IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-0096
Filed May 17, 2017
SOMVANG MEKSAVANH,
Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Stephen C.
Clarke, Judge.
Somvang Meksavanh appeals the denial and dismissal of his application
for postconviction relief. AFFIRMED.
Edward W. Bjornstad of Bjornstad Law Office, Spirit Lake, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Sharon K. Hall, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Doyle and McDonald, JJ.
2
DOYLE, Judge.
In 2011, Somvang Meksavanh was convicted, as a second and habitual
offender, of possession of more than five grams of methamphetamine with the
intent to deliver, as well as failure to affix a drug tax stamp. See State v.
Meksavanh, No. 12-1878, 2014 WL 3749356, *1-3 (Iowa Ct. App. July 30, 2014).
We affirmed his convictions on appeal and preserved his ineffective-assistance-
of-counsel claims for postconviction-relief (PCR) proceedings. See id.
After Meksavanh filed an application1 for PCR, a hearing was held in
2015. Thereafter, the district court entered its order denying and dismissing
Meksavanh’s PCR application, finding Meksavanh’s trial counsel provided
Meksavanh effective assistance. Meksavanh now appeals, arguing his trial
counsel was ineffective (1) for permitting him to stipulate to his prior convictions
“without investigation and analysis of the underlying convictions,” and (2) in
failing to advise him concerning the immigration consequences of entering a
guilty plea. Our review of ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims is de novo.
See More v. State, 880 N.W.2d 487, 498 (Iowa 2016); Nguyen v. State, 878
N.W.2d 744, 750 (Iowa 2016).
To succeed on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a PCR
applicant “must prove by a preponderance of evidence ‘(1) his trial counsel failed
to perform an essential duty, and (2) this failure resulted in prejudice.’” Rhoades
1
Meksavanh filed a pro se PCR application in 2013. He filed a second application for
PCR in December 2014. Though both applications concerned his 2011 convictions, the
applications were assigned separate case numbers in district court. However, both
applications were heard by the district court in one PCR proceeding, and the court’s
subsequent ruling denied and dismissed both PCR applications. Meksavanh then
appealed both PCR cases, and our supreme court consolidated the cases upon
Meksavanh’s motion. Consequently, though we recognize there were two PCR cases,
we refer to the matter in the singular.
3
v. State, 848 N.W.2d 22, 28 (Iowa 2014) (citation omitted). If Meksavanh cannot
establish both elements, his claim fails; thus, if we find one element lacking, we
need not address the other element. See State v. Schlitter, 881 N.W.2d 380, 388
(Iowa 2016). “[I]t is the applicant’s burden to present facts establishing
inadequate representation.” King v. State, 797 N.W.2d 565, 571 (Iowa 2011).
Stipulation to Prior Convictions. Meksavanh asserts that he was
prejudiced by his trial attorney’s failure to “investigate the circumstances
surrounding [his] two prior convictions.” He essentially argues that had his trial
attorney investigated the convictions, the attorney would have learned
Meksavanh had “limited language skills” and probably did not understand the
consequences of the guilty pleas he entered in the prior cases. Even assuming
this claim was preserved for our review, the claim fails on its merits.2
Meksavanh was convicted of two felonies in 1997, and the statute of
limitations to challenge his guilty pleas for lack of understanding had long since
passed by the time of his 2011 convictions. See Nguyen, 878 N.W.2d at 751
(discussing the statute of limitations for PCR actions set forth in Iowa Code
section 822.3). Consequently, once the State alleged in the trial information that
2
As the State notes—and we cannot stress this enough—filing a notice of appeal “has
nothing to do with error preservation.” State v. Lange, 831 N.W.2d 844, 846-47 (Iowa
Ct. App. 2013); see also Thomas A. Mayes & Anuradha Vaitheswaran, Error
Preservation in Civil Appeals in Iowa: Perspectives on Present Practice, 55 Drake L.
Rev. 39, 48 (Fall 2006). Rather, error preservation generally requires an issue “to be
both raised and decided by the district court before we will decide them on appeal.”
Lamasters v. State, 821 N.W.2d 856, 862 (Iowa 2012) (citation omitted). But because
“finding that [PCR] counsel below failed to preserve error by filing a motion [seeking a
ruling] would simply pave the way for another application for [PCR], alleging ineffective
assistance by [PCR] counsel,” id. at 865, and because “[i]neffective-assistance-of-
counsel claims are not bound by traditional rules of error preservation,” Nguyen, 878
N.W.2d at 750, we elect to bypass the error-preservation concern. See also State v.
