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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JASON PARKER, :
Appellant :
: No. 2144 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence April 20, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-46-CR-0003077-2008
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and SOLANO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED MARCH 29, 2017
Appellant, Jason Parker, appeals from the Judgment of Sentence of 18
months’ to 3 years’ incarceration imposed following the revocation of his
probation. We affirm.
In 2008, Appellant entered an open guilty plea to Persons Not to
Possess a Firearm.1 The court sentenced him to 11½ to 23 months’ county
incarceration, followed by three years’ probation. On September 27, 2010,
the parole board granted Appellant’s application for county parole.
The following year, Appellant violated his probation. On February 8,
2011, the court sentenced him to a term of incarceration of time-served to
1
18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(a)(1).
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12 months, with a consecutive 3-year term of probation, commencing on
November 22, 2010.
On November 27, 2012, Appellant admitted to again violating his
probation, and waived his right to a hearing. The court revoked Appellant’s
February 8, 2011 sentence, and sentenced Appellant to 11½ to 23 months’
incarceration calculated from December 13, 2011,2 followed by a 1-year
term of probation.
On May 20, 2014, Philadelphia police arrested and charged Appellant
with Falsely Pretending to Hold Notary Public Office 3 in connection with his
providing legal services at Philadelphia’s Criminal Justice Center.
Appellant’s Philadelphia County arrest triggered another violation of
probation proceeding in Montgomery County. Accordingly, the court
scheduled a Gagnon I4 hearing for January 20, 2015.
On January 5, 2015, Appellant filed a pro se “Motion to Lift Detainer or
Immediate Hearing on the Matter” seeking an entry of an Order lifting his
probation violation and reinstating his probation.
On January 20, 2015, the court continued the Gagnon I hearing at
the request of Appellant’s counsel.
2
Appellant was, thus, eligible for immediate parole.
3
18 Pa.C.S. § 4913(a)(1). The offense is graded as a second-degree
misdemeanor.
4
Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973).
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On January 28, 2015, Appellant filed a Motion for Appointment of New
Counsel based on an alleged irreconcilable conflict with his counsel. On
February 4, 2015, the court appointed a Public Defender to represent
Appellant. However, Appellant proceeded to file a number of pro se Motions
including: (1) a “Motion for Gagnon II Hearing/Contested” on February 24,
2015; (2) a “Motion to Proceed Pro Se and Written Waiver of Counsel and
Immediate Hearing on the Matter” on February 27, 2015; and (3) a “Motion
to Terminate and/or Lift Detainer or an Immediate Contested Gagnon
Hearing on the Matter” on March 3, 2015.5 On March 3, 2015, the
Philadelphia County Municipal Court convicted Appellant of the false notary
charge. Following numerous continuances, the court sentenced Appellant on
November 24, 2015. On December 9, 2015, Appellant filed a Notice of
Appeal of his Judgment of Sentence to the Court of Common Pleas.6
On March 10, 2015, the court entered an Order noting that, “this case
has been scheduled for a Gagnon hearing on numerous occasions . . . at
[Appellant’s] request in order for him to have adequate time to resolve open
charges in Philadelphia County.” Order, 3/10/15. The court’s Order also
5
Appellant also filed a pro se Motion to Dismiss pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P.
600 on March 13, 2015, a Motion to Dismiss pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 1013,
and various requests for copies of his criminal dockets.
6
On October 31, 2016, the court dismissed the charge pending against
Appellant without prejudice.
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scheduled a contested Gagnon hearing for April 20, 2015, and reaffirmed
that the court had appointed a Public Defender to represent Appellant.
Following the April 20, 2015 Hearing, the court sentenced Appellant for
his probation violation to a term of 1½ to 3 years’ state incarceration, with
credit for time-served. On May 1, 2015, Appellant filed a pro se Notice of
Appeal and a “Request to Proceed In Forma Pauperis for Purposes of Appeal
and for Appointment of Counsel on Appeal.” On May 22, 2015, Appellant
filed a “Motion to Proceed Pro Se, and Written Waiver of Counsel and
Immediate Hearing on the Matters.” That same day, Appellant also filed a
pro se “Motion to Vacate or Resentence Nunc Pro Tunc.” On July 17, 2015,
Appellant filed a pro se “Motion for Transcripts.” On July 21, 2015, Raymond
D. Roberts, Esquire, from the Office of the Public Defender of Montgomery
County, entered his appearance on behalf of Appellant.
On September 9, 2015, this Court directed the trial court to conduct a
Grazier7 hearing to determine whether Appellant wished to proceed pro se.
