J. S02006/17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
TORRAL PHILEARIA SCOTT, : No. 1639 EDA 2016
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order, May 2, 2016,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County
Criminal Division at No. CP-39-CR-0000321-2013
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., STABILE AND MOULTON, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED FEBRUARY 22, 2017
Torral Philearia Scott appeals from the order of May 2, 2016,1 denying
her PCRA2 petition. After careful review, we affirm.
The trial court has summarized the procedural history of this matter as
follows:
The relevant facts are as follows: After a jury
trial, [appellant] was found guilty on all charges
proceeded to at trial on September 12, 2013.
Specifically, [appellant] was found guilty of
eleven (11) counts of Retail Theft (18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 3929(a)(1)), two (2) counts of Attempted Retail
Theft (18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3929(a)(1) [& 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 901(a)]), one (1) count of Organized Retail Theft
(18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3929.3(a)), and one (1) count of
1
The PCRA court’s opinion and order were dated April 29, 2016; however,
they were not time-stamped and docketed until May 2, 2016. We have
corrected the caption accordingly.
2
Post-Conviction Relief Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
J. S02006/17
Conspiracy to Commit Organized Retail Theft
(18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3929.3(a) [& 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 903(a)]).[3] Thereafter, on December 16, 2013,
[appellant] was sentenced to an aggregate term of
imprisonment in a state correctional institution of not
less than six (6) years nor more than twelve and a
half (12-½) years.[4] The sentences imposed were
within the standard range of the guidelines. Then,
on December 24, 2013, [appellant] filed a Notice of
Appeal with the Superior Court of Pennsylvania. On
February 4, 2015, [appellant] retained Vivian Zumas,
Esquire, to represent her in the post trial appeal.
Subsequently, on March 23, 2015, [appellant]
discontinued and withdrew her appeal. Thereafter,
on March 11, 2016, [appellant] filed a Motion for
Post Conviction Collateral Relief. A hearing on
[appellant]’s Motion for Post Conviction Collateral
Relief was conducted on April 28, 2016. Then, on
[May 2], 2016, this Court denied [appellant]’s
requested relief. The within appeal followed on
May 27, 2016.
On June [2], 2016, this Court instructed
[appellant] to file of record and serve upon this
Court a concise statement of errors complained of on
appeal no later than June 22, 2016, in accordance
with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure
1925(b). [Appellant] timely complied with said
Order. However, all of the matters within
[appellant]’s concise statement of errors complained
of on appeal have been addressed by this Court’s
Opinion of [May 2], 2016. Consequently, this Court
relies on said Opinion of [May 2], 2016, and
incorporates it herein.
3
As described in more detail below, the charges related to appellant’s theft
of ink cartridges and hard drives from numerous Target stores throughout
eastern Pennsylvania over the course of five months.
4
From our review of the record, appellant actually received an aggregate
sentence of 6 to 16 years’ incarceration. (Notes of testimony, sentencing,
12/4/13 at 20; amended sentencing order, 12/16/13 at 1; docket #43.)
Appellant was also ordered to make restitution to Target in the amount of
$28,307.17.
-2-
J. S02006/17
PCRA court opinion, 6/21/16 at 1-2.
Appellant has raised the following issues for this court’s review,
challenging the effectiveness of trial counsel, Jacob Gurwitz, Esq.:
A. Attorney Gurwitz was ineffective for admitting
to the elements of the crime of retail theft to
the jury without authority to do so from
[appellant].
B. Attorney Gurwitz was ineffective for failing to
consult with and interview eye witnesses prior
to trial and ultimately [not] calling them to
testify during trial.
C. Attorney Gurwitz was ineffective for failing to
consult with [a]ppellant prior to trial
[regarding] any offers made by the District
Attorney[’s] Office and for failing to advise
[a]ppellant [of] the risk she was assuming by
having a trial.
Appellant’s brief at 4.
Initially, we recite our standard of review:
This Court’s standard of review regarding an order
denying a petition under the PCRA is whether the
determination of the PCRA court is supported by the
evidence of record and is free of legal error.
Commonwealth v. Halley, 582 Pa. 164, 870 A.2d
795, 799 n. 2 (2005). The PCRA court’s findings will
not be disturbed unless there is no support for the
findings in the certified record. Commonwealth v.
Carr, 768 A.2d 1164, 1166 (Pa.Super. 2001).
