FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
SEP 11 2017
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
KATINA ANN PARKER, No. 15-16936
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 1:14-cv-00763-BAM
v. MEMORANDUM*
NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Acting
Commissioner Social Security,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of California
Barbara McAuliffe, Magistrate Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted May 16, 2017
San Francisco, California
Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, WARDLAW, Circuit Judge, and MORRIS,**
District Judge.
Katina Parker (“Parker”) appeals the denial of her application for
Supplemental Security Income benefits under Title XVI of the Social Security Act.
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We reverse and remand for further
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The Honorable Brian M. Morris, United States District Judge for the
District of Montana, sitting by designation.
proceedings. The parties are familiar with the facts, which we repeat here only to
the extent necessary to explain our decision.
Parker argues that the ALJ erred when he rejected three limitations described
by her examining psychologist without providing legally sufficient reasons for
doing so. The three limitations are: 1) Parker’s marked difficulty interacting
adequately with others; 2) Parker’s moderate difficulty responding to changes in a
routine work setting; and 3) Parker’s moderate difficulty with two-part
instructions.
A. Marked Difficulty Interacting with Others
Examining psychologist Dr. Robert Bilbrey, Ph.D. conducted a functional
assessment of Parker on March 28, 2011. Dr. Bilbrey opined that Parker would
have “marked difficulty interacting adequately with others.” The term “marked”
denotes a serious limitation in function. See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1,
Listing 12.00(F)(2)(d). It is reasonable to infer that Dr. Bilbrey intended the term
“others” to include not only the public, but also supervisors and co-workers. Dr.
Bilbrey made this determination based upon his personal observations of Parker,
and Parker’s reported minimal interactions with neighbors and strangers.
Non-examining consultant Dr. Harvey Bilik, Psy.D., conducted a functional
assessment of Parker on April 25, 2011. Dr. Bilik made his assessment based upon
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a review of Parker’s records. Dr. Bilik’s functional assessment of Parker differed
significantly from the functional assessment of Dr. Bilbrey on one matter. Dr. Bilik
offered a less restrictive view of Parker’s ability to work with co-workers and
supervisors. Dr. Bilik indicated on his functional assessment form that Parker was
only “moderately limited” in her “ability to get along with co-workers or peers.”
Dr. Bilik opined that Parker appeared “able to interact appropriately with others,”
but “may benefit from reduced interactions with the public.” Non-examining
consultant A. Garcia, M.D., reviewed Parker’s records on October 3, 2011. Dr.
Garcia summarily agreed with Dr. Bilik’s functional assessment.
The ALJ adopted Dr. Bilik’s assessment of Parker’s ability to interact with
co-workers and supervisors. The ALJ failed to explain why he rejected Dr.
Bilbrey’s opinion that Parker would have a marked difficulty interacting with
others.
Social Security law regards a psychologist as a “physician.” Lester v.
Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830 n. 7 (9th Cir. 1995) as amended (Apr. 9, 1996). The law
gives the opinion of an examining physician more weight than the opinion of a
non-examining physician. Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 592 (9th Cir. 2004).
An ALJ may reject the contradicted opinion of an examining physician only if he
provides specific, legitimate reasons supported by substantial evidence in the
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record. See Ryan v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 528 F.3d 1194, 1198 (9th Cir. 2008). An
ALJ may satisfy the substantial evidence requirement by “setting out a detailed and
thorough summary of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence,” stating his
interpretation of the evidence, and making findings. Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d
715, 725 (9th Cir. 1998). The ALJ must do more, however, than state conclusions.
Id.
The opinion of a non-examining physician cannot by itself constitute
substantial evidence that justifies the rejection of an opinion of an examining
physician. Tonapetyan v. Halter, 242 F.3d 1144, 1149 (9th Cir. 2001); Lester, 81
F.3d at 831. The opinion of a non-examining physician may qualify as substantial
evidence only if other independent evidence in the record supports the opinion. Id.
The ALJ committed legal error when he rejected the limitation described by
Dr. Bilbrey — that Parker would have a “marked difficulty interacting adequately
with others” — without providing any specific, legitimate reasons for doing so. See
Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1282 (9th Cir. 1996). The ALJ identified no
independent evidence in the record that supports his decision to reject Dr. Bilbrey’s
opinion. The ALJ offers only a conclusory statement that his assessment of
Parker’s residual functional capacity “is supported by the opinions of the
consultative examiners and the state-agency consultants.”
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B. Moderate Difficulty Responding to Change in Routine Work
Setting, Moderate Difficulty with Two-Part Instructions
Dr. Bilbrey opined that Parker had two other limitations: moderate difficulty
responding to changes in a routine work setting; and moderate difficulty with two-
part instructions. These two limitations were uncontradicted. Dr. Bilik agreed that
Parker possessed these limitations.
Dr. Bilik noted on his functional assessment form that Parker had a moderate
limitation in her “ability to respond appropriately to changes in the work setting.”
Dr. Bilik also noted that Parker may not be able to understand, remember, and
carry out “complex instructions.” The ALJ failed to include either of these
limitations, described by Dr. Bilbrey, in the hypothetical that he presented to the
vocational expert.
An ALJ may reject the uncontradicted opinions of an examining physician
only if he provides clear and convincing reasons supported by substantial evidence.
Lester, 81 F.3d at 830. The ALJ failed to explain why he rejected these
uncontradicted opinions of Dr. Bilbrey. The ALJ’s failure to provide clear and
convincing reasons for rejecting these opinions constituted legal error.
When an ALJ fails to provide adequate reasons for rejecting the opinions of
an examining physician, the opinions must be accepted as a matter of law.
Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172, 1178 (9th Cir. 2000). The ALJ failed to provide
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legally sufficient reasons for rejecting Dr. Bilbrey’s opinions. The opinions of Dr.
Bilbrey must be accepted as true on remand.
C. Hypothetical Question
Parker argues that the ALJ’s hypothetical question to the vocational expert
was legally deficient. We agree. Hypothetical questions posed to a vocational
expert must include all of the medical and vocational limitations of the claimant
supported by substantial evidence in the record. Osenbrock v. Apfel, 240 F.3d
1157, 1163 (9th Cir. 2001). Here, the ALJ’s hypothetical question was legally
deficient because it was based upon his improper rejection of three of Dr. Bilbrey’s
opinions.
The ALJ, on remand, must accept all of the limitations described by Dr.
Bilbrey as true. The ALJ must ask the vocational expert whether Parker can
perform jobs in significant numbers in the national economy, taking into
consideration the following three additional limitations: 1) that Parker has “marked
difficulty interacting adequately with others,” including supervisors, co-workers,
and the general public; 2) that Parker has moderate difficulty with two-part
instructions; and 3) that Parker has moderate difficulty responding to changes in a
routine work setting.
REVERSED AND REMANDED for further proceedings.
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