Appellant participated in the hearing by way of videoconference from SCI
Frackville. The court questioned Appellant on the record and Appellant
testified that he wished to withdraw his Motion to Proceed Pro Se. Following
the hearing, on October 16, 2015, the court ordered that the Office of the
Public Defender of Montgomery County continue to represent Appellant.
7
Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).
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Appellant filed a counseled Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement on October
22, 2015, and a Supplemental Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement on November
16, 2016.
Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:
1. [W]hether the trial court erred in merely combining the
Gagnon I and Gagnon II hearings where case law
“clearly requires two independent hearings[?]”
[1(b)] Whether Appellant was afforded notice or presented
with disclosure of the evidence to be presented against
him[?]
2(a). Whether the trial court erred in finding [A]ppellant in
violation of his Montgomery County probation before he
was sentenced on the new charges out of Philadelphia,
which was the basis for the Montgomery County violation?
2(b). Whether the evidence was insufficient as a matter of
law to sustain a finding that [A]ppellant violated his
probation where there was no evidence presented at the
Gagnon hearing that he ever entered into a courtroom or
represented any person in a court of law and the only
evidence presented was a mere verdict sheet on the new
charges, not a certified copy of the [J]udgment of
[S]entence?[8]
2(c). Whether the trial court erred in finding [A]ppellant in
violation of his probation where he filed an appeal from the
Philadelphia County Municipal Court [J]udgment of
[S]entence?
8
Appellant has not presented any argument in his Brief in support of this
claim. Accordingly, it is waived.
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Appellant’s Brief at 8 (reordered for ease of disposition).9
In the first sub-issue of Appellant’s first issue, Appellant claims the
court violated his due process rights by improperly combining his Gagnon I
and Gagnon II hearings. Id. at 17.
Generally, “[w]hen a parolee or probationer is detained pending a
revocation hearing, due process requires a determination at a pre-revocation
hearing, a Gagnon I hearing, that probable cause exists to believe that a
violation has been committed.” Commonwealth v. Ferguson, 761 A.2d
613, 617 (Pa. Super. 2000). Where the court makes a finding of probable
cause, it must conduct a more comprehensive hearing—a Gagnon II
hearing—before making a final determination. Id.
Our review of the record indicates that on December 31, 2014, the
trial court scheduled Appellant’s Gagnon I hearing for January 20, 2015.
However, on January 5, 2015, Appellant filed a pro se Motion to Lift Detainer
or Immediate Hearing on the Matter, in which he requested “an immediate
Gagnon II hearing.” Trial Ct. Op., 6/20/16, at 7-8. At Appellant’s January
20, 2015 Gagnon I hearing, his counsel requested that the trial court
continue the matter to a Gagnon II hearing. Order, 1/20/15; see also
Trial Ct. Op. at 8. Then, on February 24, 2015, Appellant filed a pro se
Motion for an “immediate contested Gagnon II Hearing.” Motion, 2/24/15,
9
We note that, in violation of Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a), Appellant has raised in his
Brief two distinct claims within his first argument and three claims within his
second argument.
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at 1. On February 27, 2015, Appellant filed a Motion to Proceed Pro Se, and
Written Waiver of Counsel, and Immediate Hearing on the Matter, in which
he reiterated his request that he “would like to be placed on the court’s
earliest possible date for a Gagnon II hearing.” Motion, 2/27/15, at 2.
Based on our review of the docket, we conclude that the trial court did
not improperly consolidate Appellant’s Gagnon I and Gagnon II hearings.
In fact, it was Appellant who asked the court to continue his Gagnon I
hearing to a Gagnon II hearing and repeatedly requested that the court
immediately, at the earliest possible date, conduct his Gagnon II hearing.
Moreover, our review of the Notes of Testimony from Appellant’s April
20, 2015 hearing reflects Appellant did not object to the combined nature of
that proceeding at any time. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the
lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”).
Accordingly, Appellant is not entitled to relief.
In his second sub-issue, Appellant claims the Commonwealth did not
give him notice of the alleged violations of his probation or disclose the
evidence against him. Appellant’s Brief at 13. He avers that the court’s
conclusion that he sent to the court a signed Notice of Violation was
unsupported by the evidence because the Commonwealth did not present a
handwriting expert to confirm that it was, in fact, Appellant’s signature on
the notice of violation. Id. at 14. Appellant also claims that the
Commonwealth failed to prove at his Gagnon hearing that he received a
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certified copy of his conviction. Id. at 16. Thus, Appellant argues the
record at his Gagnon hearing failed to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that he received written notice of the claimed violations or
disclosure of the evidence against him. Id.
