Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-16-00336-CV
IN THE INTEREST OF M.S.M., a Child
From the 57th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2014-PA-02012
Honorable Richard Garcia, Associate Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice
Sitting: Sandee Bryan Marion, Chief Justice
Marialyn Barnard, Justice
Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice
Delivered and Filed: December 14, 2016
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED AND RENDERED IN PART
This is an appeal from an order modifying a “Final Order in suit Affecting the Parent-Child
Relationship.” Sam 1 argues the trial court erred by finding he owed child support arrearages and
ordering him to pay an increased amount in monthly child support payments for M.S.M. We
reverse the trial court’s modification of Sam’s child support obligation and render judgment
reinstating Sam’s child support obligation of $419 a month. We affirm the remainder of the trial
court’s order.
1
To protect the identity of the minor child, we refer to the child’s father by an alias and to the child by the child’s
initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d) (West 2014); TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b)(2).
04-16-00336-CV
BACKGROUND
The Department of Family and Protective Services filed an original petition to modify the
prior SAPCR order. The trial court previously terminated the parental rights of M.S.M.’s mother
and appointed the Department permanent managing conservator. The final order did not terminate
Sam’s parental rights, but appointed him as M.S.M.’s possessory conservator. The trial court also
ordered Sam to pay $419 a month in child support. In its original petition to modify the trial court’s
prior order, the Department requested the trial court to appoint M.S.M.’s foster mother as sole
managing conservator. The Department did not request the trial court to find whether Sam owed
any child support arrearages or to modify his child support obligation.
At the trial on the Department’s petition to modify, the Department and Sam agreed
M.S.M.’s foster mother should be appointed sole managing conservator. The Department then
requested “a child support arrearage confirmation” and “[c]hild support into the future.” M.S.M.’s
foster mother testified and the Department requested that the trial court take judicial notice of a
trial court’s order from 2014 regarding Sam’s child support payments. No other evidence was
offered. The trial court rendered an order confirming Sam owed $6,942 in child support arrearages
and increasing Sam’s child support payments to $590.36 per month. Sam filed a timely notice of
appeal.
DISCUSSION
Sam argues the trial court erred by confirming he owed $6,942 in arrearages and increasing
his monthly child support obligation because (1) the Department did not request any such relief in
its petition to modify; and (2) the trial court’s child support orders are not supported by legally and
factually sufficient evidence.
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04-16-00336-CV
A. Trial by Consent
A trial court may not grant a party relief in the absence of supporting pleadings unless the
issue was tried by consent. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 301, 67; Ingram v. Deere, 288 S.W.3d 886, 893
(Tex. 2009). An issue is tried by consent when evidence is presented on an issue and that issue is
developed during trial without objection. Ingram, 288 S.W.3d at 893. An issue of child support
may be tried by consent. In re W.M.H., No. 02-14-00003-CV, 2014 WL 5791561, at *4-5 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth Nov. 6, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.).
At trial, the Department requested that the trial court confirm child support arrearages and
increase Sam’s monthly child support payments. M.S.M.’s foster mother testified about Sam’s
income and his prior child support payments. Sam’s ad litem attorney cross-examined M.S.M.’s
foster mother on those issues. Sam’s ad litem attorney did not object to the Department’s requests
at trial to confirm child support arrearages, to increase his child support payments, or to the
evidence admitted at trial to develop that issue. We hold the child support issues were tried by
consent, and thus the trial court was authorized to award the Department the relief it requested in
the absence of supporting pleadings. See Ingram, 288 S.W.3d at 893; In re W.M.H., 2014 WL
5791561, at *4-5.
B. Sufficiency of the Evidence
Sam argues the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the trial court’s
order confirming he owes $6,942 in arrearages and increasing his monthly child support payments.
“We review the trial court’s child support ruling under an abuse of discretion standard.” In re
M.P.M., 161 S.W.3d 650, 654 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2005, no pet.). “A trial court abuses its
discretion when it acts in an arbitrary and unreasonable manner, without reference to any guiding
rules or principles.” Id. Under this standard, the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence is a
relevant factor in determining whether the trial court has abused its discretion, but they are not
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04-16-00336-CV
independent grounds for asserting error. Id. “When reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence,
we consider all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding, disregarding all evidence
and inferences to the contrary.” Id.
In the SAPCR proceeding, the trial court ordered Sam to pay $419 a month in child support.
M.S.M.’s foster mother testified Sam paid $200 only three times during the eighteen months Sam
was required to make payment. Considering this evidence in a light most favorable to the trial
court’s ruling, there is evidence Sam was to pay $7,542 over eighteen months, paid only $600, and
thus owed $6,942 in arrearages. We hold the trial court did not abuse its discretion by confirming
Sam owes $6,942 in arrearages.
A movant seeking modification of a child support order has the burden to show the
circumstances of the parent or child have materially and substantially changed. Melton v. Toomey,
350 S.W.3d 235, 238 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, no pet.). M.S.M.’s foster mother testified
Sam’s monthly income was approximately $3,600 when he was first ordered to pay child support.
But she also testified Sam then went to jail and stopped receiving SSI benefits, and she was unable
to determine how much Sam was receiving in “VA benefits.” There is no evidence supporting the
trial court’s order increasing Sam’s monthly child support payments. We therefore hold the trial
court erred by modifying Sam’s child support payments.
CONCLUSION
We reverse the trial court’s modification of Sam’s monthly child support obligation and
render judgment reinstating Sam’s child support obligation of $419 a month. We affirm the
remainder of the trial court’s order.
Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice
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