Commonwealth v. Turetsky, 925 A.2d 876, 879 (Pa.Super. 2007),
appeal denied, 940 A.2d 365 (Pa. 2007).
“To prevail on a claim alleging counsel’s
ineffectiveness, Appellant must demonstrate (1) that
-3-
J. S02006/17
the underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) that
counsel’s course of conduct was without a
reasonable basis designed to effectuate his client’s
interest; and (3) that he was prejudiced by counsel’s
ineffectiveness.” Commonwealth v. Wallace, 555
Pa. 397, 407, 724 A.2d 916, 921 (1999), citing
Commonwealth v. Howard, 538 Pa. 86, 93, 645
A.2d 1300, 1304 (1994) (other citation omitted). In
order to meet the prejudice prong of the
ineffectiveness standard, a defendant must show
that there is a “‘reasonable probability that but for
counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the
proceeding would have been different.’”
Commonwealth v. Kimball, 555 Pa. 299, 308, 724
A.2d 326, 331 (1999), quoting Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052,
80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). A “‘[r]easonable probability’
is defined as ‘a probability sufficient to undermine
confidence in the outcome.’” Id. at 309, 724 A.2d at
331, quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct.
2052.
Commonwealth v. Jones, 811 A.2d 1057, 1060 (Pa.Super. 2002), appeal
denied, 832 A.2d 435 (Pa. 2003). “We presume counsel is effective and
place upon Appellant the burden of proving otherwise. Counsel cannot be
found ineffective for failing to pursue a baseless or meritless claim.”
Commonwealth v. Poplawski, 852 A.2d 323, 327 (Pa.Super. 2004)
(citations omitted).
In her first issue on appeal, appellant argues that Attorney Gurwitz
was ineffective for conceding to the jury that she was guilty of retail theft.
Attorney Gurwitz’s strategy, given the videotape surveillance evidence and
inculpatory statements made by appellant, was to admit the lesser charges
but try to obtain an acquittal on the greater charges of organized retail
-4-
J. S02006/17
theft/conspiracy to commit organized retail theft. Appellant argues that this
was without her permission and violated her Fifth Amendment right against
self-incrimination. No relief is due.
In Commonwealth ex rel. Washington v.
Maroney, [427] Pa. [599], 235 A.2d 349 (1967),
[overruled on other grounds by Commonwealth
v. Pierce, 515 Pa. 153, 527 A.2d 973 (1987),] we
held that before a claim of ineffectiveness can be
sustained, it must be determined that, in light of all
the alternatives available to counsel, the strategy
[a]ctually employed was so unreasonable that no
competent lawyer would have chosen it.
Commonwealth v. Hill, 235 A.2d 347, 349 (Pa. 1967). “If a reasonable
basis exists for the particular course, the inquiry ends and counsel’s
performance is deemed constitutionally effective.” Commonwealth v.
Abdul-Salaam, 808 A.2d 558, 561 (Pa. 2001), citing Commonwealth v.
Derk, 719 A.2d 262, 266 (Pa. 1998) (opinion in support of affirmance).
Nor can a claim of ineffective assistance generally
succeed through comparing, by hindsight, the trial
strategy employed with alternatives not pursued. A
finding that a chosen strategy lacked a reasonable
basis is not warranted unless it can be concluded
that an alternative not chosen offered a potential for
success substantially greater than the course
actually pursued.
Commonwealth v. Miller, 819 A.2d 504, 517 (Pa. 2002), cert. denied,
540 U.S. 827 (2003) (citation omitted).
Joseph Perrins (“Perrins”), an asset protection team leader for Target,
testified at trial and identified appellant on the videotape. (Notes of
testimony 9/11/13 at 38, 54.) Perrins described in detail how appellant and
-5-
J. S02006/17
her accomplice would clear the shelves of ink cartridges and external hard
drives, place the merchandise in a cart, and then leave the cart inside the
store, near an exit. (Id. at 52-54.) At that point, a third individual would
retrieve the cart and push it outside to a waiting car. (Id. at 54.) Perrins
also testified that before an individual can be detained, certain criteria have
to be met. (Id. at 57.) They are required to give a customer every
opportunity to pay for the merchandise before leaving the store. (Id. at
58.)
Tyler Colon (“Colon”), a senior protection specialist for Target, testified
that security is not permitted to chase a shoplifter outside of the store. (Id.
at 81.) In addition, before any suspect can be apprehended, a checklist of
five specific steps has to be satisfied, including concealment, continuous
observation and failure to pay. (Id. at 82.) Colon explained that because
these individuals traded off the merchandise from one to another, the
requisite five steps were not going to be completed and store security would
be unable to stop them. (Id.)