At a Gagnon I hearing, a defendant is entitled to “notice of the
alleged violations of probation . . ., an opportunity to appear and to present
evidence in his own behalf, a conditional right to confront adverse witnesses,
an independent decision[-]maker, and a written report of the hearing.”
Commonwealth v. Ferguson, 761 A.2d at 617 citing Gagnon, 411 U.S. at
786.
At a Gagnon II hearing, a defendant is entitled to “written notice of
the claimed violations of probation or parole; (b) disclosure to the
probationer or parolee of evidence against him; (c) opportunity to be heard
in person and to present witnesses and documentary evidence; (d) the right
to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses (unless the hearing officer
specifically finds good cause for not allowing confrontation); (e) a neutral
and detached hearing body such as a traditional parole board, members of
which need not be judicial officers or lawyers; and (f) a written statement by
the factfinders as to the evidence relied on and reasons for revoking
probation or parole.” Ferguson, 761 A.2d at 617-18, citing Gagnon, 411
U.S. at 768 (citation and quotation marks omitted)).
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Two facts belie Appellant’s claim that the Commonwealth failed to
prove that he received Notice of his probation violations. First, the
Commonwealth presented the testimony of Brittany Koch, a parole officer
from the Montgomery County Adult Probation Office. Ms. Koch testified that
she is familiar with Appellant and his probation file. N.T., 4/20/15, at 21,
22, 25. Ms. Koch identified documents presented by the Commonwealth as
copies of the Rules and Regulations of Montgomery County Probation and
Parole and Montgomery County Adult Probation Procedure of Charges of
Violations, which Appellant had signed.10 Id. at 24-25. The court marked
these documents as Exhibits C-1A and C-1B. Id. at 23. Ms. Koch testified
that, although she did not see Appellant sign these documents, she was
familiar with Appellant’s signature because there are “multiple copies of his
signature in the file[.]” Id. at 23, 48. Ms. Koch also testified that she was
familiar with Appellant’s signature because the Probation Office had received
correspondence from Appellant. Id. at 26. Ms. Koch testified that the
signature on the letter sent to the Probation Office matched the signature on
the forms marked Exhibits C-1A and C-1B.
Appellant’s counsel objected to Ms. Koch’s authentication of
Appellant’s signature, and the trial court sustained his objection. However,
it is clear that Ms. Koch permissibly opined as to the authenticity of
10
Ms. Koch admitted on cross-examination that she did not know on what
date Appellant had signed the documents, and the hearing exhibits are not
part of the Certified Record. See N.T., 4/20/15, at 48.
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Appellant’s signature on the Notice of Violation returned, via U.S. Mail, to
the Montgomery County Adult Probation Office, as Pa.R.E. 901(b)(2) permits
a non-expert to authenticate handwriting if her opinion is “based on a
familiarity with it that was not acquired for the current litigation.” Pa.R.E.
901(b)(2).
Furthermore, and more importantly, at the Commonwealth’s request,
the court took judicial notice of, and admitted as exhibits, two pro se
Motions filed by Appellant on March 3, 2015 and April 1, 2015, to which
Appellant appended copies of his Notice of Violation. The court concluded,
on the record at Appellant’s hearing, that, “having sent a copy of those
documents to the court with his signature affixed to the filing to which they
were attached, you have established that he had a copy of that document.”
N.T., 4/20/15, at 61. Accordingly, Appellant’s claim with respect to Notice
of his Violation fails.11
Appellant also claims that the Commonwealth failed to prove that
Appellant received a copy of the Certified Copy of his Conviction, and that,
therefore, the Commonwealth did not disclose to Appellant all of the
evidence against him. Appellant’s Brief at 16.
With respect to presenting the evidence of Appellant’s Philadelphia
County Municipal Court conviction, the Commonwealth presented the
11
Moreover, Appellant has not supported his bald assertion, that in the
absence of a handwriting expert witness, the Commonwealth failed to prove
that he had Notice of his Violation, with citation to any authority.
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testimony of Mr. Mark Gaillard from the Philadelphia County Office of Judicial
Records. Id. at 51. The Commonwealth questioned Mr. Gaillard about the
“trial disposition and dismissal form” from Appellant’s Philadelphia County
case, noting the Municipal Court’s finding of “guilty.” Id. at 53-56. Mr.
Gaillard also testified about, and the violation of probation court admitted
into evidence, the Criminal Complaint in the Philadelphia County matter. Id.
at 56-59.
