J-A10031-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
THOMAS R. MILLER IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
COLLEEN H. MILLER
Appellant No. 797 WDA 2015
Appeal from the Order April 20, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Civil Division at No(s): FD-09-002320-016
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., and PANELLA, J.
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED OCTOBER 27, 2016
Appellant, Colleen H. Miller (“Wife”), challenges the order entered in
the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas, as made final by the entry of
a divorce decree on July 2, 2015.1 We affirm.
The trial court sets forth the relevant facts and procedural history of
this case as follows:
Wife and [Appellee] Thomas Miller (“Husband”) were
married on June 24, 1972, and separated on October 30,
____________________________________________
1
A pre-divorce decree order is interlocutory and unappealable before the
court enters a divorce decree. Campbell v. Campbell, 516 A.2d 363, 365-
66 (Pa.Super. 1986), appeal denied, 515 Pa. 598, 528 A.2d 955 (1987).
When Wife filed her notice of appeal challenging the orders dated January
30, 2015, and April 20, 2015, the court had not yet entered a final divorce
decree. Therefore, Wife’s notice of appeal when filed was technically
premature. Id. The subsequent entry of the divorce decree on July 2,
2015, however, rendered both orders ripe for appellate review. Id.
J-A10031-16
2007. Wife filed a Complaint in Support on April 20, 2009.
Husband filed a Complaint in Divorce on May 5, 2009.
Wife filed a Petition Raising Claims for alimony pendente
lite (“APL”), alimony and preservation of life and medical
insurance policies on September 17, 2009. In response to
a Motion presented by Wife, the [c]ourt ordered on
September 22, 2009, that the parties evenly split income
from marital rental properties and Husband’s military
pension during the pendency of the action. On October
27, 2009, Wife was granted a $20,000 advance for
litigation costs. On February 24, 2010, the [c]ourt issued
an order prohibiting both parties from dissipating marital
assets. Both parties were granted a $20,000 advance
against equitable distribution per Order of the[c]ourt dated
August 30, 2010. The [c]ourt referred the case to Master
Miller for a three (3) day trial to address all outstanding
issues on December 17, 2010. The parties underwent
extensive discovery and presented several discovery-
related motions to the [c]ourt. An equitable distribution
hearing was held before Master Miller on May 9, 10, 11,
and 12, 2011. The transcript shows that on May 12,
2011[,] the parties discontinued the hearing prematurely,
as they anticipated settling the case or continuing the
hearing in September 2011.
The parties did not return for additional testimony before
Master Miller. On January 28, 2012, the parties signed a
“Binding Mediation Agreement” (“BMA”). What the parties
agreed to by signing that document is an issue in this
appeal…. In the BMA the parties named Dr. Joseph
Besselman as their “Mediator.” The process that occurred
during the following two (2) years is disputed…. Dr.
Besselman produced a “Mediation Settlement Agreement”
(“MSA”) outlining a resolution to the parties’ disputed
claims. Dr. Besselman and Husband signed the agreement
on June 6, 2014. Wife did not sign the agreement.[2] On
____________________________________________
2
After accepting comments from the parties, Dr. Besselman sent the parties
a revised MSA on June 27, 2014. Wife did not sign the revised agreement
either. Nevertheless, in the parties’ initial BMA, they agreed to submit the
matter to binding arbitration and that the MSA would become final/binding
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
-2-
J-A10031-16
July 29, 2014, Husband filed a Motion for Entry of Final
Decree in Divorce and Equitable Distribution Order wherein
he sought to have the MSA enforced. Both parties
submitted briefs to the [c]ourt regarding the enforceability
of the MSA. The [c]ourt held a conciliation on the matter
on September 22, 2014. Oral argument on the issue was
held on January 30, 2015, and a fact-finding hearing was
held on April 13, 2015. On April 20, 2015, the [c]ourt
issued an Order holding that:
1. Wife failed to show that her signature on the BMA
had been obtained fraudulently.
2. The BMA was enforceable.
3. Wife failed to show fraud, misconduct, corruption
or other such irregularity in the arbitration
process which caused the arbitrator to render
such an unjust, inequitable and unconscionable
award so as to make the award unenforceable.
4. Wife failed to show that any issues resolved in the
MSA were outside the scope of arbitration agreed
to by the parties.
5. The MSA was enforceable.
(Trial Court Opinion, filed on July 21, 2015, at 1-3) (citations to record
omitted). On May 18, 2015, Wife filed a notice of appeal challenging the
court’s orders of January 30, 2015, and April 20, 2015. By order entered
May 22, 2015, the court directed Wife to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b); and Wife complied
on June 9, 2015. The court entered a divorce decree on July 2, 2015, which
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
on the parties within 14 days of Dr. Besselman’s signature on the MSA,
regardless of whether either party failed to sign it.
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incorporated but did not merge the MSA.3
Wife raises the following issues for our review:
WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW
AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT DETERMINED
THAT THE ARBITRATOR POSSESSED AUTHORITY TO MAKE
BINDING AWARDS ON THE ISSUES OF ALIMONY AND
SUPPORT WHERE THOSE MATTERS WERE OMITTED AND
NOT OTHERWISE IDENTIFIED IN THE [BMA] SIGNED BY
THE PARTIES.
WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW
OR ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY FAILING TO SET ASIDE
OR OTHERWISE VACATE THE DECISION OF THE
ARBITRATOR ON THE GROUNDS OF IRREGULARITY AND
LACK OF DUE PROCESS SINCE THE ARBITRATOR NEVER
CONDUCTED A HEARING, IDENTIFIED THE ISSUES TO BE
ARBITRATED OR NOTIFIED THE PARTIES OF HIS
INTENTION TO ISSUE A FINAL RULING UPON THE ISSUES
ALLEGEDLY SUBMITTED TO HIM.
WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW
OR ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY FAILING TO SET ASIDE
OR OTHERWISE VACATE THE DECISION OF THE
ARBITRATOR BECAUSE OF FRAUD PURSUANT TO THE
FACTS ADDUCED AT THE HEARING WHICH PROVED THAT
[WIFE], SIGNED THE [BMA] WITH THE KNOWLEDGE AND
EXPECTATION THAT THE ARBITRATOR WOULD BE UNABLE
TO MAKE ANY BINDING DECISION AS TO MATTERS OF
ALIMONY AND SUPPORT.
(Wife’s Brief at 3-4).
____________________________________________
3
The divorce decree in part states: “The Binding Arbitration Agreement
executed on July 9, 2014, shall be incorporated but not merged into this
Decree for the limited purposes of enforcement and not modification”
(emphasis added). We think the court meant to incorporate but not merge
the MSA into the decree, because the MSA was the agreement made final in
July 2014. The court might well consider amending the decree nunc pro
tunc to specify the MSA as incorporated but not merged into the divorce
decree.
-4-
J-A10031-16
Review of a common law arbitration award is set forth in Subchapter B
of Pennsylvania’s Uniform Arbitration Act as follows:
§ 7341. Common law arbitration
The award of an arbitrator in a nonjudicial arbitration
which is not subject to Subchapter A (relating to statutory
arbitration) or a similar statute regulating nonjudicial
arbitration proceedings is binding and may not be vacated
or modified unless it is clearly shown that a party was
denied a hearing or that fraud, misconduct, corruption or
other irregularity caused the rendition of an unjust,
inequitable or unconscionable award.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 7341. “The arbitrators are the final judges of both law and
fact, and an arbitration award is not subject to a reversal for a mistake of
either.” Garango v. Terminix Intern. Co., L.P., 784 A.2d 188, 193
(Pa.Super. 2001) (internal citations and quotes omitted). Thus, neither the
appellate court “nor the trial court may retry the issues addressed in
arbitration or review the tribunal’s disposition of the merits of the case.”
F.J. Busse Co., Inc., v. Sheila Zipporah, L.P., 879 A.2d 809, 811
(Pa.Super. 2005), appeal denied, 587 Pa. 694, 897 A.2d 457 (2006)
(quoting McKenna v. Sosso, 745 A.2d 1, 4 (Pa.Super. 1999), appeal
denied, 563 Pa. 677, 759 A.2d 924 (2000)). “Rather, we must confine our
review to whether the appellant was deprived of a hearing or whether fraud,
misconduct, corruption or other irregularity tainted the award.” McKenna,
supra at 4 (internal quotations omitted).
In the context of common law arbitration, “irregularity refers to the
process employed in reaching the result of the arbitration, not to the result
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J-A10031-16
itself.” Garango, supra. “Our Supreme Court has stated that the phrase
‘other irregularity’ in the process employed imports ‘such bad faith,
ignorance of the law and indifference to the justice of the result’ as would
cause a court to vacate an arbitration award.” F.J. Busse Co., Inc., supra
(citing Allstate Ins. Co. v. Fioravanti, 451 Pa. 108, 299 A.2d 585 (1973)).
In most cases where an irregularity is alleged, our
appellate courts have denied relief. See, e.g., Runewicz
v. Keystone Ins. Co., [476 Pa. 456, 383 A.2d 189
(1978)] ([holding where] appellant alleged arbitrator’s
award contradicted insurance policy language [there was]
no irregularity even though award patently at odds with
contract); Hain v. Keystone Ins. Co., 326 A.2d 526, 527
([Pa.Super.] 1974) ([stating:] “While the damages granted
in this case may have been at variance with the language
of [the insurance policy], we do not believe that the award
meets the Fioravanti criteria for vacating an arbitration
decision”). Compare Paugh v. Nationwide Ins. Co.,
420 A.2d 452 ([Pa.Super.] 1980) ([holding] irregularity
found when plaintiffs kept pertinent testimony from
arbitrators, therefore precluding arbitrators from
fashioning award limiting plaintiffs’ possible double
recovery).
Chervenak, Keane & Co. (CKC Associates) v. Hotel Rittenhouse
Associates, Inc., 477 A.2d 482, 485 (Pa.Super. 1984). “In addition, as the
arbitrator’s authority is restricted to the powers the parties have granted
[him] in the arbitration agreement, we may examine whether the common
law arbitrator exceeded the scope of his authority.” Garango, supra.
Nevertheless,
[T]he law favors non-judicial dispute resolution that the
parties have agreed to. [Alternative] dispute resolution is
economical in terms of time, expenditure of judicial
resources and transactional costs. Limited judicial review
-6-
J-A10031-16
also imposes finality in a contested matter. To permit
anything but limited judicial review defeats the purpose
of…arbitration.
F.J. Busse Co., Inc., supra at 811. Thus, every presumption favors the
validity of the arbitration award. Reinhart v. State Auto. Ins. Ass’n, 363
A.2d 1138 (Pa.Super. 1976). In other words, as a general rule “[a]rbitration
agreements are declared by statute to be ‘valid, enforceable and
irrevocable[.]’” U.S. Claims, Inc. v. Dougherty, 914 A.2d 874, 878
(Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 593 Pa. 729, 928 A.2d 1291 (2007) (citing
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 7303). Therefore, “[j]udicial review of a common law
arbitration award is very narrow.” Vogt v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 900
A.2d 912, 919 (Pa.Super. 2006).
After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the
applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Donald R.
