Reverse and Remand; Opinion Filed October 20, 2016.
In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-16-00389-CV
LIBERTY FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK, Appellant
V.
2908 LOVERS LANE ENTERPRISES, LLC; SAEED MAHBOUBI; AND JAFAR
MAHBOUBI, Appellees
On Appeal from the 101st Judicial District Court
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. DC-16-00946
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Lang, Myers, and Evans
Opinion by Justice Lang
In this accelerated interlocutory appeal, appellant Liberty Federal Savings Bank (the
“Bank”) challenges the trial court’s order granting a temporary injunction in a lawsuit brought by
appellees 2908 Lovers Lane Enterprises, LLC (“2908 LLE”); Saeed Mahboubi (“S. Mahboubi”);
and Jafar Mahboubi (“J. Mahboubi”) (collectively, “plaintiffs” or “appellees”). The temporary
injunction enjoins the Bank from foreclosing on certain real property prior to trial of the lawsuit.
In three issues on appeal, the Bank contends the trial court abused its discretion by
granting the temporary injunction because (1) the temporary injunction fails to comply with
Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 683 and is therefore void, see TEX. R. CIV. P. 683; (2) appellees
“did not prove irreparable harm”; and (3) “under fundamental principles of equity, appellees are
not entitled to injunctive relief.”
We decide the Bank’s first issue in its favor. Consequently, we need not reach the
Bank’s other issues. We reverse the trial court’s order granting the temporary injunction,
dissolve the temporary injunction, and remand the case to the trial court for further proceedings.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL CONTEXT
S. Mahboubi and his father, J. Mahboubi, are members of 2908 LLE. In January 2009,
2908 LLE obtained a construction loan of more than $1,000,000.00 from the Bank to build a new
house on property located at 2908 Lovers Lane in Dallas, Texas (“the property”). The
promissory note underlying that loan was secured by a deed of trust lien on the property. Also,
S. Mahboubi signed a personal guaranty as to that promissory note. Subsequently, in May 2009,
the Bank lent an additional amount to 2908 LLE for completion of the project. The promissory
note respecting that loan was secured in the same manner as the promissory note pertaining to
the prior loan.
The house was completed in October 2009 and listed for sale, but no offers were
received. In approximately December 2009, the Mahboubi family began living in the house.
They have resided there continuously since that that time without paying any rent to the owner,
2908 LLE.
On approximately January 12, 2016, the Bank sent a “Notice of Maturity and
Foreclosure” to 2908 LLE and S. Mahboubi respecting both loans described above. Appellees
filed this lawsuit against the Bank on January 27, 2016. In their petition, they asserted claims for
breach of contract, fraud, misrepresentation, and wrongful foreclosure. Additionally, the petition
included an application for a temporary injunction. That application stated in part, “Plaintiffs
have no adequate remedy at law due to the nature of the injury since it affects unique real
property that is Saeed and Jafar Mahboubi’s home.” Further, attached to the application as an
exhibit was an affidavit of S. Mahboubi in which he stated in part, “Plaintiffs have no adequate
–2–
remedy at law due to the nature of the injury since it affects unique real property that is my
home, the home of my father and my family.” The Bank filed a general denial answer.
Following a hearing on appellees’ application for a temporary injunction, the trial court
signed the temporary injunction order described above. Therein, the trial court stated in part,
Based upon the sworn pleadings filed by the Plaintiffs, the arguments of counsel
and the evidence presented at the hearing, the Court finds and concludes as
follows:
A. Plaintiffs will suffer immediate and irreparable harm unless the
Defendant is enjoined . . . from directly or indirectly, engaging in the
following acts:
a. Taking any actions to foreclose on the property located at 2908
Lovers Lane, Dallas, Texas.
B. Plaintiffs have a likelihood of prevailing on the merits; no legitimate
harm or prejudice will result to Defendant by granting the requested
injunctive relief given the immediate and irreparable harm that could
result. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law due to the nature of the
injury since it affects the home where the Plaintiffs reside.
This appeal timely followed.
II. COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 683
A. Standard of Review
The decision to grant or deny a temporary injunction is within the trial court’s discretion,
and we will not reverse that decision absent a clear abuse of discretion. See, e.g., Indep. Capital
Mgmt., L.L.C. v. Collins, 261 S.W.3d 792, 795 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) (citing
Butnaru v. Ford Motor Co., 84 S.W.3d 198, 204 (Tex. 2002)).
B. Applicable Law
To be entitled to a temporary injunction, an applicant must plead and prove (1) a cause of
action against the defendant; (2) a probable right to the relief sought; and (3) a probable,
imminent, and irreparable injury in the interim. Butnaru, 84 S.W.3d at 204; El Tacaso, Inc. v.
Jireh Star, Inc., 356 S.W.3d 740, 743 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.); Indep. Capital Mgmt.,
–3–
261 S.W.3d at 794; Freedom LHV, LLC v. IFC White Rock, Inc., No. 05-15-01528-CV, 2016
WL 3548012, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 28, 2016, pet. filed) (mem. op.); see TEX. CIV.
