COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, O’Brien and Russell
UNPUBLISHED
Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
DOROTHY ELIZABETH CILWA
MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v. Record No. 0481-15-4 JUDGE MARY GRACE O’BRIEN
NOVEMBER 29, 2016
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
Jane Marum Roush, Judge
Shalev Ben-Avraham, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.
Christopher Schandevel, Assistant Attorney General (Mark R.
Herring, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Dorothy Cilwa (“appellant”) contends that the trial court erred by finding her in violation of
probation. Appellant asserts the following assignments of error:
1. The trial court erred by finding Ms. Cilwa in violation of
probation as the trial court had no jurisdiction to hear the case.
2. The trial court erred by finding Ms. Cilwa was properly noticed
and served in compliance [with] the Virginia Code, and the Due
Process Clauses of the United States and Virginia Constitutions
for the alleged probation violation of new criminal charges. 1
Because we find that the court did not have jurisdiction to find appellant in violation of probation,
we reverse the judgment.
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
1
We do not address appellant’s second assignment of error because we dispose of the
case based on the trial court’s lack of jurisdiction.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Appellant pled guilty to two counts of grand larceny, in violation of Code § 18.2-95, and the
court entered an order sentencing her on January 28, 2010. The court imposed two years of
incarceration for each conviction, with the sentences to run concurrently. One year and one month
of each sentence was suspended for a period of three years, and appellant was ordered to complete
two years of supervised probation upon her release from incarceration.
At a hearing on January 27, 2012, the court found appellant in violation of her probation and
imposed ninety days of incarceration on each suspended sentence, with the time to run concurrently.
In an order dated February 13, 2012 the court extended appellant’s probation for two years “from
today’s date.” The order did not specifically impose and re-suspend the remaining ten-month
sentence for each charge and did not extend the three-year time period for which the sentences were
suspended.
On June 9, 2014 the court issued a bench warrant for appellant alleging that she had again
violated her probation conditions. Appellant was served with this bench warrant on February 5,
2015. On February 20, 2015 the court heard appellant’s motion to dismiss the bench warrants based
on lack of jurisdiction and failure to properly serve her with notice of the violations. The court
denied the motion and found that appellant violated her probation. It sentenced her to the time she
had served awaiting the hearing and terminated her probation. This appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
Appellant contends that the court did not have jurisdiction on February 20, 2015 to impose
the previously suspended sentences because her sentence expired on January 28, 2013. Because this
is a question of statutory construction, we review the court’s conclusion using a de novo standard of
review. Harris v. Commonwealth, 274 Va. 409, 413, 650 S.E.2d 89, 91 (2007).
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Code § 19.2-303 grants a court the authority to “suspend imposition of sentence or suspend
the sentence in whole or part and . . . place the defendant on probation . . . as a condition of a
suspended sentence.” Further, when the court suspends the imposition of the sentence, or suspends
a portion of the sentence, it has the authority to set a time period for which the sentence is not
imposed. Code § 19.2-303.1. In setting that period of time, the court is not constrained by the
maximum sentence that the defendant could receive on the original conviction. Id. Additionally, a
court “may revoke the suspension of sentence for any cause the court deems sufficient that occurred
at any time within the probation period, or within the period of suspension fixed by the court.”
Code § 19.2-306(A).
Here, on January 28, 2010 the court initially suspended a portion of appellant’s two-year
sentences for a period of three years and placed her on probation for two years upon her release
from incarceration. On February 13, 2012, the court imposed ninety days of the previously
suspended sentences and extended appellant’s probation for two years. The court did not
specifically re-suspend the remaining sentences and also did not extend the three-year period of
suspension. Accordingly, appellant contends that when she appeared before the court in February
2015, she was not subject to the court’s jurisdiction because her sentence expired on January 28,
2013, three years from the date of the court’s original sentencing order.
Appellant concedes that the previously un-served portion of the sentences, totaling ten
months concurrently, was implicitly imposed and re-suspended by the February 13, 2012 order. See
Leitao v. Commonwealth, 39 Va. App. 435, 438, 573 S.E.2d 317, 319 (2002) (holding that “[t]he
absence of an explicit recitation re-suspending the balance of the original sentence did not implicitly
discharge the remaining sentence; it implicitly re-suspended the balance that the defendant had not
served” because “[p]robation was meaningless if no sentence remained for the court to impose if the
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defendant violated the terms imposed”). See also Jacobs v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App. 529, 538,
738 S.E.2d 519, 523-24 (2013).
The Commonwealth argues that the circuit court also implicitly extended the time period for
which appellant’s sentence was suspended when it extended her probationary period on February
13, 2012. However, “probation and suspension of sentence are separate and distinct concepts.”
Carbaugh v. Commonwealth, 19 Va. App. 119, 126, 449 S.E.2d 264, 268 (1994). We have held
that “if the sentencing judge suspends a portion of a sentence and prescribes a period of suspension,
once that period of suspension expires the defendant is no longer subject to having the suspension
revoked.” Id. When the court extended appellant’s probation, it did not explicitly or implicitly
extend the three-year period for which the sentence was suspended. Any period of probation that
was no longer concurrent with the three-year time period that began on January 28, 2010 was
ineffective. Accordingly, because the trial court suspended appellant’s sentence for a three-year
period, which expired on January 28, 2013, the trial court lacked jurisdiction when it found
appellant in violation of probation in February 2015.
CONCLUSION
For these reasons, we reverse the judgment of the trial court.
Reversed and dismissed.
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