Walko, Jr., we conclude Wife’s issues on appeal merit no relief. The trial
court opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the
questions presented. (See Trial Court Opinion, filed July 21, 2015, at 4-16)
(finding: text of parties’ BMA shows that both parties intended to be bound
by result of process; Wife’s contention that parties did not intend to engage
in common law arbitration is at odds with document she signed; parties
agreed to participate in common law arbitration and were therefore bound
by its result; as to scope of arbitration agreement, full scope of agreement
remained unknown by design; Paragraph 6 of BMA empowered arbitrator to
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J-A10031-16
submit MSA to court to obtain final resolution of parties’ divorce; parties'
divorce could not be finally resolved if issues remained outstanding; in MSA,
arbitrator rendered decisions on all outstanding issues, including APL and
alimony; scope of BMA as whole was ambiguous; parties’ testimony on their
intent and circumstances surrounding execution of BMA was necessary for
court to determine scope of BMA; court, therefore, held fact-finding hearing;
court's decision to hear evidence and testimony on scope of BMA was
proper; Wife cites no authority to support her contention that
alimony/APL/support were outside scope of BMA; Wife also presented her
claim for alimony to arbitrator; court declared Wife’s testimony on scope of
BMA was incredible; Husband testified that he understood BMA put all issues
pending in parties’ divorce case into arbitration; court found Husband’s
testimony on this point credible; Wife offers nothing to justify invalidating
MSA award because arbitrator specifically selected by parties was not legally
trained; likewise, court rejected Wife’s due process claim, where law permits
parties to waive formal arbitration hearing, and Wife’s positions on alimony,
support and APL were sent to arbitrator via emails, which she did not
challenge as either rejected or undelivered; Wife’s allegations of inequity in
MSA award consisted of unsupported allegations and approximations, which
was sufficient evidence that she was unhappy with award but not that it was
“inequitable”; Wife also failed to show arbitration process was conducted
with unfair bias or fraud favoring Husband, or with any irregularity or
-8-
J-A10031-16
mistake, sufficient to invalidate MSA; based on evidence presented, BMA and
MSA must stand).4 Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the trial court
opinion.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/27/2016
____________________________________________
4
Additionally, in her brief, Wife contends the BMA is unenforceable because:
(1) the parties did not have a meeting of the minds when they executed the
BMA; (2) the BMA is the product of Husband’s fraudulent conduct; and (3)
the BMA is unconscionable. Wife also asserts in her brief the arbitration
procedure was improper for several additional reasons. Specifically, Wife
avers she did not receive notice of Husband’s positions and the disputed
issues Husband submitted to Dr. Besselman. Wife alleges she was unaware
Dr. Besselman permitted Husband to make corrections to the first draft of
the MSA. Wife also maintains Dr. Besselman was biased in favor of Husband
because the two were former colleagues and friends. Further, Wife claims
there is no evidence Dr. Besselman considered Husband’s possible
improprieties. Wife failed to specifically raise these challenges to the BMA
and the arbitration process in her Rule 1925(b) statement. Therefore, Wife
has waived these issues for purposes of appeal. See Lineberger v. Wyeth,
894 A.2d 141, 148-49 (Pa.Super. 2006) (stating issues not raised in Rule
1925 statement will be deemed waived). See also Commonwealth v. Hill,
609 Pa. 410, 428, 16 A.3d 484, 494 (2011) (stating: “Rule 1925(b) waivers
may be raised by the appellate court sua sponte”); In re L.M., 923 A.2d
505 (Pa.Super. 2007) (applying Rule 1925 waiver standards in family law
context).
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Circulated 10/13/2016 03:24 PM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
FAMILY DIVISION
No: FD 09-002320-016
THOMAS R. MILLER, Superior Court No.: 797 WDA 2015
Plaintiff, OPINION
v. BY:
Honorable Donald R. Walko, Jr.
COLLEEN H. MILLER, 706 City-County Building
414 Grant Street
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Defendant.
Copies to:
Qounsel for Plaintiff:
Brian Vertz, Esquire
Pollock Begg Komar Glasser & Vertz, LLC
43 7 Grant Street, Suite 501
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
Counsel for Defendant:
Margie Hammer, Esquire
Brad R. Korinski, Esquire
Lieber Hammer Huber & Bennington, P.C.
5528 Walnut Street
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
THOMAS R. MILLER,
FAMILY DIVISION
Plaintiff,
Docket No.: FD 09-002320-016
v.
Superior Court No.: 797 WDA 2015
COLLEEN H. MILLER,
Defendant.
OPINION
WALKO,J. July 20, 2015
Defendant Colleen Miller ("Wife") appeals this Court's January 30, 2015 Order of Court.
For the reasons set forth in this Opinion, the Order of Court should be affirmed.
BACKGROUND & PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Wife and Plaintiff Thomas Miller ("Husband») were married on June 24, 1972 and
separated on October 30, 2007. Wife filed a Complaint in Support on April 20, 2009. Husband
filed a Complaint in Divorce on May 5, 2009. Wife filed a Petition Raising Claims for alimony
pendente lite C'APU'), alimony and preservation of life and medical insurance policies on
September 1 7, 2009. In response to a Motion presented by Wife, the Court ordered on September
22, 2009 that the parties evenly split income from marital rental properties and Husband's
military pension during the pendency of the action. On October 27, 2009 Wife was granted a
$20,000 advance for litigation costs. On February 24, 20 lO the Court issued an order prohibiting
both parties from dissipating marital assets. Both parties were granted a $20,000 advance against
1
equitable distribution per Order of Court dated August 30, 20l0. The Court referred the case to
Master Miller for a three (3) day trial to address all outstanding issues on December 17, 2010.
The parties underwent extensive discovery and presented several discovery-related motions to
the Court. An equitable distribution hearing was held before Master Miller on May 9, 10, l 1, and
l2, 20 l l. The transcript shows that on May 12, 2011 the parties discontinued the hearing
prematurely, as they anticipated settling the case or continuing the hearing in September 20 l I.
