FILED
United States Court of Appeals
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT December 20, 2017
_________________________________
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY,
Petitioner,
v. No. 16-9539
(Benefits No. 15-0342 BLA)
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF WORKERS’ (Benefits Review Board)
COMPENSATION PROGRAMS,
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
LABOR; ROBERT THOMPSON,
Respondents.
_________________________________
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
_________________________________
Before HARTZ, McKAY, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.
_________________________________
Consolidation Coal Company seeks review of the award to Robert Thompson
by the Department of Labor (DOL) of miner’s benefits under the Black Lung
Benefits Act (BLBA), 30 U.S.C. §§ 901-944. Consolidation’s principal legal
arguments on appeal were recently resolved against its position in Consolidation
Coal Co. v. Director, OWCP (Noyes), 864 F.3d 1142, 1144 (10th Cir. 2017)
*
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
(statutory presumption of 30 U.S.C. § 921(c)(4) applies to both clinical and legal
pneumoconiosis; rebuttal standard of 20 C.F.R. § 718.305(d)(2)(ii), which requires
employer to “rule out” any causal connection between pneumoconiosis and death,
comports with Administrative Procedure Act; and rule-out standard is consistent with
congressional intent of BLBA).1
Consolidation’s remaining arguments all concern how the administrative law
judge (ALJ) viewed the evidence in making his findings. But those findings are quite
difficult to set aside. We do not reweigh the evidence; we merely ask whether the
ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence, that is, whether there is
“evidence in the record that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support
[the ALJ’s] conclusion.” Energy W. Mining Co. v. Oliver, 555 F.3d 1211, 1217
(10th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). By that standard, we must
affirm. Another factfinder may have disagreed with the ALJ, but we cannot say that
the decision here was unsupported by substantial evidence. It is unnecessary for us
to recite all the evidence or explain how the ALJ could reasonably reject each
argument made by Consolidation on appeal. We do, however, address what appear to
be its chief arguments.
Consolidation challenges the use of DOL standards in evaluating four arterial
blood-gas (ABG) studies. See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 718, App. C (DOL tables of arterial
1
Noyes involved rebuttal of a claim for survivor’s benefits under 20 C.F.R.
§ 718.305(d)(2)(ii), but essentially the same rule-out standard applies to the
regulatory subsection concerning rebuttal of claims for disability benefits under
20 C.F.R. § 718.305(d)(1)(ii).
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blood-gas levels that may establish total disability). Under these standards, three of
Mr. Thompson’s ABG studies, including the most recent two, supported the ALJ’s
finding of disability. Consolidation asserts that the DOL standards are not
adequately adjusted for the altitude of the test site and are not adjusted at all for the
age of the miner. But this challenge fails because DOL regulations require use of the
standards. See 20 C.F.R. § 718.204(b)(2)(ii) (absent contrary probative evidence,
evidence that meets the standards for ABG studies listed in appendix C “shall
establish a miner’s total disability”). Consolidation argues that a better standard is a
“Predicted Normal Range” handwritten on one document in the record, without any
explanation of where the numbers came from. The ALJ properly refused to consider
that standard.
Consolidation also argues that the ALJ’s determination that Mr. Thompson
was totally disabled was improperly based on medical opinions by several physicians
and was refuted by the opinion of Dr. Lawrence Repsher, who concluded that
Mr. Thompson did not have pneumoconiosis. But the ALJ had significant reasons for
doubting Dr. Repsher.
First, Dr. Repsher incorrectly interpreted the ABG studies, inexplicably
concluding that they were nonqualifying, despite evidence indicating that three of the
four studies qualified Mr. Thompson as totally disabled. He also dismissed as an
“outlier” an abnormal oxygen value from one ABG study, stating it “was probably
the result of laboratory error.” Admin. R., Vol. 2, Emp’r Ex. 11 at 2. But as the ALJ
observed, he merely speculated that this abnormal result was an outlier, without
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providing any explanation why, other than simply suggesting that it resulted from lab
error.
Second, Dr. Repsher stated that Mr. Thompson did not give his full effort and
cooperation when taking his pulmonary function tests. But the ALJ observed that
Dr. Repsher “provide[d] no support for speculating [that Mr. Thompson] did not
cooperate with the tests[,] and each of the [pulmonary function tests] specifically
indicates that [Mr. Thompson] showed good effort.” Id., Vol. 1 at 152. Although
one doctor indicated a test was “not optimally performed” and “the effort during the
exhalation was poor,” id., Vol. 2, Emp’r Ex. 13 at 2, three other doctors indicated
that Mr. Thompson gave “fair effort” and “good effort,” see id., Emp’r Ex. 12 at 2-3;
id., Claimant’s Ex. 1 at 2; id., Dir. Ex. 10 at 3-4.