At the PCRA hearing, Attorney Gurwitz testified that this was damaging
circumstantial evidence of appellant’s intent:
We saw the case differently. I have – I look at
things in their – more than just the discrete actions.
You have to look at the various interactions between
one action and another at some times to see what
the circumstances would dictate. When you have,
essentially the same modeled conduct over
13 different incidents, if you have – it shows some
level of organization, some level of sophistication.
-6-
J. S02006/17
You have testimony relative to the – the security
steps, the protocols where there were I believe it
was five or six protocols, and at some critical
number, three of them I believe it was, that they
act. And you see consistently one factor or indicator
is met; two factors. And then that person doesn’t hit
the critical number, and just walks out of the store,
and then someone comes in, that suggests a level of
coordination, and sophistication, and that you are; in
fact, working in concert for all of a variety of criminal
conspiracy charges relative to retail theft. So even if
you could hypothetically beat the retail theft charge
itself, you have still got the criminal conspiracy
liability.
Notes of testimony, 4/28/16 at 33-34.
Attorney Gurwitz explained at the PCRA hearing that with the
extensive video surveillance footage from multiple Target stores, the only
plausible trial strategy was to try to paint appellant as a mere “pawn” in the
operation, not the “boss” of the shoplifting ring. In this way,
Attorney Gurwitz was hoping to get appellant acquitted of the more serious
second-degree felony charges of organized retail theft.
Appellant was adamant that she did not commit retail theft where she
did not actually take the merchandise out of the store. However, as detailed
above by Perrins and Colon, the modus operandi of the group was that
appellant and another woman would load up the cart with ink cartridges and
hard drives, and then leave it near an exit where a third individual would
push it outside the store. Appellant’s defense was simply untenable in light
of the video evidence. Attorney Gurwitz explained:
-7-
J. S02006/17
We discussed various aspects of the case.
Ultimately [appellant] and I both saw the case very
differently. I think that was evident from the trial
transcript from the very beginning when she seemed
to be – to have cold feet the day of the trial.
Ultimately, my concern in this kind of case where
you have that much video evidence, and you have
the [security] personnel that were going to be
testifying, and that these – this evidence was going
to be admissible, that the retail thefts at a
fundamental level, and or conspiracy to retail thefts,
end up being a foregone conclusion to the extent
that there is just too much circumstantial evidence
to support that. [Appellant]’s view from our
conversations was – not getting into the issue of
circumstantial evidence, but that she – that factually,
she herself did not push any evidence out of the
cart, or take it out of the store herself; that
circumstantial evidence that would potentially link
her to other people didn’t matter, she didn’t herself
take anything out of the store, and didn’t think that
that made her culpable.
Id. at 14-15.
So that you have people loading things up into
a cart. You have got a bin. You put a top on the
bin. You push it to a particular point, but they don’t
go anywhere close to the point of purchase. They
end up exiting the store before there is any kind of
interaction, and then somebody else picks it up from
there. And that was evident from the video. So I
see that as strong circumstantial evidence.
[Appellant] did not see it as such. My concern for
her legal interest at the point that the
Commonwealth’s offer for one charge for a period of
time, which was not unfair according to the
guidelines, once we were headed for trial, the only
effectual strategy that I could see was on the
organized retail theft, and criminal conspiracy to
organized retail theft, the F-2’s, the top, I guess, two
charges, or the highest tier charges, because the
presentation that I believed that is accurate, is that
she was a pawn in a grand game, and that she
-8-
J. S02006/17
herself was not a manager, not promoter, not – That
she herself was not instrumental in making this thing
go from an organizational perspective, and that her
only true culpability would be retail theft. She saw
the case differently in that I didn’t commit any retail
thefts. I didn’t commit any conspiracy. I didn’t
engage in organized retail theft, and a deny and
disclaim strategy, versus the one that I thought was
far more plausible given the nature of the evidence.
Id. at 15-17.
Clearly, there was ample evidence of appellant’s guilt, including
eyewitness testimony from Target security personnel and videotape footage.
On October 13, 2012, Perrins observed appellant and her cohorts remove
merchandise from the Easton Target. (Notes of testimony, 9/11/13 at
58-61.) Perrins contacted Colon, who worked at the Airport Road location.
