IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-2209
Filed May 17, 2017
IN THE INTEREST OF O.H. and P.H.,
Minor Children,
T.H., Father,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Susan C. Cox, District
Associate Judge.
The father appeals a dispositional order in a child-in-need-of-assistance
proceeding that denied him visitation with his two minor children. AFFIRMED.
Thomas A. Hurd of Law Office of Thomas Hurd P.L.C., Des Moines, for
appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kristi A. Traynor, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee State.
Karl Wolle of Juvenile Defender Office, Des Moines, guardian ad litem for
minor children.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Potterfield and Bower, JJ.
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POTTERFIELD, Judge.
Thomas Harlow appeals the child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA)
dispositional order that denied him visitation with his two minor children. He
claims there are sufficient safeguards to protect the children during visitation and
the no-contact order that resulted from his charge for committing sexual abuse in
the second degree is unconstitutional. Because the order is in the children’s best
interests, we affirm.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
On October 1, 2016, the Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS)
removed O.H. and P.H. after the father and P.H.’s mother were arrested
following allegations they sexually abused the mother’s other child, T.W.,1 while
he was visiting the mother’s home. According to police reports, the father forced
the mother and child to perform oral and vaginal sex while the father watched.
The reports also allege that O.H. witnessed the incident and P.H. was in another
room. During the criminal proceedings, the court entered a no-contact order
prohibiting the father from contacting “any person under the age of eighteen.”
On October 4, 2016, the State filed a CINA petition that alleged O.H. and
P.H. to children in need of assistance. In its October 11 order following the
subsequent removal hearing, the court confirmed removal and placed the
children under the care of their paternal grandparents. The court ordered the
mother and father to participate in “all available jail programming” along with
1
O.H. is the father’s child from a previous relationship. O.H.’s mother is not involved
with the proceedings and did not appear for any hearings, and it is alleged she is
incarcerated out of state. P.H.’s mother is not a party to this appeal. T.W. is under the
primary physical care of his father, who is also not a party to this appeal.
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other services offered by DHS. On November 16, 2016, the court adjudicated
O.H. and P.H. as children in need of assistance. The court also found the
paternal grandparents did not provide proper care and placed temporary legal
custody of O.H. with her maternal grandparents. Temporary legal custody of P.H.
was placed with her maternal aunt and uncle.
On December 7, the court held a dispositional hearing. At the time of the
hearing, the father was incarcerated. The father requested in-person visitation
with his children, or in the alternative, video visitation. In its order, the court
confirmed O.H. and P.H. were children in need of assistance. The court also
denied the father’s request for visitation. The court explained:
The father’s request for visits with the children is denied. Any
contact with children is prohibited by the criminal no contact order.
The court further finds it is not in the children’s best interests. [The
father] has not received sex offender treatment. Furthermore, the
court finds one of the children was present during the sexual abuse
of their half sibling.
The father appeals the dispositional order denying visitation.
II. Standard of Review.
Our review of an action arising from child-in-need-of-assistance
proceedings is de novo. In re K.B., 753 N.W.2d 14, 14 (Iowa 2008). While we
are not bound by the juvenile court’s factual findings, we give them weight,
especially when considering the credibility of witnesses. See In re K.N., 625
N.W.2d 731, 733 (Iowa 2001). “The most important consideration in any CINA
case is the best interests of the child.” In re D.D., 653 N.W.2d 359, 362 (Iowa
2002).
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III. Discussion.
The father argues the no-contact order referenced in the juvenile court’s
denial of visitation is unconstitutional. The no-contact order was entered on
October 2, 2016, in a separate criminal action. The father did not appeal from
the entry of the October no-contact order; he cannot piggy-back his complaint
about the no-contact order on this appeal of the dispositional order.2 See Croak
v. Gateway Transp. Co., 209 N.W.2d 39, 41 (Iowa 1973) (quoting Reimers v.
McElree, 28 N.W.2d 569, 571 (Iowa 1947) (holding an impermissible collateral
attack is “an attack made by or in an action or proceeding that has an
independent purpose other than the impeaching or overturning of the judgment,
although impeaching or overturning the judgment may be necessary to the
success of the action”)); Peterson v. Eitzen, 173 N.W.2d 848, 850 (Iowa 1970)
(holding the defendant’s attack on a nunc pro tunc order that dismissed the
plaintiff’s prior action without prejudice was an impermissible collateral attack and
affirming the trial court’s treatment of the order as a verity). Nor did the father
raise any constitutional issues during the dispositional hearing. See State v.
Krogmann, 804 N.W.2d 518, 523 (Iowa 2011) (explaining that where a party
does not raise constitutional arguments to the district court, those arguments are
not preserved for appeal). The father has not preserved error on the
constitutionality of the October 2, 2016 no-contact order.
The father next claims the district court’s denial of visitation with O.H. and
P.H. is not in the children’s best interests because there are safeguards available
2
The father has not requested a modification of the no-contact order to allow for visits
with the children.
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during visitation to protect the children, namely video visitation and the presence
of family safety, risk, and permanency workers. The father misses the point.
Protection of the children from physical harm by the father is only part of the
concern for the children. During a CINA proceeding, the State is required to
“make every reasonable effort to return the child to the child’s home as quickly as
possible consistent with the best interests of the child.” Iowa Code § 232.102 (7)
(2016); In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 2000). “The focus is on services
to improve parenting. However, it also includes visitation designed to facilitate
reunification while providing adequate protection for the child.” C.B., 611 N.W.2d
at 493. “[W]hat constitutes reasonable services varies based upon the
requirements of each individual case.” In re C.H., 652 N.W.2d 144, 147 (Iowa
2002).
Visitation between a parent and child is an important ingredient to the goal
of reunification. See In re S.W., 469 N.W.2d 278, 280–81 (Iowa Ct. App. 1991).
However, the children’s best interests always control the nature and extent of
visitation. See In re Augustus, 158 N.W.2d 625, 629 (Iowa 1968) (holding best-
interest standard is the governing consideration in determining temporary
custody). This standard may warrant restricted parental visitation. See In re
C.G., 444 N.W.2d 518, 520 (Iowa Ct. App. 1989); see also In re L.H.B., No. 14-
0444, 2014 WL 2600323, at *1, *3 (Iowa Ct. App. 2014) (finding DHS restricted
visitation in CINA proceedings because the parents were unable to handle the
children’s behavior and discussed inappropriate topics during visitation). While
we note the father was not convicted of the alleged crime as of the hearing date,
in the context of visitation rights in a child custody proceedings, “an individual
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who is a parent of a minor child and who has been convicted of a sex offense
against a minor as defined in section 692A.101, is not entitled to visitation rights
while incarcerated.” Iowa Code § 598.41A(2).
After reviewing the record before us, we find it is in the best interests of
the children to deny visitation by the father. The father is incarcerated pending a
charge of sexual abuse in the second degree against the mother’s young son.
The father allegedly forced O.H. to witness the mother sexually abuse her son
and the children’s half-sibling. Moreover, the father has yet to address the issues
that led to the CINA action. See In re B.A., No. 00-1050, 2001 WL 427610, at *2,
*4 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 27, 2001) (affirming termination where district court placed
restrictions on visitation “until such time as the parents have entered into
individual therapy and made substantial progress in dealing with the issues of
abuse and neglect of the children”); see also In re G.A., 826 N.W.2d 125, 129
(Iowa Ct. App. 2012) (“The father must take personal responsibility for his own
wrongful and criminal acts, and cannot use such acts as a justification for his lack
of relationship with the child.”). We agree with the district court; it is in the
children’s best interests to deny visitation.
AFFIRMED.