Tr. Part 4 at 79-86.
The parties did not return for additional testimony before Master Miller. On January 28,
2012, the parties signed a "Binding Mediation Agreement" ("BMA"). What the parties agreed to
by signing that document is an issue in this appeal and will be discussed infra. In the BMA the
parties named Dr. Joseph Besselman as their "Mediator." The process that occurred during the
following two (2) years is disputed and will be discussed infra. Dr. Besselman produced a
"Mediation Settlement Agreement» ("MSA") outlining a resolution to the parties disputed
claims. Dr. Besselman and Husband signed the agreement on June 6, 2014. Wife did not sign the
agreement. On July 29, 2014 Husband filed a Motion for Entry of Final Decree in Divorce and
Equitable Distribution Order wherein he sought to have the MSA enforced. Both parties
submitted briefs to the Court regarding the enforceability of the MSA. The Court held a
conciliation on the matter on September 22, 2014. Oral argument on the issue was held on
January 30, 2015 and a fact-finding hearing was held on April 13, 2015. On April 20, 20 is the
Court issued an Order holding that:
l. Wife failed to show that her signature on the BMA had been
obtained fraudulently.
2. The BMA was enforceable.
2
3. Wife failed to show fraud, misconduct, corruption or other such
irregularity in the arbitration process which caused the arbitrator
to render such an unjust, inequitable and unconscionable award
so as to make the award unenforceable.
4. Wife failed to show that any issues resolved in the MSA were
outside the scope of arbitration agreed to by the parties.
5. The MSA was enforceable.
Wife timely filed a Notice of Appeal of the Court's April 20, 2015 Order of Court on
May 20, 2015. On June 17, 2015 the Court denied Wife's Motion for Reconsideration of the
April 20, 2015 Order of Court.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Superior Court has plenary review of issues of contract interpretation. "The proper
interpretation of a contract is a question of law and [the appellate court's] scope of review is
plenary. [The appellate court] need not defer to the conc]usions of the trial court and are free to
draw their own inferences. In interpreting a contract, the ultimate goal is to ascertain and give
effect to the intent of the parties as reasonably manifested by the language of their written
agreement." Liddle v. Scholze, 768 A.2d 1183, 1185 (Pa.Super. 2001) (citations omitted).
Where contract interpretation requires questions of fact to be ruled upon preliminarily,
the fact and credibility findings of the trial court "will not be disturbed [by the appellate court]
absent an abuse of discretion, a capricious disbelief of the evidence, or a lack of evidentiary
support on the record for the findings." Lilly v. Markvan, 563 Fa. 553, 763 A.2d 370, 372 (2000)
(quoting Masloff v. Port Auth. of Allegheny County, 531 Pa. 416, 613 A.2d 1186, 1188 (1992)).
DISCUSSION
Wife listed nineteen (19) issues in her Concise Statement of Matters Complained of on
3
Appeal. Most of what is contained in Wife's Concise Statement is argument for her position. The
Court understands Wife's issues as follows:
l. The Court erred in its Order of Court dated January 30, 2015
when it held that the parties agreed to participate in common
law arbitration and were therefore bound by the result.
2. The Court erred by hearing evidence and testimony pertaining to
whether issues of alimony, support or APL were within the
scope of arbitration because those issues were not raised in the
BMA.
3. The Court erred by finding that issues of support, alimony, and
alimony pendente lite ("APL") were within the scope of the
BMA.
4. The Court erred by assigning Wife the burden to prove that
support, APL and alimony were not within the scope of the
BMA.
5. The Court erred by finding that the process the parties
underwent was sufficient to constitute common law arbitration.
6. The Court erred by failing to set aside the Mediation Settlement
Agreement ("MSA") due to fraud, irregularity, bias, mistake,
and/or abuse of discretion.
7. The Court erred by upholding the MSA's finding that Husband
had overpaid alimony pendente lite when no Petition to Modify
alimony pendente lite had been filed and the issue was therefore
not properly before the Court.
The Court properly concluded that the pal'ties agreed to. ..n.articipate in binding common
law arbitration.
(Matter 1 Complained of on Appeal)
Wife argues that the Court erred in holding that the parties agreed to be bound by the
results of their arbitration with Dr. Besse Iman. In her arguments before this Court, Wife relied
heavily on the fact that the BMA includes the word "mediation" several times and does not
include the word "arbitration."
4
Black's Law Dictionary provides the following pertinent definitions:
mediation. A method of nonbinding dispute resolution involving
a neutral third patty who tries to help the disputing parties reach a
mutually agreeable solution; conciliation.
arbitration. A dispute-resolution process in which the disputing
parties choose one or more neutral third parties to make a final and
binding decision resolving the dispute. The parties to the dispute
may choose a third party directly by mutual agreement, or
indirectly, such as by agreeing to have an arbitration organization
select the third patty. - Also termed (redundantly) binding
arbitration.
The law of contracts governs the determination of whether a valid agreement to arbitrate
exists. Huegel v. Mifflin Const. Co. Inc., 196 A.2d 350, 354 (Pa.Super, 2002). "It is ... well
established that under the law of contracts, in interpreting an agreement, the court must ascertain
the intent of the parties. In cases of a written contract, the intent of the parties is the writing itself.
If left undefined, the words of a contract are to be given their ordinary meaning." Kripp v. Kripp,
578 Pa. 82, 90 (2004) (citations omitted). ''No technical or formal words are necessary to
constitute a reference of a controversy to arbitration, but it must clearly appear that the intention
of the parties was to submit their differences to a tribunal and be bound by the decision reached
by that body on deliberation." Scholler Bros. v. Otto A. C. Hagen C01p., 44 A.2d 321, 322
(Pa.Super. 1945) (citations omitted). If parties do not explicitly agree to participate in statutory
arbitration, common law arbitration rules apply. Gentile v. Weiss, 477 A.2d 544, 546 (Pa.Super.