(Id. at 75, 98.) Shortly thereafter, appellant and another individual entered
Colon’s location and began loading hard drives and ink cartridges into their
cart. (Id. at 101.) Colon contacted state police who indicated they had a
trooper in an adjacent parking lot and to let them know when the suspects
exited the store. (Id. at 102.) Subsequently, when appellant was stopped
by state police on the evening of October 13, 2012, they recovered the
stolen merchandise in her trunk. (Notes of testimony, 9/12/13 at 53-54.)
Police also found bags lined with tin foil, designed to defeat the store’s
security devices. (Id. at 57.) Appellant admitted to stealing from Target
stores since August of 2012. (Id. at 62.) Appellant also admitted that she
directed Cameo Scott (“Scott”), the front right passenger of the vehicle, to
-9-
J. S02006/17
push the cart out of the store. (Id. at 62-63.) Appellant indicated that they
took the stolen merchandise to Brooklyn, New York, to an individual
named ”D.” (Id. at 63.)
Clearly, given the overwhelming evidence against appellant,
Attorney Gurwitz’s strategy of conceding guilt on the third-degree felony
retail theft charges and attempting to persuade the jury that appellant was
innocent of the second-degree felony charges of organized retail theft and
criminal conspiracy to commit organized retail theft, was a sound one.
Appellant’s notion that she could not be convicted of retail theft or attempt
to commit retail theft because she did not actually push the cart outside of
the store was not based in law. She was clearly acting in concert with her
accomplices, as depicted on the surveillance tapes. Appellant’s only hope
was to convince the jury that she did not organize, coordinate, control or
supervise the activities of an organized retail theft enterprise, as required by
the statute. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3929.3(a). Attorney Gurwitz attempted to
convince the jury that she was a mere pawn and the unidentified individuals
in New York were the masterminds of the operation. Appellant obviously
disagreed with Attorney Gurwitz’s strategy in this regard, but it was a sound
one based on the evidence. There is no merit here.
Next, appellant claims that Attorney Gurwitz was ineffective for failing
to investigate two potential witnesses, Scott and Charis Bynoe (“Bynoe”).
(Appellant’s brief at 11-12.) According to appellant, both Scott and Bynoe
- 10 -
J. S02006/17
submitted affidavits prior to trial and Attorney Gurwitz should have called
them as witnesses. (Id. at 12.) Appellant argues that their testimony
would have likely changed the outcome of the trial. (Id.)
To establish ineffectiveness for failure to call a
witness, Appellant must establish that: (1) the
witness existed; (2) the witness was available;
(3) counsel was informed of the existence of the
witness or counsel should otherwise have known of
him; (4) the witness was prepared to cooperate and
testify for Appellant at trial; and (5) the absence of
the testimony prejudiced Appellant so as to deny him
a fair trial. A defendant must establish prejudice by
demonstrating that he was denied a fair trial because
of the absence of the testimony of the proposed
witness.
Commonwealth v. O’Bidos, 849 A.2d 243, 249 (Pa.Super. 2004), appeal
denied, 860 A.2d 123 (Pa. 2004) (citations omitted).
Scott, appellant’s niece, was a co-conspirator and entered into an
Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition (“ARD”) program for receiving stolen
property. (Notes of testimony, 4/28/16 at 59.) Scott testified at the PCRA
hearing that she would have been willing to testify at appellant’s trial that
appellant had no involvement whatsoever in the retail thefts. (Id. at 61-
62.) However, in her pre-sentence investigation report, appellant admitted
that she convinced Scott to participate in the thefts. (Id. at 63.) Scott also
admitted that they had stolen items from the Easton Target. (Id. at 64-65.)
Therefore, her proposed trial testimony would be in contradiction to the
established facts.
- 11 -
J. S02006/17
Attorney Gurwitz pointed out that as a co-conspirator, it would not
have served appellant’s interests to put Scott on the stand. (Id. at 24-25.)
Scott was seen on camera pushing the cart out of the Easton Target. As the
PCRA court found, Scott was a corrupt and polluted source and Attorney
Gurwitz had a reasonable basis for not calling her as a witness. (Id. at 71.)
The PCRA court also found Scott was not a credible witness. (Id. at 71.)
Regarding Bynoe, appellant did not present her as a witness at the
PCRA hearing, nor did appellant submit an affidavit. (Id. at 72-73.) There
is no evidence as to what Bynoe would have testified to at appellant’s trial.