Third, Dr. Repsher concluded that Mr. Thompson was “fully fit to perform his
usual coal mine work or work of a similarly arduous nature,” id., Emp’r Ex. 4 at 4,
but the ALJ noted that Dr. Repsher did not describe the exertional requirements of
Mr. Thompson’s work.
Fourth, Dr. Repsher attributed Mr. Thompson’s low oxygen levels to
cardiovascular disease, citing two abnormalities diagnosed by an October 2009
echocardiogram. The ALJ noted, however, that Dr. Repsher provided no explanation
of how these abnormalities affected Mr. Thompson’s ABG studies or otherwise
caused his condition. Consolidation responds that the echocardiogram showed
additional abnormalities while other evidence supports Dr. Repsher’s finding, but as
the ALJ indicated, Dr. Repsher did not cite any of this evidence, nor did he explain
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how any of the abnormalities caused his pulmonary condition. Moreover, the ALJ
observed that Mr. Thompson underwent multiple cardiac tests between 2004 and
2011, none of which required further treatment.
Fifth, Dr. Repsher indicated that he reviewed Mr. Thompson’s medical
records, including those of his primary care physician, and found no evidence of coal
workers pneumoconiosis. But the ALJ observed that the primary care physician’s
records reflected “progressively worsening complaints of breathing difficulty,” id.,
Vol. 1 at 145, and “frequent references [to] respiratory and pulmonary conditions that
[the primary care doctor] believed to be related to [Mr. Thompson’s] coal mine
employment,” id. at 152. Consolidation asserts that the ALJ provided no supporting
citations to medical records and that the primary care doctor recorded only two
findings of cough attributable to sinusitis and rhinitis. The record belies this
argument, however; the ALJ cited the primary care doctor’s notes indicating that
Mr. Thompson had “cough and congestion of several years’ duration,” had “been
exposed to coal dust for over 30 years,” and “in the past several months the cough
and symptoms ha[d] worsened,” id. at 123 (internal quotation marks omitted).
Although these notes were based on Mr. Thompson’s self-reporting, rather than
observations by the physician, they constitute substantial evidence to justify
discounting Dr. Repsher’s opinion.
Notwithstanding these reasons for discounting Dr. Repsher’s opinion,
Consolidation contends that the ALJ improperly dismissed Dr. Repsher’s opinion that
“the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-a gradient)” was a “far more scientifically
5
valid” way of measuring alveolar function, and that Mr. Thompson’s A-a gradient
was normal. Id., Emp’r Ex. 6 at 1. But the ALJ acknowledged there was support for
using the A-a gradient. The reason the ALJ found this component of Dr. Repsher’s
opinion unhelpful was that he failed to explain how he determined that
Mr. Thompson’s A-a gradient was normal and he did not calculate Mr. Thompson’s
A-a gradient associated with ABG studies performed by other physicians.
Additionally, Consolidation asserts that Dr. Repsher’s opinion was consistent
with evidence that in 2011, Mr. Thompson was “working on top of a mountain
summit on a daily basis and it was necessary [for him] to travel from high to low
altitude on a daily basis.” Pet’r Br. at 32. Consolidation suggests this evidence
refutes Mr. Thompson’s testimony that he could no longer climb stairs or mountains.
But the ALJ properly rejected this argument as a mischaracterization of
Mr. Thompson’s testimony, which indicated that when he was younger, he did a lot
of walking and hiking, but now he could no longer hike; he did not testify that his
method of traveling up the mountain every day was by walking.
Finally, Consolidation contends that the ALJ erred in giving “much probative
weight” to Dr. David James’s opinion that Mr. Thompson was totally disabled.
Admin. R., Vol. 1 at 146. It suggests Dr. James admitted that the pulmonary function
tests revealed only mild abnormalities. That is correct. And the ALJ gave Dr. James
credit for recognizing this fact. But he credited Dr. James’s ultimate conclusion that
Mr. Thompson was suffering from a totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary
condition because it was based on “an extensive review of the exertional
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requirements of” Mr. Thompson’s job, recognition of the qualifying ABG studies,
and consideration of Mr. Thompson’s treatment records. Id.
In sum, a careful review of the administrative record requires affirmance of the
decision below.
The petition for review is denied.
Entered for the Court
Harris L Hartz
Circuit Judge
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