1984).
The BMA repeatedly uses the word "mediate" when describing the process to which the
parties are agreeing. The BMA does not include an explicit definition for "mediation." Wife
argues that the parties understood "mediation" as non-binding alternative dispute resolution.
Husband contends that the parties understood "mediation" to mean alternative dispute resolution
5
that produced binding results. The following parts of the BMA discuss the definition of
"mediation" to which the parties intended to agree:
To save time and expense in having the matters reserved for
determination resolved, the parties have agreed to submit such
matters to a mutually agreeable Mediator and be bound by the
determinations made by the mediator.
The Mediator shall produce a Mediation Settlement Agreement
that documents all issues and the resolution that was reached
during the Mediation process. Both Parties shall sign the
completed Mediation Settlement Agreement and present it to Judge
Donald R. Welke Jr. in the court of Common Pleas of Allegheny
County, Family Division, in the State of Pennsylvania, within 30
days of the Mediation process. [Handwritten: "Or Master Patricia
Miller"] [sic].
If the mediation efforts conclude without a total settlement
resolution on all disputed items, the Mediator, Dr. Joseph
Besselman, shall unilaterally write a Mediation Settlement
Agreement to reflect the successful resolution of all items. During
this writing, the Mediator shall unilaterally render a decision on
any of the disputed items that could not be resolved by the Parties
during the Mediation Process and document those decisions in the
Mediation Settlement Agreement. A "disputed item" could be an
Issue one or both parties have identified or chosen to ignore, or a
resolution could be that an Issue identified by one or both Parties is
not an Issue. Only the Mediator may legitimize an Issue after
identification by one or both of the Parties or the Mediator during
the Mediation Process. If any of the Parties fails to sign the
Mediation Settlement Agreement within J.4 days of the
Mediator signing the Mediation Settlement Agreement, that
Mediation Settlement Agreement shall be legaHy binding on
the Parties as a result of signing this Binding Mediation
Agreement. [sic]. [Both parties, initials appear directly below this
paragraph.]
If one or both Parties fail to sign the Mediation Settlement
Agreement, through the signing of the Binding Mediation
Agreement, both Parties have empowered the Mediator to submit
the Binding Mediation Agreement and the completed Mediation
Settlement Agreement to Judge Donald R. Walko Jr. for final
resolution of their divorce, Both Parties agree to reimburse the
Mediator for any filing fees. [Handwritten: "or Master Patricia
6
Miller"] [Both parties' initials appear directly below this
paragraph.]
Both parties initialed and signed the BMA and their signatures were notarized, There is
no dispute that the parties intended to submit their controversy to Dr. Besselman. As to the
binding nature of his decision, the intent of the parties can be gleaned from the writing. The
Court notes that the sentence indicating that the parties will be "legally bound" by Dr.
Besselman's decision should they fail to sign the MSA is emphasized in the original and both
parties initialed directly below it. The parties also initialed directly below the paragraph giving
Dr. Besselman authority to submit his decision to the Court should they fail to sign the MSA.
Despite the parties' improper use of the word "mediate," the text of the BMA clearly shows that
both parties intended to be bound by the result of the process. The BMA explicitly states that the
parties intended to submit their disputes to Dr. Besselman and be bound by his decision. Wife's
argument that the parties did not intend to engage in common law arbitration is at odds with the
document she signed. The Court's Order holding that the patties agreed to participate in common
law arbitration and were therefore bound by the result must stand.
The Court properly heard evidence related to the scone of th~e ~rbitration process.
(Matter 2 Complained of on Appeal)
Wife argues that it was improper for the Court to hold a fact-finding hearing to determine
whether alimony, APL and support were properly included in the arbitration process. Wife
contends that because alimony, APL, and support were not specifically mentioned in the BMA,
the Court did not have the authority to determine whether they were among the issues that the
parties agreed to submit to Dr. Besselman for a decision.
The Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure define requirements for appellate review
of a disputed issue. Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 302(a) states that any "[ijssues not
7
raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal." At the
hearing on April 13, 2014, Wife did not raise an objection to the proceeding. Wife testified first
at the hearing and offered testimony as to the scope of the BMA. Tr. at 11-12. Wife's objection
to the Court hearing testimony on the subject was first raised in her Concise Statement of Matters
Complained of on Appeal. Wife waived the issue by failing to raise it at the hearing.
If the Superior Court chooses to consider Wife's argument on the issue despite her
waiver, it should be denied on its merits.
In determining whether a dispute was within the scope of the parties' arbitration
agreement, the court must first determine whether the parties entered an agreement to arbitrate
and then determine whether the dispute falls within the arbitration agreement. See Scranton
Federation of Teachers v. Scranton School Dist., 445 A.2d 260, 262 (Cmwlth. 1982).
The issue of whether a dispute is one that is covered by the terms of the arbitration agreement is
one for the court to determine. Women's Soc. for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, of Pa. v.
American Arbitration. et al., 440 Pa. 34, 36 (1970). The Pennsylvania Superior Court has stated
that '' the scope of arbitration is determined by the intention of the patties as ascertained in
accordance with the rules governing contracts generally." Henning v. State Farm Mut. Auto. ins.
Co., 795 A.2d 994, 996 (Pa.Super. 2002) (citations and quotation marks omitted).
A contract term is ambiguous "if it is reasonably susceptible to different constructions
and capable of being understood in more than one sense" as applied to a particular set of facts.
Hutchinson v. Sunbeam Coal co., 513 Pa. 192, 201 ( 1986); Madison Constr. Co. v. Harleysville
Mut. Ins. Co., 557 Pa. 595, 606 (1999).To determine whether a contract provision is ambiguous,
a court must view the contract as a whole and not in discrete units. Bethlehem Steel Corp. v.
