NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-5280-15T3
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
MELISSA A. MERSMANN, a/k/a
MELISSA ARRINGTON,
Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________
Argued telephonically July 13, 2017 – Decided October 11, 2017
Before Judges Simonelli and Carroll.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Monmouth County,
Indictment No. 15-01-0152.
Mitchell A. Ansell argued the cause for
appellant (Ansell Grimm & Aaron, PC,
attorneys; Mr. Ansel1, on the brief).
Monica do Outeiro, Assistant Prosecutor,
argued the cause for respondent (Christopher
J. Gramiccioni, Monmouth County Prosecutor,
attorney; Mary R. Juliano, Assistant
Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Following the denial of her motion to suppress, defendant
Melissa A. Mersmann pled guilty to fourth-degree operating a motor
vehicle during a period of suspension by operating a motor vehicle
while her license was suspended for a second or subsequent
violation of N.J.S.A. 39:4-50 or N.J.S.A. 39:4-50(a), contrary to
N.J.S.A. 2C:40-26(b). The court sentenced defendant to a one-year
term of probation with a mandatory 180 days to be served in the
county jail. The judge released defendant on her own recognizance
and granted bail pending appeal.
On appeal, defendant raises the following contentions:
I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING
DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO SUPPRESS BECAUSE
THE MOTOR VEHICLE STOP AND INVESTIGATIVE
DETENTION WAS NOT SUPPORTED BY A
REASONABLE ARTICULABLE SUSPICION OF A
MOTOR VEHICLE OFFENSE.
II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE
DEFENDANT WAS THE OPERATOR OR HAD THE
INTENT AND ABILITY TO OPERATE THE FORD
EXPLORER.
We reject these contentions and affirm.
I.
We derive the following facts from the record. On the evening
of October 1, 2014, Ciara Seig called 9-1-1 and reported that she
was traveling on Route 36 in Union Beach and saw someone driving
a white Ford Explorer "all over the road like they're drunk . . .
all over the road, like, swerving in and out of the lanes[,]"
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using "no blinker[,]" "almost crashing into the curb[,]" and "like
crazy driving . . . really like all over." Seig gave a description
of the vehicle, its license plate number, and its route of travel.
She followed the Explorer to the parking lot of the Shore Café and
saw the driver and passenger exit the vehicle. She stayed on the
phone with the 9-1-1 operator until she saw a Union Beach patrol
car arrive where the Explorer was parked, and then left.
Special Class II Officer Joseph Russo from the Union Beach
Police Department responded to the parking lot of the Shore Café
and parked his patrol car approximately five feet from the rear
of the Explorer. He saw a female, later identified as Susan
Svenson, standing outside the passenger side door. Russo confirmed
that the license plate number of the Explorer was the same as the
number Seig had provided to the 9-1-1 operator. The vehicle was
owned by defendant's husband.
The Explorer was parked when Russo arrived, but as he
approached the rear, he heard the engine start and the person
sitting in the driver's seat, later identified as defendant, yell
to Svenson "Get in the car, let's go." Russo saw the brake lights
illuminate and yelled to defendant not to move the vehicle and to
turn off the engine. After ten seconds, defendant complied. The
vehicle never moved. Russo touched the hood and felt "it was
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really hot." He did not fear that defendant would drive away
because his patrol car was blocking the Explorer.
Russo asked defendant for her credentials and told her to
remain in the Explorer. Defendant did not comply and as she exited
the vehicle, fell out and had to hold onto the door to prevent
herself from falling to the ground. Russo smelled the odor of an
alcoholic beverage coming from defendant's breath as she fell out
of the Explorer.
When Russo asked defendant how she and Svenson arrived at the
Shore Café, she initially said "Susan," but then said "no one
drove." Defendant admitted she had no driver's license, and
dispatch confirmed it was suspended. Svenson pointed to defendant
when Russo asked how she and defendant arrived at the Shore Café.
When Russo told defendant that he saw her in the driver's seat,
she denied it and said she did not know how the Explorer got to
the Shore Café.
