NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-2870-14T3
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
JESSE CHAMBERS, a/k/a
JESSIE D. CHAMBERS, a/k/a
DION POPE, a/k/a DION E.
ANDERSON, a/k/a JOE SANDERS,
a/k/a DION A. CHAMBERS,
Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________________
Argued September 14, 2017 – Decided October 27, 2017
Before Judges Simonelli, Haas and Rothstadt.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
Law Division, Middlesex County, Indictment
Nos. 09-02-0329, 13-01-0059 and 13-03-0340.
Elizabeth C. Jarit, Assistant Deputy Public
Defender, argued the cause for appellant
(Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney;
Ms. Jarit, of counsel and on the brief).
Joie D. Piderit, Assistant Prosecutor, argued
the cause for respondent (Andrew C. Carey,
Middlesex County Prosecutor, attorney; Ms.
Piderit, of counsel and on the brief).
Appellant filed a pro se supplemental brief.
PER CURIAM
Defendant Jesse Chambers appeals from his judgment of
conviction entered after the Law Division accepted his guilty
plea to committing violations of probation (VOP). Defendant
challenges his conviction and his sentence to a twelve-year term
with a fifty-four-month period of parole ineligibility imposed
by the VOP court on August 28, 2014. On appeal, defendant
specifically argues:
POINT I
CHAMBERS WAS DENIED HIS RIGHT TO
DUE PROCESS BECAUSE THE COURT
FAILED TO HOLD A HEARING TO
DETERMINE WHETHER CHAMBERS HAD
VIOLATED THE CONDITIONS OF
PROBATION, AND PLACED THE BURDEN
OF PROOF ON THE DEFENDANT TO
[ESTABLISH] HIS INNOCENCE.
POINT II
CHAMBERS' RIGHTS TO DUE PROCESS
AND CONFRONTATION WERE VIOLATED BY
THE COURT'S PRESUMED RELIANCE ON
AN UNCERTIFIED LAB REPORT AND THE
ALLEGATIONS WITHOUT REQUIRING LIVE
TESTIMONY. (Partially Raised
Below).
A. RELIANCE ON THE
ALLEGATIONS READ INTO THE RECORD
AND ON AN UNCERTIFIED LAB REPORT
VIOLATED THE DEFENDANT'S RIGHTS TO
DUE PROCESS AND CONFRONTATION.
B. EVEN IF THE ADMISSION OF
AND RELIANCE UPON THIS EVIDENCE
WAS PROPER, IT WAS INSUFFICIENT TO
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SUBSTANTIATE THE CHARGES AGAINST
THE DEFENDANT.
POINT III
CHAMBERS WAS DENIED HIS RIGHT TO
DUE PROCESS AND TO CONTEST THE
CHARGES AGAINST HIM BY THE COURT'S
REFUSAL TO GRANT AN ADJOURNMENT.
POINT IV
REVOCATION OF CHAMBERS' PROBATION
BASED ON A MISSED PAYMENT OF COURT
FINES BECAUSE HE WAS INCARCERATED
VIOLATED EQUAL PROTECTION,
FUNDAMENTAL FAIRNESS, AND DUE
PROCESS.
POINT V
TERMINATION OF CHAMBERS' PROBATION
BASED ON THE CHARGES TO WHICH HE
PLED GULITY WAS IMPROPER AND NOT
WARRANTED.
A. THE GUILTY PLEAS WERE
NOT KNOWING OR VOLUNTARY.
B. REVOCATION OF PROBATION
BASED ON THE NEW CHARGES VIOLATED
CHAMBERS' PLEA AGREEMENT
CONCERNING THOSE OFFENSES AND
IMPLICATED DOUBLE JEOPARDY
CONCERNS.
C. THE THREE OLD DRUG TESTS
DO NOT SUPPORT THE COURT'S
DECISION TO TERMINATE CHAMBERS'
DRUG COURT SPECIAL PROBATION.
POINT VI
A REMAND FOR RESENTENCING IS
REQUIRED BECAUSE THE COURT IMPOSED
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AN EXCESSIVE SENTENCE, FAILED TO
ABIDE BY THE CRIMINAL CODE, AND
SUMMARILY IMPOSED THE "ALTERNATIVE
SENTENCE" WITHOUT CONDUCTING AN
INDIVIDUALIZED SENTENCING
ASSESSMENT.
We conclude from our review of the record that defendant's
VOP convictions based upon his guilty plea to certain charges
must be vacated because the VOP court failed to accept
defendant's guilty plea in a manner consistent with Rule 3:9-2.
The facts we glean from the record can be summarized as
follows. Defendant was indicted in 2009 and 2013 for charges
related to his possession of controlled dangerous substances
(CDS). In 2009, defendant pled guilty pursuant to a plea
agreement to one offense in exchange for the State's recommended
five-year sentence to Drug Court special probation, N.J.S.A.
2C:35-14. When defendant was indicted in 2013, the State again
recommended that he continue his probation in Drug Court rather
than terminate him from the program and sentence him to State
prison.
Both plea agreements contained alternate sentences that
would be imposed if defendant did not satisfactorily complete
Drug Court. Under defendant's 2009 plea agreement, the State
recommended an alternative sentence of nine years with a fifty-
four month period of parole ineligibility. The 2013 plea
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agreement called for a three-year alternate sentence that would
run consecutive to the 2009 sentence. When the court accepted
defendant's 2013 plea, it confirmed that he understood that if
he violated probation by not satisfactorily completing Drug
Court, he would be facing a twelve-year term with a fifty-four
month period of parole ineligibility.
