judgment be reformed to give him credit for the entire time that he spent in jail
prior to sentencing, and prays for all other relief to which he is entitled.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Richard B. Dulany, Jr.
____________________________
RICHARD B. DULANY, JR.
Texas Bar No. 06196400
Assistant Public Defender
Bexar County Public Defender’s Office
101 W. Nueva St., Suite 370
San Antonio, Texas 78205
(210) 335-0701
FAX (210) 335-0707
richard.dulany@bexar.org
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Certificate of Service
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing Appellant’s
Brief has been delivered electronically to the Bexar County District Attorney’s
Office, Appellate Division, Paul Elizondo Tower, 101 W. Nueva St., Suite 710,
San Antonio, Texas 78205, on August 17, 2015.
/s/ Richard B. Dulany, Jr.
____________________________________
RICHARD B. DULANY, JR.
16
Appendix: Judgment Adjudicating Guilt, Cause Number 2009CR10328
17