Russo saw that defendant and Svenson had food all over their
clothing and asked Svenson what happened. She replied that they
had gone to a bar at approximately 6:00 p.m. and had a few drinks,
went to Taco Bell, then were driving around and defendant was "all
over the place, and the food spilled all over them from [defendant]
driving erratically." When Russo asked defendant again who was
driving the Explorer, defendant again said that no one was driving
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and she did not know how the vehicle got to the Shore Café. Russo
administered field sobriety tests to defendant, which she did not
perform satisfactorily. During one test, defendant started to
fall over and Russo grabbed her before she fell down. Russo
arrested defendant for driving while intoxicated (DWI).
Defendant filed a motion to suppress her arrest based, in
part, on the lack of probable cause that she operated or intended
to operate the Explorer. In denying the motion, the motion judge
noted that proof of actual operation is not necessary, but rather,
operation can be established by circumstances which indicate an
intent to operate. The judge made detailed factual findings and
concluded based on the totality of the circumstances there was
probable cause that defendant operated the Explorer within the
meaning of N.J.S.A. 39:4-50(a) and relevant case law. This appeal
followed.
II.
Defendant contends in Point I the motor vehicle stop and
investigative detention were not supported by a reasonable and
articulable suspicion that she committed a motor vehicle offense.
Defendant argues that because Russo did not see her operating the
Explorer, there was no corroboration of the information Seig
5 A-5280-15T3
provided to the 9-1-1 operator about the driver's erratic driving.1
We disagree.
Our Supreme Court has established the standard of review
applicable to consideration of a trial judge's ruling on a motion
to suppress:
Appellate review of a motion judge's factual
findings in a suppression hearing is highly
deferential. We are obliged to uphold the
motion judge's factual findings so long as
sufficient credible evidence in the record
supports those findings. Those factual
findings are entitled to deference because the
motion judge, unlike an appellate court, has
the opportunity to hear and see the witnesses
and to have the feel of the case, which a
reviewing court cannot enjoy.
[State v. Gonzalez, 227 N.J. 77, 101 (2016)
(quoting State v. Johnson, 42 N.J. 146, 161
(1964)).]
The trial court's legal conclusions, however, are subject to de
novo review. State v. Hreha, 217 N.J. 368, 382 (2014). Applying
these standards, we discern no reason to reverse the denial of
defendant's motion to suppress.
1
Defense counsel improperly stated in defendant's merits brief,
with no support in the record whatsoever, that Seig "provided a
fictitious telephone number to the [9-1-1] operator" and "may have
intentionally misidentified herself to the [9-1-1] operator."
"[I]t is inappropriate and may be sanctionable for an attorney to
include facts outside the record." Pressler & Verniero, Current
N.J. Court Rules, comment 3 on R. 2:6-2(a)(4) (2018). Thus, we
disregard those statements.
6 A-5280-15T3
"[W]hen the anonymous tip is conveyed through a 9-1-1 call
and contains sufficient information to trigger public safety
concerns and to provide an ability to identify the person, a police
officer may undertake an investigatory stop of that individual.
[Our Supreme] Court has previously treated an anonymous 9-1-1 call
as more reliable than other anonymous tips." State v. Gamble, 218
N.J. 412, 429 (2014). An investigative stop of a vehicle is
allowable based on an anonymous 9-1-1 call reporting erratic
driving. State v. Golotta, 178 N.J. 205, 209 (2003). The Court
in Golotta held that a 9-1-1 call establishes reasonable suspicion
for a stop when it: (1) conveys that the caller witnessed an
ongoing offense that implicates a risk of imminent death or serious
injury to a person or the public; (2) was placed close in time to
the caller's first-hand observations; and (3) provides a
sufficient quality of information, such as vehicle description,
license plate number and direction, to ensure the vehicle stopped
is the same one the caller identified. Id. at 221-22.
In Navarette v. California, 572 U.S. ___, ___, 134 S. Ct.
1683, 1690-91, 188 L. Ed. 2d 680, 689-91 (2014), the Supreme Court
favorably referred to Golotta, and used a similar rationale in
holding that an anonymous 9-1-1 call claiming eyewitness knowledge
of dangerous driving contained sufficient indicia of reliability.
