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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 16-15618
Non-Argument Calendar
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Agency No. A088-483-671
TIANCHI ZHANG,
Petitioner,
versus
U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
________________________
Petition for Review of a Decision of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
________________________
(December 5, 2017)
Before JORDAN, ROSENBAUM, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
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Tianchi Zhang, proceeding pro se, petitions for review of the Board of
Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) final order affirming the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”)
denial of his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the
Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). The BIA determined that Zhang waived
any challenge to the IJ’s denial of his asylum claim based on political opinion, and
it held that he failed to meet his burden of proving he was eligible for asylum
based on religious persecution because he did not provide sufficient, reasonably
available corroborating evidence. It held that he thus necessarily failed to meet his
burden of proof for withholding of removal, and that he had presented no
persuasive argument for reversing the IJ’s finding that he failed to prove he was
eligible for CAT relief.
When the BIA issues a decision, we review only that decision, except to the
extent that the BIA expressly adopts the IJ’s decision. Al Najjar v. Ashcroft, 257
F.3d 1262, 1284 (11th Cir. 2001). Additionally, we “may review a final order of
removal only if . . . the alien has exhausted all administrative remedies available to
the alien as a matter of right.” Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”)
§ 242(d)(1), 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d). The exhaustion requirement is jurisdictional and
precludes review of claims not presented to the BIA. Amaya-Artunduaga v. U.S.
Att’y Gen., 463 F.3d 1247, 1250 (11th Cir. 2006). Findings of the IJ not reached
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by the BIA are not properly before us. Gonzalez v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 820 F.3d 399,
403 (11th Cir. 2016).
We review agency factual determinations under the substantial-evidence
test, and we “must affirm the BIA’s decision if it is supported by reasonable,
substantial, and probative evidence on the record considered as a whole.” Silva v.
U.S. Att’y Gen., 448 F.3d 1229, 1236 (11th Cir. 2006) (quotation omitted). We
may not reweigh the evidence from scratch; rather, we “view the record evidence
in the light most favorable to the agency’s decision and draw all reasonable
inferences in favor of that decision.” Id. Findings of fact may be reversed only if
“the evidence compels a reasonable fact finder to find otherwise.” Chen v. U.S.
Att’y Gen., 463 F.3d 1228, 1231 (11th Cir. 2006). To the extent that the BIA’s
decision was based on a legal determination, we review it de novo. Silva, 448 F.3d
at 1236.
To meet the burden of establishing eligibility for asylum, an alien must, with
credible evidence, establish (1) past persecution on account of a statutorily
protected ground, or (2) a “well-founded fear” that the alien will be persecuted on
account of a protected ground. Id. Past persecution creates a rebuttable
presumption of well-founded fear of future persecution. 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b)(1).
Well-founded fear means “a reasonable possibility of personal persecution that
cannot be avoided by relocating within the subject country” or “a pattern or
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practice in the subject country of persecuting members of a statutorily defined
group of which the alien is a part.” Id. § 208.13(b)(2). The protected statutory
grounds are race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, and
political opinion. INA § 101(a)(42)(A), 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A).
To be entitled to withholding of removal, a petitioner must establish that he
would more likely than not be persecuted on a protected ground, which is a higher
evidentiary threshold than the “well-founded fear” standard for asylum. Rivera v.
U.S. Att’y Gen., 487 F.3d 815, 820–21 (11th Cir. 2007). “If an applicant is unable
to meet the ‘well-founded fear’ standard for asylum, he is generally precluded from
qualifying for either asylum or withholding of [removal].” Id. at 821 (quotation
omitted).
To be eligible for CAT relief, an alien must demonstrate that it is more likely
than not he would be tortured if removed to his country of origin. 8 C.F.R. §§
208.16(c)(2), 208.17(a), 208.18(a)(1). “Torture” is defined as “any act by which
severe pain or suffering. . . is intentionally inflicted on a person for . . . any reason
based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or
at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other
person acting in an official capacity.” Id. § 208.18(a)(1). To constitute torture, an
act must be specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or
suffering. Id. § 208.18(a)(5).
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An applicant’s testimony may be sufficient to meet his burden of proof
without corroboration, but only if “the applicant satisfies the trier of fact that [his]
testimony is credible, is persuasive, and refers to specific facts sufficient to
demonstrate” eligibility for relief from removal. INA § 208(b)(1)(B)(ii), 8 U.S.C.
§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(ii). In determining whether the applicant has met his burden of
proof, “the trier of fact may weigh the credible testimony along with other
evidence of record.” Id. “Where the trier of fact determines that the applicant
should provide evidence that corroborates otherwise credible testimony, such
evidence must be provided” unless the applicant does not possess it and cannot
reasonably obtain it. Id.
As an initial matter, the BIA correctly concluded that Zhang waived his
political opinion asylum claim by making no argument about it to the BIA, and
thus it is unexhausted. Additionally, the BIA did not reach his arguments about
credibility and whether the facts of his testimony show past persecution or a well-
founded fear of future persecution so those issues are not properly before us.
Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Zhang did not meet
his burden of proof for asylum and withholding of removal based on religious
persecution because he failed to provide sufficient corroborating evidence.
Zhang’s testimony was not so credible, persuasive, and specific to compel a
finding that he did not need any more corroboration than the testimony he
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provided. Furthermore, he was on notice that he needed to provide corroborating
evidence, and acknowledged that he could have provided more, yet he did not
because he did not believe it necessary. These admissions prove fatal to Zhang’s
case, since they demonstrate that he could have reasonably obtained corroborating
evidence to support his claim. Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s
conclusion that Zhang did not meet his burden of proof for CAT relief, as he
offered no proof that Chinese officials continued to search for him after he left or
would again harm him, in a way that would rise to torture, upon his return.
PETITION DENIED.
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