8
MA.TX. Inc., 703 A.2d 39, 42 (Pa. Super. 1997) (quoting Halpin v. LaSalle University, 639 A.2d
37, 39 (Pa.Super. 1994), appeal denied, 542 Pa. 670 (1995)). Further,
When contract language is ambiguous and the intention of the
parties cannot be ascertained from the writing alone, oral testimony
as to the intent of the parties and the circumstances attending the
execution of the contract can be considered. As fact-finder, the trial
court is the sole arbiter of the credibility and weight of the
evidence.
Beaver Dam Outdoors Club v. Hazleton City Auth., 944 A.2d 97, 104 (Pa. Commw, Ct. 2008)
(citations omitted).
The Court determined that the patties agreed to arbitration as discussed supra. As to the
scope of the agreement, the BMA did not include a list of issues to be submitted to the arbitrator.
The "statement" section of the BMA notes that the Court "reserved its authority to make a
determination with respect to the issues relating to marital property and counsel fees" and states
that the "parties have agree to submit such matters" to an arbitrator. Throughout the BMA, the
issues being presented to the arbitrator are referred to as "issues," "matters," and "items."
Paragraph 3 of the BMA provides a procedure wherein either party can raise issues to be put
before the arbitrator and empowers the arbitrator to independently raise issues for arbitration.
These terms suggest that the full scope of the agreement remained unknown at the time of the
BMA signing by design. Paragraph 6 of the BMA empowers the arbitrator to submit the MSA to
the Court in order to obtain a "final resolution of their divorce." The parties' divorce could not be
finally resolved if issues remained outstanding. In the MSA, the arbitrator rendered decisions on
many issues, including APL and alimony. At oral arguments on the issue, Wife argued that the
BMA only dealt with the issues of counsel fees and marital property while Husband argued that
the BMA covered all outstanding issues in the parties' divorce action.
9
The Court found that when considering the BMA as a whole, its scope was ambiguous.
The document itself is unclear as to whether only marital property and counsel fees, all pending
issues in the case, or only those issues which a party or the arbitrator raised were subject to
arbitration. The parties' testimony on the intent of the parties and circumstances surrounding the
execution of the contract were necessary for the Court to determine the scope of the BMA. The
Court, therefore, held a fact-finding hearing. The Court's decision to hear evidence and
testimony on the scope of the BMA was proper,
The Court properly held that alimony, alimony pendente lite, and support were included in
the scope of arbitration.
(Matter 3 Complained of on Appeal)
Wife argues that the Court improperly held that alimony, APL, and support were within
the scope of the BMA. The scope of an arbitration agreement is determined by using contract
principles. To determine the scope, the Court may consider the intent of the parties and the
circumstances surrounding the execution of the contract. Henning, '195 A.2d at 996. Further,
"[ujnder Pennsylvania law, with its favorable policy towards arbitration, doubts as to whether an
arbitration clause may be interpreted to cover the asserted dispute should be resolved in favor of
arbitration unless the court can state with 'positive assurance' that the dispute was not meant to
be· arbitrated." Gavlik. Const. Co. v. Campbell Co., 389 F.Supp. 551, 554 (W.D. Pa. 1975), ajf'd
in part, rev'd in part on other grounds 526 F.2d 777 (3d Cir. 1975).
The Court determined that the parties entered a valid agreement to arbitrate and that the
scope of such agreement was ambiguous, as discussed supra. The Court notes that Wife
presented no authority to support her claim that alimony, APL and support were outside the
agreement's scope. Wife testified that when she signed the BMA she believed the patties were
submitting only "issues relating to marital property and counsel fees" to arbitration Tr. at 7. She
10
funner testified that she believed alimony would be determined in a separate court proceeding.
Tr. at 29. In response, Husband presented Exhibit C, an email from Dr. Besselman to Wife and
Husband dated December 28, 2011, one (I) month before the BMA was signed.1 Exhibit C
includes an attachment listing nine (9) issues, including alimony, "for resolution." Ex. C. Wife
testified that the attachment was sent for the purposes of collecting issues to be addressed by
Besselman. Tr. at 88. Wife also testified that during the arbitration process she presented her case
for her requested alimony amount to Dr. Besselman. Tr. at 69-74. The Court did not find Wife's
claim that she did not believe the BMA subjected alimony, APL and support to arbitration to be
credible.
Husband testified that he understood that the BMA put al) issues pending in the parties'
divorce case into arbitration. He testified that he believed that all issues raised by both parties in
their Complaints in Divorce remained outstanding at the time of the BMA execution. Tr. at 110-
11, 126. The Court found Husband's testimony on this point to be credible.
The Court found that the parties intended to submit all outstanding issues in their divorce
case to Dr. Besselman for arbitration and resolution. Based on the writing itself, the Court cannot
state with "positive assurance" that alimony was not meant to be included in the scope of the
BMA as required by Gavlik Const. Co., 389 F.Supp at 554. Additionally, the Court did not find
Wife's testimony credible. Its conclusion that alimony, support and APL were within the scope
of the BMA was proper and must stand.
The Court did not assign Wife the burden to prove that support, alimony, and alimony
pe11de11te lite were not within the scope of the Binding Mediation Agreement.
(Matter 4 Complained of on Appeal)
I The Court admitted Exhibit Cover Wife's objection on the basis that it was offered to clarify, and not add to, the
BMA. See PAROL-EVIDENCE RULE, Black's Law Dictionary (101h ed. 2014); Kripp I'. Kripp, 578 Pa. 82, 90 (2004).