Independent police corroboration is not required. Id. at ___, 134
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S. Ct. at 1691-92, 188 L. Ed. 2d at 690-91 (rejecting independent
corroboration by recognizing that "allowing a drunk driver a second
chance for dangerous conduct [that could then be observed by a
police officer] could have disastrous consequences"); Golotta,
supra, 178 N.J. at 226 (holding that "a police officer need not
wait for corroboration that might be fatal to an innocent member
of the public or to the driver himself").
The facts of this case satisfy the factors prescribed in
Golotta. Seig reported the Explorer's erratic driving as she
witnessed it and provided a vehicle description, the license plate
number, the direction in which the vehicle was travelling, and the
location where it had stopped. What Seig witnessed as she followed
the Explorer was indicative of drunk driving that implicated a
risk of imminent death or serious injury to a person or the public.
See Navarette, supra, 572 U.S. at ___, 134 S. Ct. at 1690-91, 188
L. Ed. 2d at 689-91 (noting that driving "all over the road,"
"crossing over the center line," and "weaving back and forth" are
"dangerous behaviors" indicative of drunk driving). Because the
Golotta factors were satisfied, Seig's 9-1-1 call provided the
requisite reasonable suspicion for the stop of the Explorer and
the investigative detention.
8 A-5280-15T3
III.
Defendant contends in Point II that the judge erred in finding
she operated the Explorer or had the intent and ability to operate
it. This contention lacks merit.
N.J.S.A. 39:5-25 expressly authorizes a law enforcement
officer to "arrest without warrant any person who the officer has
probable cause to believe has operated a motor vehicle in violation
of [N.J.S.A.] 39:4-50 . . . regardless of whether the suspected
violation occurs in the officer's presence." "[A] person who
operates a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating
liquor . . . with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more"
is guilty of DWI. N.J.S.A. 39:4-50(a). The term "operate" as
used in N.J.S.A. 39:4-50(a) has been broadly interpreted. State
v. Tischio, 107 N.J. 504, 513 (1987); appeal dismissed, 484 U.S.
1038, 108 S. Ct. 768, 98 L. Ed. 2d 855 (1988).
Proof of actual operation is not required. Ibid. Intent to
move a motor vehicle is "operation" under the statute. Ibid. Our
Supreme Court has held that
a person "operates" -- or for that matter,
"drives" -- a motor vehicle under the
influence of intoxicating liquor, within the
meaning of N.J.S.A. 39:4-50 and 39:4-50.1,
when, in that condition, he enters a
stationary vehicle, on a public highway or in
a place devoted to public use, turns on the
ignition, starts and maintains the motor in
operation and remains in the driver's seat
9 A-5280-15T3
behind the steering wheel, with the intent to
move the vehicle[.]
[State v. Sweeney, 40 N.J. 359, 360-61
(1963).]
Evidence of intent to drive or "intent to move the vehicle"
satisfies the statutory requisite of operation so that actual
movement of the vehicle is not required. Id. at 361.
We have held there is probable cause to arrest a defendant
for DWI based on "intent to operate" where he was "behind the
wheel of a vehicle with its lights on and its engine running at a
time when his breath disclosed a heavy odor of alcohol." State
v. George, 257 N.J. Super. 493, 496-97 (App. Div. 1992). In State
v. Mulcahy, 107 N.J. 467, 480, the Court applied a pragmatic
understanding of "operating a motor vehicle" consistent with the
underlying legislative purpose, ruling that the apparently
intoxicated defendant's attempt to put his key into the vehicle's
ignition constituted operation of a motor vehicle within the
meaning of the DWI statutes.
There is sufficient credible evidence in this case that
defendant intended to operate the Explorer. She was sitting in
the driver's seat at the steering wheel with the engine on and
brakes engaged, and she yelled to her passenger to "Get in the
car, let's go." Even though defendant's vehicle never moved,
"engaging of the engine in a moving vehicle is not required for a
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conviction" for driving under the influence and, in turn, probable
cause of such. State v Stiene, 203 N.J. Super. 275, 279 (App.
Div.), certif. denied, 102 N.J. 375 (1985).
Defendant's conviction is affirmed, and the matter is
remanded to the trial court for imposition of sentence.
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