Taylor, 596 N.W.2d 55, 56 (Iowa 1999) (bypassing an error-preservation problem and
proceeding to the merits of the appeal).
4
Meksavanh was subject to an increased sentence under the Iowa Code because
of one or more prior convictions, Meksavanh was only entitled to an “opportunity
in open court to affirm or deny that the offender is the person previously
convicted, or that the offender was not represented by counsel and did not waive
counsel.” Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.19(9). Meksavanh did not and does not claim the
1997 convictions were not his convictions or that he lacked representation in
those matters. Therefore, his counsel had no duty to further investigate his prior
convictions charged by the State or to challenge the convictions’ existence. See
id.; State v. McBride, 625 N.W.2d 372, 375-76 (Iowa Ct. App. 2001); see also
Millam v. State, 745 N.W.2d 719, 721-22 (Iowa 2008) (“Trial counsel has no duty
to raise an issue that has no merit.”). Similarly, Meksavanh was not prejudiced
by the “failure” because further investigation of the prior convictions would not
have prevented him from receiving an enhanced sentence. See McBride, 625
N.W.2d at 375-76. Because Meksavanh failed to establish either element—duty
or prejudice—of an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, the claim fails as a
matter of law.
Rejection of Guilty-Plea Offer and Immigration. Meksavanh also
claims his counsel rendered ineffective assistance because he was not advised
of the immigration consequences related to entering a guilty plea.3 More
specifically, he maintains that “while he may have been advised of his rights from
a guilty plea, he was not advised during the plea deal process.” Regarding this
point, the PCR court found and concluded:
3
As with his other ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, Meksavanh merely points to
the filing of the notice of appeal as establishing error was preserved. Bypassing error-
preservation concerns, we address the claim as asserted.
5
In the present case, [Meksavanh] did not plead guilty; he
was found guilty following a bench trial. [Meksavanh’s trial counsel]
testified he advised [Meksavanh] of possible deportation
consequences. Assuming, without deciding, that trial counsel failed
to advise [Meksavanh] of deportation consequences, [Meksavanh]
failed to establish prejudice. [Meksavanh] rejected the plea offer
and proceeded to trial. Even if [Meksavanh] had not been informed
of deportation consequences of a plea, he did not accept the plea
and therefore could not be prejudiced. As [Meksavanh] has failed
to establish prejudice his claim must fail.
Upon our review of the record, we agree.
Meksavanh also claims, because of the complicated nature of immigration
issues, he should have had an interpreter during the plea negotiations.
Regarding the interpreter issue, the PCR court found:
[Meksavanh’s trial attorney] testified he never had difficulty
communicating verbally with [Meksavanh] in English. Transcripts
reflect that [Meksavanh] spoke to the judge in English during
colloquies at the trial, verdict, and hearings regarding prior
convictions, and the sentencing. [Meksavanh] made no statements
regarding either his inability to understand English, nor did he ever
request an interpreter. [Meksavanh] has provided no evidence to
support that an interpreter was necessary during sessions with trial
counsel or court proceedings.
The PCR court concluded:
On these facts, the court does not find [Meksavanh] had
difficulty speaking in English or ever attempted to communicate
such a difficulty. Therefore, trial counsel was not ineffective for
failing to secure the services of an interpreter. The court also notes
it is unaware of any presumption that an interpreter is required
simply based on a defendant’s country of birth, despite
[Meksavanh’s] . . . insinuation. As [Meksavanh] failed to provide
any supporting evidence, trial counsel cannot be found ineffective
for not utilizing an interpreter.
Upon our review of the record, we agree.
Finally, Meksavanh now claims his counsel should have advised him “in
the plea negotiations to accept a plea.” This argument also lacks merit.
6
To show prejudice, Meksavanh was required to establish the outcome of
the plea process would have been different but for counsel’s alleged error. See
Dempsey v. State, 860 N.W.2d 860, 869 (Iowa 2015). However, there is nothing
in the record or PCR-hearing transcript concerning the plea negotiations related
to the 2011 convictions. There is not even a self-serving statement by
Meksavanh that he would have pled guilty had he been so advised.
Consequently, Meksavanh failed to establish he was prejudiced, and his
ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim on the subject fails as a matter of law.
For all the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court’s denial and
dismissal of Meksavanh’s PCR application.
AFFIRMED.