11
Wife argues that she was improperly assigned the burden to show that support, alimony
and APL were outside the scope of the BMA and not to be addressed by the arbitrator. The
applicable section of the Court's April 20, 2015 Order reads, "Defendant failed to show that any
issues resolved in the Mediation Settlement Agreement were outside the scope of the arbitration
agreed to by the parties."
The Court determined that the scope of the BMA was ambiguous and conducted a
hearing to resolve the ambiguity by obtaining evidence regarding the parties' intent and
circumstances surrounding the execution of the BMA, as discussed supra. Wife presented
evidence with the purpose of showing the Court that alimony, APL and support were not within
the scope of the BMA. Husband presented evidence with the purpose of showing the Court that
alimony, APL and support were within the scope of the BMA. The Court did not assign the
burden to either party on this issue. The Court considered the evidence presented by the parties
and found that Husband presented sufficient evidence to support his position, while Wife did not
present sufficient evidence to support her position. As Wife was not assigned the burden on this
issue, the Court's Order should not be disturbed.
The Court correctly found that the process the parties underwent was sufficient to
constitute common law arbitration.
(Matter 5 Complained of on Appeal)
Wife argues that the arbitration process was so irregular that it denied her due process.
She first argues that the proceedings cannot be considered common law arbitration because Dr.
Besselman was not legally trained or licensed. Despite extensive argument in her brief on the
subject, Wife presents no authority to justify invalidating an arbitration award because the
arbitrator specifically selected by the parties was not legally trained. Wife testified at the hearing
12
that she was aware of Dr. Besselman's educational and employment background when she
agreed to him serving as an arbitrator. Tr. at 6. She testified that Dr. Besselman was "the only
person [she] could think of" to handle the arbitration. Id. Wife presented no basis for her
argument.
Wife next argues that she was denied due process in the form of notice and a fair hearing.
Wife argues that she was not given notice of the issues to be resolved by the arbitrator and
therefore had no opportunity to present her case on those issues. Due process requires that parties
participating in common law arbitration are entitled to notice and the opportunity to be heard.
See Mellon v. Travelers Ins. c«, 406 A.2d 759, 761-62 (Pa.Super, 1979). The Superior Court
has held that parties are permitted to waive their right to a formal arbitration hearing. Toll Naval
Associates v. Chun-Fang Hsu, 85 A.2d 526, 528 (Pa.Super. 2014).
Wife testified that she did not have notice that alimony, support and APL would be
included in the MSA. However, Wife presented her argwnents and demands for alimony in
emails sent to Dr. Besselman sent during arbitration and submitted as Exhibits 9, 11, 12, and 14.
In those emails sent during arbitration Wife argued in favor of alimony. Her contention that she
did not have notice that alimony would be decided by arbitrator is in conflict with her written
words.
Wife also contends that she was denied an opportunity to be heard on the issues of
alimony, support and APL. In Toll Naval Associates, the appellant requested that a decision on a
legal issue be submitted on brief without oral argument. On appeal, the appellant complained that
he was denied a fair hearing on that legal issue because the parties did not orally argue. The
Superior Court held that because the parties had agreed that the issue should be disposed of by
submission of briefs to the arbitrator, the appellant had declined his right to a hearing and
13
therefore was not denied due process. Toll Naval Associates, 85 A.2d 528. Similarly here the
parties agreed that their issues should be disposed of by submission of emails and phone calls to
the arbitrator. The BMA signed by Wife specifically laid out the process by which Dr.
Besselman would hear the parties' positions on issues. Wife did not write-in a provision in the
BMA that would require a formal hearing in front of Dr. Besselman, nor did Wife refuse to sign
the document. Wife testified that hundreds of emails were exchanged between her and Dr.
Besselman in which she presented the facts she believed would lead him to an equitable decision
on the issues. Tr. at 77-78. Wife's positions on alimony, support and APL were sent to Dr.
Besselman via email. See Bxs, 9, 11, 12, 14. Wife further testified that she raised objections with
Dr. Besselman after he sent out a draft of the MSA. Tr. at 42. Wife did not allege that any of her
emails were rejected or not delivered to Dr. Besselman.
Wife offers one (1) citation to support her assertion: Mellon v. Travelers Ins. Co., 406
A.2d 759 (Pa.Super. 1979). In Mellon, the arbitrator entered awards to the appellee on claims she
had not raised. Since the claims had not been raised, the appellants did not have a chance to
prepare arguments against such claims. The Superior Court held that a lack of notice of the
issues to be decided in arbitration violates a party's tight to due process. Id at 761. Mellon is
distinguishable from the instant case. Wife was given sufficient notice of the issues to be decided
as is evidenced by her presentation of arguments on those issues in the exhibits submitted at the
hearing. See Exs. 9, 11, 12, 14.
Wife conflates "the opportunity to be heard" with a formal arbitration hearing. When
Wife signed the BMA, she knowingly agreed to arbitration via phone and email with an
arbitrator located in Alabama. Her notice that the issues of APL, support and alimony would be
subject to arbitration is evidenced by her presentation of arguments on those issues. Wife's
14
argument, therefore, cannot stand.
The Court did not err by failing to set aside the Mediation Settlement Agreement due to
fraud, irregularity, bias, mistake, and/or abuse of discretion.
(Matter 6 Complained of on Appeal)
Wife argues that the Court erred by not setting aside the MSA due to fraud, irregularity,
bias, mistake and/or abuse of discretion in the arbitration process. Wife did not cite any authority
to support her claims of fraud, irregularity, bias, mistake and/or abuse of discretion.