Our review of the Notes of Testimony indicates that Appellant did not
object to the Commonwealth’s admission of the Philadelphia County business
records evidencing Appellant’s conviction. N.T., 4/20/15, at 56. In fact,
Appellant’s counsel conceded that he could not contest the fact of
Appellant’s conviction. Id. at 65-66. Therefore, Appellant did not preserve
this issue for appeal, and it is, thus, waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues
not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first
time on appeal.”).
In the first sub-issue of Appellant’s second issue, Appellant claims the
trial court erred in finding him in violation of probation in Montgomery
County because the Philadelphia County court had not sentenced him on his
conviction there. Appellant’s Brief at 20. Appellant insists that the March 3,
2015 verdict sheet from Philadelphia Municipal Court County was insufficient
to prove Appellant’s Montgomery County probation violation. Id.
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“[A] court may revoke an order of probation upon proof of the
violation of specified conditions of the probation.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9771(b).
Our Supreme Court has repeatedly acknowledged that this is a broad
standard as “[a] probation violation is established whenever it is shown that
the conduct of the probationer indicates [that] the probation has proven to
have been an ineffective vehicle to accomplish rehabilitation and not
sufficient to deter against future antisocial conduct.” Commonwealth v.
Infante, 888 A.2d 783, 791 (Pa. 2005). “[T]he Commonwealth need only
make this showing by a preponderance of the evidence.” Commonwealth
v. Ortega, 995 A.2d 879, 886 (Pa. Super. 2010). Even technical violations
are sufficient to trigger revocation. Commonwealth v. Sierra, 752 A.2d
910, 912 (Pa. Super. 2000) (upholding the revocation of probation based on
the appellant’s failure to properly report for scheduled appointments with
parole officer).
“It is well[-]settled that a probation violation hearing may be
conducted prior to a trial for the criminal charges based on the same
activities.” Commonwealth v. Castro, 856 A.2d 178, 180 (Pa. Super.
2004) (quoting Commonwealth v. Brown, 469 A.2d 1371, 1375 (Pa.
1983)). A violation of probation hearing also differs from a criminal trial in
the following manner:
The focus of a probation hearing, even though prompted
by a subsequent arrest, is whether the conduct of the
probationer indicates that the probation has proven to be
an effective vehicle to accomplish rehabilitation and a
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sufficient deterrent against future anti-social conduct. It
must be emphasized that a probation revocation hearing is
not a trial: “The court's purpose is not to determine
whether the probationer committed a crime.... It follows
that probation revocation hearings are flexible, and
material not admissible at trial may be considered by the
court. The degree of proof necessary for probation
revocation is less than that required to sustain a criminal
conviction. Probation may be revoked on the basis of
conduct which falls short of criminal conduct.
Castro, 856 A.2d at 180 (quoting Commonwealth v. Spinozzi, 345 A.2d
181, 182-83 (Pa. Super. 1975)).
Appellant’s claim that entry of his Judgment of Sentence in
Philadelphia County was a condition precedent to a violation of probation in
Montgomery County is wholly without merit. Based on our review of the
relevant authority, we agree with the trial court that, “[t]here is no
requirement that [Appellant] had to be convicted and sentenced [on] the
underlying conviction prior to revocation.” Trial Ct. Op. at 13. Accordingly,
this claim fails.
In his last issue, Appellant claims the trial court erred in finding him in
violation of his probation because he filed an appeal from the Philadelphia
County Municipal Court Judgment of Sentence.
In Commonwealth v. Davis, 336 A.2d 616 (Pa. Super. 1975), this
court held that if a probationer is convicted of an offense within the
Municipal Court’s jurisdiction before a probation revocation hearing, “[e]ven
though there is an automatic right to appeal and to obtain a trial de novo in
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the Court of Common Pleas, [ ] a Gagnon II hearing may be held without
awaiting the outcome of that trial.” Davis, supra at 623.
Moreover, there is a difference between a trial on criminal charges and
a probation revocation, and even if a defendant is later acquitted of the
underlying criminal charges, “factual support of the earlier revocation of
probation is not necessarily removed, and the revocation may still stand.”
Commonwealth v. Tomczak, 381 A.2d 140, 142 (Pa. Super. 1977).
Here, as a condition of Appellant’s probation he was obligated to
comply with all local, state, and federal criminal laws. The Commonwealth
proved by a preponderance of the evidence at Appellant’s Gagnon II
hearing that Appellant violated the rules of his probation. Accordingly,
pursuant to the holding in Davis, Appellant is not entitled to relief.
Judgment of Sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/29/2017
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