PRAC. & REM. CODE § 65.011 (West 2008)). For purposes of a temporary injunction, an injury is
irreparable if the injured party cannot be adequately compensated in damages or if the damages
cannot be measured by any certain pecuniary standard. El Tacaso, 356 S.W.3d at 743. “The
general rule at equity is that before injunctive relief can be obtained, it must appear that there
does not exist an adequate remedy at law.” Id. at 744 (quoting Butnaru, 84 S.W.3d at 210).
In relevant part, rule 683 requires every order granting a temporary injunction to state the
reasons for its issuance and to be specific in its terms. TEX. R. CIV. P. 683; Indep. Capital Mgmt.,
261 S.W.3d at 795. “[T]he obvious purpose of [rule 683] is to adequately inform a party of what
he is enjoined from doing and the reason why he is so enjoined.” El Tacaso, 356 S.W.3d at 744
(quoting Schulz v. Schulz, 478 S.W.2d 239, 244–45 (Tex. Civ. App.—Dallas 1972, no writ)). A
trial court’s order stating its reasons for granting a temporary injunction must be specific and
legally sufficient on its face and not merely conclusory. Id. “To comply with rule 683, a trial
court must set out in the temporary injunction order the reasons the court deems it proper to issue
the injunction, including the reasons why the applicant will suffer injury if the injunctive relief is
not ordered.” Id.
The requirements of rule 683 are mandatory and must be strictly followed. Id. at 745;
Indep. Capital Mgmt., 261 S.W.3d at 795. “Even if a sound reason for granting relief appears
elsewhere in the record, the Texas Supreme Court has stated in the strongest terms that rule of
civil procedure 683 is mandatory.” El Tacaso, 356 S.W.3d at 745. If a temporary injunction
order fails to comply with the requirements of rule 683, it is void. Id.; see also Indep. Capital
Mgmt., 261 S.W.3d at 795 (“A trial court abuses its discretion by issuing a temporary injunction
order that does not comply with the requirements of rule 683.”).
–4–
C. Application of Law to Facts
In its first issue, the Bank contends the temporary injunction order in question does not
comply with rule 683 because the order fails to specify “the reasons why the trial court found
Appellees were entitled to relief” and “how Appellees would be irreparably harmed in the
absence of injunctive relief.” Appellees respond in part,
The order clearly states that the harm would result due to the “nature of the injury
since it affects the home where the Plaintiffs reside.”
The threatened injury by Appellant was foreclosure of the home of
Appellees, and without the injunction, Appellant would have proceeded to
foreclose. The trial court clearly identified the reasons for the temporary
injunction: the harm from a foreclosure is irreparable. The court recognized in the
temporary injunction that the Appellees reside in the home, and the injury that
would have occurred if the Appellant had been allowed to foreclose.
Additionally, appellees’ appellate brief states in part (1) “[e]very piece of real estate is unique,
and foreclosure is an irreparable injury for which there is no adequate remedy at law” and (2)
“[e]ven where the real property is owned by an entity, the land purchaser is entitled to injunctive
relief due to the uniqueness of real property.”
The record shows the trial court’s temporary injunction order stated in part that plaintiffs
(1) “will suffer immediate and irreparable harm” if the request to enjoin foreclosure is not
granted and (2) “have no adequate remedy at law due to the nature of the injury since it affects
the home where the Plaintiffs reside.” As described above, the trial court was required to set out
in “specific” terms in the order “the reasons why the applicant will suffer injury if the injunctive
relief is not ordered.” El Tacaso, 356 S.W.3d at 744. However, the record shows the trial
court’s order in question “fails to identify” the irreparable harm appellees would suffer absent the
injunction. See Indep. Capital Mgmt., 261 S.W.3d at 796. Further, to the extent appellees argue
the trial court’s temporary injunction order should be construed as stating that appellees are
without adequate remedy at law due to the unique nature of real estate, the record shows the
–5–
order does not mention or address uniqueness at all, much less in “specific” terms. See El
Tacaso, 356 S.W.3d at 744; Indep. Capital Mgmt., 261 S.W.3d at 795.
We conclude the trial court’s temporary injunction order does not satisfy the
requirements of rule 683. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 683. Therefore, that order is void. See El Tacaso,
356 S.W.3d at 745.
We decide the Bank’s first issue in its favor.
III. CONCLUSION
We decide in favor of the Bank on its first issue. Therefore, we need not reach the
Bank’s remaining issues.
We reverse the order of the trial court, dissolve the temporary injunction, and remand the
case to the trial court for further proceedings.
/Douglas S. Lang/
DOUGLAS S. LANG
JUSTICE
160389F.P05
–6–
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
LIBERTY FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK, On Appeal from the 101st Judicial District
Appellant Court, Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. DC-16-00946.
No. 05-16-00389-CV V. Opinion delivered by Justice Lang, Justices
Myers and Evans participating.
2908 LOVERS LANE ENTERPRISES,
LLC; SAEED MAHBOUBI; AND JAFAR
MAHBOUBI, Appellees
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, we REVERSE the trial court’s order
granting a temporary injunction, DISSOLVE the temporary injunction, and REMAND the case
to the trial court for further proceedings.
It is ORDERED that appellant Liberty Federal Savings Bank recover its costs of this
appeal from appellees 2908 Lovers Lane Enterprises, LLC; Saeed Mahboubi; and Jafar
Mahboubi.
Judgment entered this 20th day of October, 2016.
–7–