A common law arbitration award may be vacated when a party demonstrates that "fraud,
misconduct, corruption, or other irregularity caused the rendition of an unjust, inequitable or
unconscionable award."42 Pa. C.S.A. §7341. The party seeking to invalidate an arbitration award
bears the burden to establish both irregularity in the arbitration process and inequity in the
resulting award by "clear, precise, and indubitable evidence." McKenna v. Sosso, 745 A.2d 1,4
(Pa.Super 1999) (quoting Chervenak; Keane & Co., Inc v. Hotel Rittenhouse Assocs., Inc., 477
A.2d 482, 485 (Pa.Super. 1984)).
Wife discussed the alleged inequity of the MSA in the context of fraud between Dr.
Besselman and Husband and mistakes in the MSA. Wife testified as follows:
Wife: One of the things I wanted addressed was [Husband] had
cashed in an IRA. At that time it was $188,000, Now I think
it's at $202,000. And he took that and cashed it in. And it
was never put in the mediation settlement agreement. It was
omitted. I wanted Joe Besselman to include it as an advance
for [Husband]. And he just refused to do it. Each year of
separation [Husband] dissolves stocks, and it came to over
$300,000. And I wanted that put into the document noting
that he had an advance. And he refused to do it. Although I
had to cash in one for $18,000 to pay my lawyer fees and I
was not - - that was taken off the table, and 1 had to credit
[Husband] for that.
Wife's Counsel: Other mistakes, what other mistakes did you
identify that you brought to the arbitrator's attenrion?
Wife: He did not use the appraisal for the house that ram living in
15
right now. The numbers are wrong. I think he raised it by
about $60,000. So it looks like 1 get an additional 60,000
when the appraisal didn't come out like that. The appraisal
was lower. Tr. at 62-63.
Wife's allegations of inequity in the award consisted of unsupported allegations and
approximations. An award can be unfair to a party without reaching a level of legal inequity.
Wife did not provide the Court with "clear, precise, indubitable evidence" of inequity as is
required to vacate an arbitration award. McKenna v. Sosso, 745 A.2d at 4. Wife provided the
Court evidence sufficient only to conclude that she was unhappy with the award, not that it was
inequitable.
Wife alleged fraud, bias and mistake in her testimony. She cited the alleged inequity of
the MSA as evidence of the alleged fraud, bias and mistake. Wife's testimony regarding mistakes
in the MSA is quoted supra. As to bias and fraud, Wife testified that sne was unaware that
Husband and Dr. Besselman were discussing alimony and terms of the MSA via email. Tr. at 33-
34. Wife's exhibits show that she too had email contact with Dr. Besselman that Husband was
not privy to. See Exs. 8, 9, 12, 14. Wife failed to present any evidence that the arbitration process
was conducted with unfair bias or fraud favoring Husband. Wife did not address abuse of
discretion in her testimony, argument or brief. The Court's finding that the MSA should not be
invalidated due to fraud, irregularity, bias, mistake and/or abuse of discretion must stand.
Wife waived the issue of alimony pendente lite payments by failing to raise them at the
hearing.
(Matter 7 Complained of on Appeal)
Wife argues that the Court erred in upholding the MSA's APL overpayment term when
no Petition to Modify APL had been filed. Wife raised this issue for the first time in her Concise
Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal.
16
The Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure define requirements for appellate review
ofa disputed issue. Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 302(a) states that any "[ijssues not
raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal." At the
hearing on April 13, 2014, Wife did not raise an objection or make the argument that the Court
was unable to consider APL overpayment. Wife's testimony did not address the APL
overpayment. Wife's objection to the Court ruling on APL overpayment was first raised in her
Concise Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal. Wife waived the issue by failing to
raise it at the hearing.
CONCLUSION
The Court carefully considered the arguments of the parties and determined that the
parties' Binding Mediation and Marital Settlement Agreements could not be invalidated based
upon the evidence presented. This Court's April 20, 2015 Order of Court, therefore, should be
affirmed.
BY~ECOURT:
.' \I ,
(
" );(/, I ,].
Donal~. Walko, lt., Judge
17
I'
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
FAMILY DIVISION
THOMAS R. MILLER,
Plaintiff, No.: FD 09-002320-016
v.
COLLEEN H. MILLER, ORDER OF COURT
Defendant.
BY:
Honorable Donald R. Walko, Jr.
City-County Building
414 Grant Street, Room 706
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
COPIES TO:
Counsel for Plaintiff:
Brian C. Vertz, Esquire
Brittany Yurchyk, Esquire
POLLOCK BEGG KOMAR GLASSER
& VERTZ,LLC
437 Grant Street, Suite 501
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
Counsel for Defendant:
Brad R. Korinski, Esquire
Margie Hammer, Esquire
LIEBER, HAMMER, HUBER &
BENNINGTON
5528 Walnut Street, 2nd Floor
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania I 5232
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
FAMILY DIVISION
THOMAS R. MILLER,
Plaintiff, No.: FD 09-002320-016
v.
COLLEEN H. MILLER,
Defendant.
ORDER OF COURT
AND NOW, this Jo~ day of ....:.~....:.,,11!:t,4:.;_l'~'..:...I , 201s, following oral
argument on the issues of whether Wife was induced to sign the parties, Binding Mediation
Agreement by fraud and whether the arbitration process was so irregular as to render the
Mediation Settlement Agreement unenforceable, it is hereby ORDERED, ADnJDGED, and
DECREED as follows:
1. Defendant Colleen Miller failed to meet her burden of showing fraud prior to the
signing of the Binding Mediation Agreement.
2. The Binding Mediation agreement is enforceable.
3. Defendant failed to meet her burden of showing fraud, misconduct, corruption or
other such irregularity in the arbitration process which caused the arbitrator to render
such an unjust, inequitable and unconscionable award so as to make the award
unenforceable,
4. Defendant failed to show that any issues resolved in the Mediation Settlement
"
Agreement were outside the scope of the arbitration agreed to by the parties.
5. The Mediation Settlement Agreement is enforceable.
'J.