In July 2014, defendant was charged with four counts of
violating his probation. The first charge alleged that in 2011,
2012 and 2014, defendant tested positive for various CDS. The
second charge related to defendant being charged with the two
new offenses that led to his 2013 guilty plea and his
continuation in Drug Court. The third charge alleged that
defendant had been non-compliant with Drug Court because he was
discharged from two treatment programs, one in 2009, and one in
2014. The final charge alleged that defendant failed to pay
"[c]ourt imposed financial obligations," claiming that up until
July 18, 2004, defendant only paid $2004 out of the $4952
imposed fines as part of his sentences, with the last payment
made on June 4, 2014.
At the ensuing VOP hearing on August 28, 2014, the VOP
judge first addressed defendant's objections to the admission of
certain lab reports that the State intended to rely upon to
prove defendant tested positive for CDS while in Drug Court.
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The judge rejected defendant's argument, denied his adjournment
request, and proceeded to address the VOP charges.
The VOP judge spoke directly to defendant and elicited from
him confirmation that he committed some of the charged offenses.
The colloquy with the defendant consisted of the judge asking
defendant how he was pleading, and defendant either explaining
what he did that supported the violation or why he was not
guilty of the charge. The judge then gave defense counsel an
opportunity to place on the record anything she wanted to
"substantiate [defendant's] not guilty pleas." After
considering statements from defense counsel, a member of the
community who spoke on defendant's behalf, the prosecutor, and
defendant, the VOP judge proceeded to recount defendant's
experience in Drug Court and his failure to succeed despite the
support he received in that program. The judge turned to
defendant's guilty plea to some of the charges and stated:
I am accepting his guilty pleas in light of
what his statement was, in light of his plea
of guilty, in light of the fact that I do
not find that [defendant] is under the
influence of any narcotic or drug that would
impair his ability to understand these
proceedings and make the decision that he
has made with regard to entering guilty
pleas.
The judge concluded the hearing by addressing each of the
charges and, based on defendant's guilty plea and a finding that
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the preponderance of the evidence established a violation, the
judge found that defendant violated probation. The judge
immediately sentenced defendant in accordance with the alternate
sentences in his plea agreements to an aggregate term of twelve
years with fifty-four months of parole ineligibility. This
appeal followed.
Our review of a trial judge's fact finding underlying a
violation of probation is "exceedingly narrow." See State v.
Locurto, 157 N.J. 463, 470 (1999); see also State v. Johnson, 42
N.J. 146, 161-62 (1964). We defer to the lower court's findings
of fact, especially those that are substantially influenced by
the trial judge's "opportunity to hear and see the witnesses and
to have the feel of the case." State v. Elders, 192 N.J. 224,
244 (2007). Thus, we will not disturb a court's finding of a
violation of probation when supported by sufficient credible
evidence in the record. See Johnson, supra, 42 N.J. at 162.
We apply a similar standard of review to a trial court's
findings when a defendant pleads guilty. We "consider[]
'whether the findings made could reasonably have been reached
on sufficient credible evidence present in the record.'" State
v. Campfield, 213 N.J. 218, 229 (2013)(quoting Locurto, supra,
157 N.J. at 471).
7 A-2870-14T3
We conclude from our review that we are constrained to
vacate defendant's conviction for violating probation because
the VOP judge did not satisfy the requirements of Rule 3:9-2
when she accepted defendant's guilty plea. Although the Rule
does not mention guilty pleas to VOPs, we previously stated that
"[w]e perceive no practical difference between a plea to a
criminal charge and a plea to a violation of probation," and
held that the Rule's requirements must be followed in VOP
proceedings. State v. Lavoy, 259 N.J. Super. 594, 602-03 (App.
Div. 1992).
The Rule requires that the VOP judge address
defendant personally . . . and determin[e]
by inquiry of the defendant . . . that there
is a factual basis for the plea and that the
plea is made voluntarily, not as a result of
any threats or of any promises or
inducements not disclosed on the record, and
with an understanding of the nature of the
charge and the consequences of the plea.
[Rule 3:9-2]
To satisfy the Rule's requirements, a trial court
should inquire "among other things, (1)
whether anyone had forced, threatened, or
put [defendant] under pressure to plead
guilty, (2) whether the defendant understood
that he was relinquishing certain
constitutional rights, (3) whether the
defendant understood the nature of the
charge and content of the sentencing
recommendation, and (4) whether the
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defendant was in fact guilty of the specific
charge[.]"
[Campfield, supra, 213 N.J. at 230-31
(quoting State ex rel. T.M., 166 N.J. 319,
336 (2001)).]
We have carefully examined the record to determine whether
the VOP judge complied with the Rule's requirements and conclude
that the judge did not satisfy all of them. There was no
attempt by the judge to ascertain whether defendant understood
the charges against him, or that he was pleading guilty
voluntarily, without coercion, and that his plea was not the
result of any undisclosed promises or agreements. Further, the
judge made no inquiry as to whether defendant, a known drug
user, was under the influence of CDS or any other drug that
would interfere with his understanding of the proceedings or the
consequences of his plea. The judge also did not review in
detail with defendant that a guilty plea to the VOP could result
in the court imposing the substantial alternative sentence that
was part of his original plea agreements. Other than addressing
defendant about facts that would support a guilty plea, the
judge did not attempt any further compliance with the Rule.
Under these circumstances, the VOP judge's acceptance of
defendant's guilty plea was a mistaken exercise of her
discretion.
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Because we are vacating defendant's VOP judgment of
conviction and remanding for a new hearing, we need not address
defendant's other appellate arguments.
Defendant's guilty plea to the violations of probation and
the resulting amended judgments of conviction are vacated. The
matter is remanded to the trial court for a new hearing. We do
not retain jurisdiction.
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