(Id.) Therefore, appellant cannot possibly show how she was prejudiced by
Attorney Gurwitz’s failure to call Bynoe as a witness. (Id.) Furthermore,
Bynoe was also a passenger in the vehicle when it was stopped by police,
and Attorney Gurwitz reasonably believed it was risky to use her as a
witness. (PCRA court opinion, 5/2/16 at 8.)
Appellant also argues that because Scott and Bynoe were not called as
witnesses, she was forced to testify in her own defense. (Appellant’s brief at
11-13.) Appellant theorizes that if she did not testify, she would have been
found not guilty of all charges. (Id.)
From our review of the record, this issue was not raised in appellant’s
PCRA petition, nor was it raised in her Rule 1925(b) statement. (Docket
#53, #59.) As such, it is waived. See Commonwealth v. Ousley, 21
A.3d 1238, 1242 (Pa.Super. 2011) (“It is well-settled that issues not raised
- 12 -
J. S02006/17
in a PCRA petition cannot be considered on appeal.” (quotation marks and
citations omitted)); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9544(b); Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii). See
also Commonwealth v. Marion, 981 A.2d 230, 237 (Pa.Super. 2009),
appeal denied, 990 A.2d 729 (Pa. 2010) (“to preserve their claims for
appellate review, [a]ppellants must comply whenever the trial court orders
them to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal pursuant to
[Rule] 1925. Any issues not raised in a [Rule] 1925(b) statement will be
deemed waived.” (citations omitted)).
At any rate, appellant never testified at the PCRA hearing that
Attorney Gurwitz forced her to testify. In fact, there was an extensive
colloquy conducted at trial regarding appellant’s decision to testify and her
prior criminal record which included crimen falsi. (Notes of testimony,
9/12/13 at 115-117.)
In her third and final issue on appeal, appellant alleges that
Attorney Gurwitz failed to communicate a plea offer to appellant. According
to appellant, her lack of understanding of the Commonwealth’s plea offer
was what led her to reject it. (Appellant’s brief at 13.)
Generally, counsel has a duty to communicate plea
bargains to his client, as well as to explain the
advantages and disadvantages of the offer. Failure
to do so may be considered ineffectiveness of
counsel if the defendant is sentenced to a longer
prison term than the term he would have accepted
under the plea bargain. Where the PCRA court’s
determination of credibility is supported by the
record, we will not disturb it on appeal.
- 13 -
J. S02006/17
Commonwealth v. Marinez, 777 A.2d 1121, 1124 (Pa.Super. 2001),
appeal denied, 788 A.2d 374 (Pa. 2001) (citations omitted).
Appellant’s claim is belied by the record. Attorney Gurwitz testified
that he communicated the Commonwealth’s offer of a minimum sentence of
no more than two years’ incarceration and appellant rejected it. (Notes of
testimony, 4/28/16 at 18, 34-35.) Attorney Gurwitz testified that he
thought the offer was reasonable, but appellant insisted on going to trial.
(Id. at 18-19.) Appellant firmly believed that she could not be found guilty
because she did not actually push the cart out of the door. (Id. at 34.) In
addition, despite her extensive prior record, appellant had not done much
jail time and was unwilling to agree to an offer of a minimum of up to
two years’ imprisonment. (Id. at 34-35.) The PCRA court, which also
presided over appellant’s jury trial, found that she was fully apprised of the
plea offer and made an informed decision to go to trial:
Your client, much different than the tearful client she
presents today, was nasty to her lawyer, did not
listen to a word that he said in terms of advice, and
she was hell bent on her course of action. She knew
full well, because we had numerous conversations
before trial. She understood what the plea
agreement was, and if she had any questions, I was
right in front of her to ask. She wanted her trial.
Id. at 70. As the PCRA court stated in its opinion and order denying
appellant PCRA relief:
Furthermore, during the negotiation process,
Attorney Gurwitz had conveyed to [appellant] the
plea offer that was extended to her by the
- 14 -
J. S02006/17
Commonwealth. In particular, the agreement
entailed pleading guilty to Organized Retailed [sic]
Theft, with a cap of the minimum sentence at
two (2) years. Despite being advised to accept the
offer by her attorney, [appellant] refused to accept
the offer. Indeed, [appellant] believed that she did
not commit a crime and dispelled all guilt in the
matter.
PCRA court opinion, 5/2/16 at 5-6. The PCRA court’s findings in this regard
are supported by the record and will not be disturbed on appeal. This claim
fails.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/22/2017
- 15 -